高中语法-数词-连词讲义-高三英语二轮复习

一、数词&连词数词的分类：数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目的多少。序数词表示事物的先后顺序，往往与定冠词the连用。一：基数词的构成(1)0—12单独记。如：zero,one,two,three等。(2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如：fourteen特殊13—thirteen，15—fifteen，18—eighteen(3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。20—twenty，30—thirty，40—forty，50—fifty，80—eighty(4)＂几十几＂要加连字符号＂-＂。48—forty-eight,97—ninety-seven(5)＂几百几十＂或者＂几百几十几＂在＂百＂后加and。156—onehundredandfifty-six(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律：用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号读作thousand(千)，第二个逗号读作million(百万)，第三个逗号读作billion(十亿)，hundred后莫忘＂and＂。94,295＝ninety-fourthousandtwohundredandninety-five；二：序数词的构成first1stsecond2ndthird3rdfourth4thfifth5thsixth6thseventh7theighth8thninth9thtenth10theleventh11thtwelfth12ththirteenth13thfourteenth14thfifteenth15thsixteenth16thseventeenth17theighteenth18thnineteenth19thtwentieth20thtwenty-first21sttwenty-second22ndthirtieth0thfortieth40thfiftieth50thsixtieth60thseventieth70theightieth80thninetieth90thhundredth100thonehundredandfirst101st(1)＂第一＂、＂第二＂、＂第三＂分别是first,second,third。(2)＂第四＂到＂第十九＂除了fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth是特殊的拼写外，其余的都在相应基数词后面加＂th＂构成。(3)20以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i，再加＂-eth＂。(4)第一百hundredth;第一千thousandth;第一百万millionth。(5)20以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时，只变化个位数。如：twenty-one→twenty-first。运用：序数词前一般加the,以下情况例外表示又一、再一:Iwilltryasecondtime.固定短语：atfirstwin/getfirstplace等月、日表达中并列使用时：thetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies常见用法1、短语：hundredsof数百thousandsof数千millionsof数百万2、表示分数：分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情况外，序数词都要用复数。►1/3onethird7/9sevenninths【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法：►a/onehalf二分之aquarter=onefourth四分之一threequarters=threefourths四分之三表示小数：小数点前按照基数词读出，小数点后将数字一一读出。67.32sixty-sevenpointthreetwo表示百分数：%读作percent没有复数50%fiftypercent表示时间：年份一般用数字写出，月份用单词，日期用序数词，书写时序数词前的the和词尾（-th等）可省略，但是读时要读出。May25(th),2008表示年龄或者年代：在...岁Attheageof+基数词atage+基数词at+基数词在某人几十多岁时inone’s+基数词整十数的复数形式inhisthirties在20世纪90年代inthe1990’s/1990s5、表示时刻：小于30分钟，借助past，大于30分钟，借助to8:21twenty-onepasteighteighttwenty-one8:56fourtonineeightfifty-six6、表示倍数倍数+as...asShehastwiceasmanystampsasme倍数+thesize/height/weight/depth/width/lengthThiscityisthreetimesthesizeofthatcity7、常用句式The+序数词+todosthJameswasthefirsttoarrive.与最高级连用，表示第几长、宽、高等GuangzhouisthethirdlargestcityinChina表达第几次做某事It’sthe+序数词time+that...It’sthefirsttimethathehadbeentoBeijing.四、连词的定义：在句子中起连接作用，可以使词、短语或句子连接起来形成一定关系的词。并列名词1、表示并列关系：and：和，并且（除了表示并列关系外，还表示结果、反复、顺承等）LilyandIleftearly.并列Hewenttothemarketandboughtsomemeat.顺承Bemorecarefulandyouwillmakefewermistakes.结果Hetalkedandtalkedandtalkeduntillateintothenight.反复notonly...butalso...:不但......而且....谓语动词采用就近原则，连接部分一般是对称的。强调后面部分。（aswellas相同的意思，强调前面部分，谓语根据前面部分而定）NotonlyhebutalsoIamgoingtolibraryeveryweek.neither...nor....既不...