2023届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解公开课-猜测词义课件(共22张PPT)

GuessingmeaningsofwordsReadingComprehension--NewEnglishCurriculumStandardsForGuessingMeaningsofWords

新课程标准对阅读理解之猜测词义的要求

正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。词义并非完全等同词典中所标注的汉语意思，其在不同的语境中会有所不同。根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。阅读文章时，对未见过的词，可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常考查的一种能力。Statisticsonthetypeofquestions:YearPassageQuestion2019(Ⅰ)B25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?2019(Ⅱ)A21.Whodoes"I"refertointhetext?2019(Ⅲ)B26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takingon"inparagraph4mean?2018(Ⅰ)C29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？2018(Ⅱ)B26.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?2016(Ⅰ)C29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?2015(ZJ)D56.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningto"Themediumoneisthesuckerinthepack.”(Paragraph3)?StatisticsonthetypeofguessingmeaningsofwordsYear201920182017全国卷Ⅰ1(单词stumbles的含义)1(单词dominant的含义)2(代词that的含义；短语thewatercatcher的含义)全国卷Ⅱ2(代词I的含义；短语tugattheheartstrings的含义)1(短语ajuicer的含义)2(代词that的含义；句子thetablesareturned的含义)全国卷Ⅲ1(短语takingon的含义)1(短句moreismore的含义)1(单词displaced的含义)

掌握词义猜测题的考查角度猜测单词的含义猜测代词所替代的内容(it,one,they,them,this,that...)考向3考向2考向1猜测短语和句意[典例]

(2018·北京卷)...Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefielded

byride­hailingservices,consideringthecostofself­drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues.Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.49．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded”inParagraph4probablymean?AEmployedBReplacedCSharedDReduced.field(n.场地)fieldvt.运用=employ(使用，运用)利用构词法（词性转换）---猜测词意考向1：猜测单词含义方法1.considerconsiderationconsiderate派生break+throughbreakthrough合成It'swarm.Putonacoattowarmhimself.转换方法2.

[典例]1.Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)BytranslatingtherichandhumoroustextofLove’sLabour’sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL,DeafinitelyTheatrecreatesanewinterpretation

ofShakespeare’scomedyandaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience.

生词

同义词/近义词（上下文语境）largetranslating

1.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.2.(福建卷)Ifyou'retiredofwanderingaroundthegymwastingtimeandbecomingbored，youcanattendanupbeat

groupfitnessclassthat'llkeepyourworkoutontrack.

Q:Theunderlinedword“upbeat”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．cheerful B．averageC．seriousD．temporary生词

disagree信号词(but,however,yet,although...)/反义词（上下文语境）利用同义词，近义词，反义词猜测词意(上下文)方法3.

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitionsinoneday.

[典例](2019·北京卷)Phytoplankton(浮游植物)livesattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxideintotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen....Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow...

43．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Sensitive B．BeneficialC．Significant D．Unnoticeablelarge

因果利用逻辑关系猜测词意(因果，转折，解释)方法4．

Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.[典例](2018·Ⅰ)Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation­stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominant

languagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”inparagraph2?A．Complex B．AdvancedC．PowerfulD．Modern家用电器划线生词信号词结合信号词推测词义（上下文语境）利用例证猜测词意(

suchas,like,forexample...)方法5.

Theself-drivingvehicleisagreatemblemofthisdataage,andthatistosay,itisasignoftime...

[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“softserve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.26．Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A．AdessertB．AdrinkC．AcontainerD．Amachinesymbol划线生词同等关系信号词关键词（上下文）推测词意利用同等关系猜测词意(

thatis,or,thatistosay...)方法6.Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesan

anesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpain

ortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.麻醉药物利用生活常识和文化背景考向2：

代词的指代意义(this,that,it,them,these,those...)[典例](2017·全国卷)Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat....

29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.第一步确定题干中的关键信息__________________________________________第二步定位到原句，并找出该词所代替的内容(就近上指)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第三步综合判断得出答案__________________________________________________________theunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations分析：that指代爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢。代入替换，确定答案就近原则，向上(向下)搜索关键词找出指代词(it,they,them,this..)代词指代

考向3：句意猜测题——意义吻合定句意

[典例](2019·浙江卷)Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”24．Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inparagraph1mean?A．Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B．Moneynotlegallymade.C．Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D．Moneynottiedtogether.第一步确定题干中的关键信息__________________________________________第二步定位到原句，并找出与该句相关的信息句__________________________________________第三步综合判断得出答案__________________________________________尽你所能，取你所需---无条件提供钱结合语境，准确分析原句语法和逻辑关系找出关键词句，合理推断，归纳总结句意猜测猜测词意代词指代题词义猜测题短语句意题step2:微观入手就近原则(上下搜索)替换构词法猜测:合成派生转换同义，近义词&反义词猜测:likebuthowever...逻辑关系猜测:因果转折并列解释...例证猜测:suchasforinstance...同等关系猜测:thatisthatistosay...生活常识文化背景:上下文语境结合常识对原句进行语法语义上进行准确分析，结合上下文合理推断step1:宏观把握结合语境分析原句合理推断Practise：1.(2016年全国卷)Encouragingthiskindofthingkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking....AmistakeBdrawbackCdifficultyDburden2.Otherroadusers,includinghorseriders,managetoobeytherulessowhynotcyclists?Itisabouttimetheyhadtoberegisteredandinsured,sothentheydohitapedestrianoravehicle,orcauseanaccident,atleattheycanbetracedandtheremightbeanopportunitytoclaim.AaccidentsBvehiclesCpedestrainsDcyclists

downside构词法down&side同义词drawback---draw&back3.2017（Ⅲ）GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedSt