派生副词大多数派生副词有-ly后缀oddly课件

Lecture24

AdverbandAdverbPhrase

TeachingContents24.1Chiefusesofadverbsandadverbphrases24.2Adverbswithorwithout–lyLikeadjectives,adverbsareaclassofwordsthatchieflyfunctionasmodifyingelements,andmodifyverbs,adjectives,prepositions,conjunctionsorotheradverbs.Intermsofwordformation,adverbsfallintotwogroups:simpleandderivativeadverbs.Simpleonesconsistofonlyonefreemorpheme;derivativesarederivedfromadjectivesbyaddingasuffix–lyandmostadverbsarederivatives.派生副词：大多数派生副词有-ly后缀：oddly。其它一些派生后缀：-wise:clockwise;-ways:sideways;-ward(s):northward(s);-style:cowboy-style;-fashion:schoolboy-fashion与介词短语towardsthesouth/east/north/west相对应的副词有south,southward(s)。不带-s的形式较为普遍，在美国的书刊英语中尤其如此。e.g.Thewindowfacessouth(最常见)/southwards/southward.形容词所以能加-ly变成副词，是与形容词的动态性质有关，如cheerful–cheerfully,suspiciously,jealously.但是，典型的各类静态形容词，如大小、颜色、年龄，不能加-ly，如*bigly,*tally,*redly,*blondly,*oldly,*youngly.24.1Chiefusesofadverbsandadverbphrases1)AdverbsasmodifierinphrasesAsaphraseelement,adverbsarechieflyuseda)asmodifierofverbs.e.g.Theycompletelyignoredmyviews.b)asmodifierofadjectives,e.g.I’mfeelingkindoftired.c)asmodifierofadverbs,e.g.Doitrightnow.d)asmodifierofprepositionsorconjunctions,e.g.Hisparentsaredeadagainstthetrip.e)asmodifierofdeterminers,e.g.Theyrecoveredroughlyhalftheirequipment.f)asmodifierofnounsorwholenounphrases,e.g.She’sratherafool.g)Onlyfewadverbscanbeusedaspostmodifiersofnouns,e.g.yourfriendhere,histripahead.Somecanbepremodifiers,e.g.hishomejourney.C.强调语(emphasizer)增强形容词的语势，而不是提高形容词的程度。e.g.Theplayisverygoodindeed.Shehasareallybeautifulface.强调语和强化语不同，和不可分等级的形容词连用，但是他们产生的效果与强化语的效果类似。e.g.You’recertainlywelcome.Theplaywasindeedexcellent/excellentindeed.2)作副词修饰语：副词的后置修饰语只有enough和indeed。e.g.Hespokeclearlyenough.(sufficientlyclearly)indeed常和very连用：e.g.Shespokeveryclearlyindeed.?Shespokeclearlyindeed.2)AdverbphrasesasadverbialinclausesorsentencesAsaclauseelement,adverbphrasesarechieflyusedaadjunct,disjuncts,andconjuncts.Whenusedasanadjunct,theadverbphrasedescribesthetime,placeormannerconcernedwiththeaction,processorstatedenotedbytheverb.Inthisuse,theadverbphraseisrelativelymobile,beingabletotaketheinitial,medialorendposition.Sometimesforrhetoricalreasons,amanneradjunctmayoccurattheheadofthesentence.e.g.Quietlyshewalkedonandon.Placeadjunctsnormallyappearattheendofthesentence.e.g.Icouldn’tfinditthroughIhadlookedeverywhere.24.2Adverbswithorwithout–ly1)TwoformswithnodifferenceinbasicmeaningThereareadverbswithtwoformswhichareidenticalinmeaningbutareusedindifferentcontexts.e.g.Driveslowlyontotheferry.Theworkersdecidedtogoslow.Heguessedright.Itservesyouright.Don’ttalksoloud/loudly.2)TwoformsdifferentorslightlydifferentinmeaningTheseadverbsalsoincludesomeoftheitemscitedintheprecedingsections.e.g.Hewalkedslowlybutsurely.Hestoppeddead.Hewasdeadtired.still/yet/already都是时间副词，yet和still表示“仍旧、还”，但是位置不同。Yet位于句末