也不....谓语动词采用就近原则Neitherhisparentsnorhelikesthistour.Not...but不是....而是.....Johnisnotherfatherbutheruncle.Both...and....两者都表示转折关系：连词用法例句but但是，表示意义递进的转折或前后两个事实相反Hismotherwon’tbethere,buthisfathermight.while但是，然而，一般连接内容和结构对称的句子，侧重情况对比IlikeEnglishwhilehelikesmath.yet可是；然而，经常和and连用Ifailedagain,andyetInevergiveup.3、表示选择关系：Or:或者；否则either…or...或者…或者…谓语动词采用就近原则EitherAliceorherfathercooksmeals.4、表示原因关系For:前面常用逗号和前一分句隔开，表示一种补充说明或为前面的内容提供推断的理由Theleavesarefalling,forit’salreadyautumn.从属连词：主要用于引导状语从句，比如though、because、asif等，将在从句专题讲解。语法填空：数词主要考察序数词的用法，掌握对应序数词的变化形式以及常用情况。连词主要考察：如果有两个或多个单词、短语、分句并列，最后两个之间没有连词，根据前后的逻辑关系选择恰当的连词。固定结构数词&连词单项选择。1.______________ofthestudentsinourclasshavelunchatschool.A.Twofifth B.ThreesfifthsC.Onethirds D.Threequarters2.Mother’sDayisonthe______________SundayinMayeveryyear.A.two B.second C.six D.sixth3.NotonlyIbutalsoJack______________tiredoftheexaminations.A.is B.are C.am D.be4.Thereare__________floorsinToby’shouse.Andhisroomisonthe__________floor.A.three;two B.third;second C.third;two D.three;second5.Jimfailedtwice,buthewantedtohave__________try.A.asecond B.athird C.thesecond D.thethird6.__________visitorscametotakephotosofHongyadongduringthevacation.A.Thousand B.Thousandof C.Thousands D.Thousandsof7.Inthefuturepeoplewilllivelongerandmoreandmorepeoplewillcelebratetheir__________birthdays.A.onehundred B.hundred C.hundredsof D.hundredth8.IlikelisteningtoEnglishsongsbecauseitcan__________makemerelaxed__________improvemyspokenEnglish.A.neither；nor B.either；orC.notonly；butalso D.not；but9.Onno-carday,__________students__________teachersareallowedtodrivetoschool.A.either；or B.notonly；butalsoC.neither；nor D.both；and10.—Wouldyouliketea__________Juice?—Tea,please.A.and B.or C.but D.so11.Thisdressisnice,__________itdoesn’tlookgoodonme.A.for B.so C.but D.or12.Emily,youareplayingvideogamesagain!Studyhard,__________youwillfailinthecomingexam.A.then B.so C.and D.or13.—What’sthesecretofsuccess,Dr.Know?—Moretimeandeffort,__________you’llmakeitsomeday.A.yet B.or C.and D.but14.—TellussomethingaboutCanada,OK?—I’msorry.__________Jack__________Ihaveeverbeenthere.A.Either;or B.Notonly;butalso C.Both;and D.Neither;nor15.Hegaveherdaughteradictionaryasabirthdaypresent__________shewaslearningEnglish.A.when B.after C.because D.until填上正确的词。However,intheurbandistrictofBeijinghousesalonghutongsstilloccupyone________（three）ofthetotalarea,providinghousingforhalfofthepopulation.TheMid-AutumnFestivaliscelebratedonthe15thdayofthe________(eight)monthoftheChineselunarcalendar.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,_______becauseIwantto.InmuchofAsia,especiallyChina,Japan,______Korea,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.Itcangiveyoubenefitsforbothyourbrain_______yourbody.Hesaid:Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,neithertoomuch____toolittle.Shestudiedhard,____shecouldn’tunderstandthehomework.Makeupyourmind,____youwillgetthechance.Wewerewarned