高中英语 语法学案之名词性从句

PAGENounClauses（名词性从句）学习目标：学习目标：（LearningAims）通过学习，学生能够了解名词性从句的特征；学生能够掌握引导名词性从句的连接词的含义，并在不同语境中选择合适的连接词；学生能够区分名词性从句和定语从句。Ⅰ.Discoveringusefulstructures:请将每句中的名词性从句标上下划线，并标出连接词、体会从句所做的成分、语序、时态。Thatfashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.Ithasbeenprovedthateatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessesinlaterlife.WhatmattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.Toimprovethequalityofourproducts,weaskedforsuggestionswhoeverhadusedtheproducts.TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyideawherethepartyistobeheld?Wedon’tknowwhosekeysthoseare.I’mafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichiswhyheneverfinishesanything.Heiswonderingwhenhecanfinishthisdifficultjob.Whendoyouthinkhewillcome?Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.Scientistsstudyhowhumanbrainsworktomakecomputers.自我归纳：（Summing-up）1.名词性从句是指：在复合句中起_________作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括_________、_________、_________和_________，可分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。名词性从句是英语三大从句之一，即：形容词性从句（即_______）,副词性从句（即_______）,和名词性从句。2.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类

连接词：that,whether,if（在从句中不充当成分）

连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever.(在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语)

连接副词：when,where,how,why（在从句中作状语，有时亦可作表语）3.①名词性从句在从句中为_________语序。②特殊疑问词+doyouthink/suppose/believe/expect+_____语序。如句(9)。Ⅱ.SummarizingKeyPoints:一、主语从句在句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。1、that,whether引导①Thatheisstillaliveisawonder.②Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeyintheoffice.③It’snolongeraquestionnowthatmancanlandonthemoon. ④ItwassaidthatonlythreepeopleintheworldcouldunderstandEinstein’stheoryatthattime.⑤Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.2、连接代词引导①Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.②Whoevercomesiswelcome.③Whicheverofyoucomesinfirstwillreceiveaprize.④Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.3、连接副词引导①Whenwearrivedoesn’tmatter.②Whythedinosaursdisappearedsuddenlystillremainsapuzzle.二、宾语从句在句中充当宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。1.由连接词that,if,whether引导的宾语从句①Ithink(that)womencanreachveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.②Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.③Hesuggested(that)we(should)setoffasearlyaspossible.④Ithinkitnecessarythatwedrinkenoughwatereveryday.⑤Hetoldme(that)hehadtwosonsandthattheybothhadgonetocollege.2.由连接代词引导的宾语从句①Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.②Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesherinterests.③I’lljustsaywhatevercomesintomymind.④Eatwhichevercakeyoulikeandleavetheothersforwhoevercomesinlate.⑤TherearesomanygoodmagazinesthatIdon’tknowwhichIshouldchoose.⑥Wedon’tknowwhowilltakehisplace.3.由连接副词引导的宾语从句①Nooneknowshowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.②Couldyoutellmewhyyouwerelateforthemeetingthismorning?③Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood.三、表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。1、that,whether,because,asif/though引导①Itseemsthattherearepeoplefromallovertheworldlivinghere.②Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.③Itlookedasif/thoughitwasgoingtosnow.④Thisisprobablybecausetheyareoftenveryconfident.⑤Thereasonwhyhecamelatewasthathegotuplate.2、连接代词引导①Theproblemiswhowilltakechargeofthisshop.②Heisnotwhatheusedtobeafewyearsago.③Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)readasmuchEnglishaspossible.3、连接副词引导①ThatiswhenIrealizedtheimportanceofEnglish.②Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’swherethebestjobsare.四、同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。可用于同位语从句的名词有fact、idea、news、word（消息）、information、truth、doubt、wish、hope、promise、message、advice、suggestion、request、demand、order、problem、question、evidence、proof、sign等。例如：1.由连接词that,whether引导的同位语从句①Thethoughtthattheycouldcrossthewholecontinentwasexciting.②Doyouhaveanyideawhetherheiscomingornot?③TherearesignsthatmorepeoplewilllearnEnglish.2.由连接代词引导的同位语从句①Ihavenoideawhathe’stalkingabout.②Thequestionwhoshoulddothejobrequiresconsideration.3.由连接副词引导的同位语从句①Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendtheholiday.②Ihavenoideahowhedidit.五、几个区别1.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，名词全部内容的体现；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系。在定语从句中，that作为关系代词，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。

①Wewereexcitedatthenewsthatourteamhadwon.②Thenewsthatweheardontheradiowasexciting.2.if和whether的区别1）在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中一般用whether；2）在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换，但引导介词后边的宾语从句时，或与ornot连用时一般用whether；①Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.②Thatdependsonwhetheryouaresuitableforthejob.③Idon’tknowwhetherornotshewillcome.3.that与what的区别that在名词性从句中不充当句子成分，没有意义，只起连接作用；而what不仅起连接作用，而且有意义也充当句子成分。①Itworriedherabit_________herhairwasturninggrey.②________worriedherabitwasthatherhairwasturninggrey.4.“疑问词+ever”引导的从句与“nomatter+疑问词”引导的从句的区别前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句，后者只能引导让步状语从句。如:①Nomatterwhat/WhateverIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome. ②Youhaveoursupport,whatever/nomatterwhatyoudecide.③HewouldbelievewhateverIsaid. ④Whoeverdidthisjobmustberewarded.Ⅲ.Basicpractice:◆单句填空。1._______wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan_______wehave.2._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.3.Ihate_______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.4._______we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.5.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.6.________itistrueremainsaproblem.7.Idon'tknow_________ornothe'llcome.8.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof________sharesherinterests.9.Theyreceivedorders_______thework（should）befinishedbytheendofthismonth.10.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas_______hescoredthewinninggoal.11.Hetellsmethathisbrother__________(buy)anewfootballyesterday.12.Hetoldmethathe__________(tell)Maryaboutthemeetingalready.13.Ourphysicsteachertoldusthatlight________(travel)fasterthansound.14.Somepeoplebelieve_______hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.15.Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoingyou'reafraidtodo.16.Exactly____thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.17.Itisdifficultforustoimagine_______lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.18.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“That’s______Iwasborn.”19.“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisis_________mymotherusedtotellme.20.IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleYeah,butIhavenoidea_______hedidit;that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.21.Thereisnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.22.___isrequiredintheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.23.Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize____sillymistakesIhadmade.24.Itisthefact____hedoesn’tknowhisbirthday____surprisedusall.25.Itisnoneofyourbusiness_____otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeinyourself.26.Itisnolongeraquestion____manislearningmoreandmoreaboutspace.27.Itisnotimmediatelyclear___thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.28.Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof____hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.29.Newscamefromtheschooloffice____WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijing30.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo___ittakestosaveherlife.31.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon_____themeetingwouldbepostponed.32.Imadeapromisetomyself____thisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.33.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim___hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.34.Scientistsstudy____humanbrainsworktomakecomputers.35.Wepromise_____attendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.36.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose_____suitsyoubest.37.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy____children’searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.38.Agoodfriendofminefrom___IwasbornshowedupatmyhomerightbeforeIleftforBeijing.39.InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasingdevelopmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.40.Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.Ⅳ.Challengingpractice(A)Itisknown___1___oneoftheaimsofUNESCOistoprotectandpreserve___2____(culture)andnaturalheritage.Ourheritageis___3___preciousgiftfromthepast,anditisalso____4___welivewithtoday.IbelievesomeofyoumayhavevisitedMountTaiandMountHuang,orhavebeentoJiuzhaigou.Manypeoplejustfind__5__unbelievable___Theseheritagesitesimpressvisitors___7___theiramazingbeauty,andtheyareagreatsourceof___8___(inspire).Therearealtogethermorethan900WorldHeritagesites.Peoplehavecometounderstandthetruth____9___theydonotbelongtoanysingleperson,___10_____toallmankind.(B)Stayinghealthymakessense Manypeoplewonder___1___thereisanyconnectionbetweenoursensesandourhealth.Scientistsobserve___2___makingthemostofoursenseswhenweareyoungcankeepushealthylateroninlife. Whydowefeelanxiousortired?Onestudyshows___3____approximately90%ofourtimeisspent____4___televisionorusingcomputers.Itisadded___5____whileoursenseofsightisusedtoomuch,oursensesoftouchandsmellhavebeenignored. Peopleoftenask___6____ornotweshoulddevelopalloursenses.Theanswerisyes.Expertssuggest____7__wedothefollowingthingsmoreoften.Whilehavingdinner,listentosomeenjoyablemusicratherthanwatchtelevision.While____8____(relax)athome,havesomeflowersnexttoyou__9______smellnice.Beforegoingtobed,turnthelights_____10_____.Whilesleeping,wearanightshirtthatispleasanttotouch—itwillmakeussleepwell.(C)‘Borrowedwords’—goodorbad?Languageskeepborrowingwordsfromotherlanguages.Thisisoneofthereasons___1__languageskeepchangingalmosteveryday.___2___weshoulddoabouttheincreasingnumberof‘borrowedwords’inourvocabularyissomethingthatdeservescareful