2012年12月英语四级真题及答案解析完整版

大学生英语沙龙协会内部资料大学生英语沙龙协会内部资料environment."Bishopdescribestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeopletoprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplansinplaceoftimespentonline.ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwidetelephonesurveyofmorethan2,500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversityresearchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat"theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseofexcessiveInternetuse."About9%attemptedtoconceal"nonessentialInternetuse,"andnearly4%reportedfeeling"preoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline."About8%saidtheyusedtheInternetasawaytoescapeproblems,andalmost14%reportedthey"foundithardtostayawayfromtheInternetforseveraldaysatatime.""TheInternetproblemisstillinitsinfancy,"saidEliasAboujaoude,aStanfordprofessor.Nosingleonlineactivityistoblameforexcessiveuse,hesaid."They'reonlineinchatrooms,checkinge-mail,orwritingblogs.[Theproblemis]notlimitedtoporn（色情）orgambling"websites.ExcessiveInternetuseshouldbedefinednotbythenumberofhoursspentonlinebut"intermsoflosses,"saidMaressaOrzack,aHarvardUniversityprofessor."Ifit'saloss[where]you'renotgettingtowork,andfamilyrelationshipsarebreakingdownasaresult,thenit'stoo much."Sincetheearly1990s,severalclinicshavebeenestablishedintheU.S.totreatheavyInternetusers.TheyincludetheCenterforInternetAddictionRecoveryandtheCenterforInternet Behavior.ThewebsiteforOrzack'scenterliststhefollowingamongthepsychologicalsymptomsofcomputer addiction:•Havingasenseofwell-being（幸福）orexcitementwhileatthecomputer.•Longingformoreandmoretimeatthecomputer.•Neglectoffamilyandfriends.•Feelingempty,depressedorirritablewhennotatthecomputer.•Lyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutactivities.Inability tostoptheactivity.Problemswith schoolorjob.Physicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skippingmeals,poorpersonalhygiene（卫生）andsleepdisturbances.PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhaveothermooddisorders,Orzacksaid.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithherpatients,theyoftenreportthatbeingonlineoffersa"senseofbelonging,andescape,excitement[and]fun,"shesaid."Somepeoplesayrelief…becauseheyfindthemselvessorelaxed."SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers.Internetgamersspendcountlesshourscompetingingamesagainstpeoplefromallovertheworld.Onesuchgame,calledWorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesbyposterscomplainingofa"gamingaddiction."AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,playsWorldofWarcraftforabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat'snothingcomparedwiththe40to60hoursaweekhespentplayingonlinegameswhenhewasincollege.Hecutbackonlyafterafull-scalefamilyintervention（干预）,inwhichrelativestoldhimhe'dgained

weight."There'sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein"withonlinegaming,saidHeidrich,nowafatheroftwo."Peopledoitattheexpenseofeverythingthatwasaconstantintheirlives."Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussgamingaddictionregularly"toremind myselfto keepmyloveforonlinegamesin check."ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.InAugust,whenshefirstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageonaYahooInternetaddictiongroupwiththesubjectline:"IhaveanInternetAddiction.""I'mself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI'mfailingtoaccomplishmywork,totakecareofmyhome,togiveattentiontomychildren,"shewroteinamessagesenttothegroup."Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetogetprofessionalhelp;Ican'tevenpaymymortgage(抵押贷款)andfacelosingeverything."Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonherInternetuse."Ihaveaboyfriendnow,andI'mnotinterestedinonlinedating,"shesaidbyphonelastweek. "It's a lot better now."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtimeontheInternet?A)Herdaughter'srepeatedcomplaints.Internetenvironmentserious consequencesimportantinlife

onitsdefinitionInternetenvironmentserious consequencesimportantinlife

onitsdefinitionD)Thehighfinancialcostsadding up.2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetuse?A)Peopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulconsequences.B)Ithasbecomevirtuallyinevitable.C)Ithasbeensomewhatexaggerated.D)Peoplehaven'tyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition.3.JonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedifpeopletrytoimprovethebecomeawareofitscanrealizewhatiscanreachaconsensus4.AccordingtoProfessorMaressaOrzack,InternetusewouldbeconsideredexcessiveifA)itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationshipsB)onevisitedpornwebsitesfrequentlyC)toomuchtimewas spentinchat roomsD)peoplegotinvolved inonlinegambling5.AccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceontheInternetmayfeelA)discouraged B)pressured C)depressedD)puzzled6.WhydidAndreHeidrichcutbackonlinegaming?A) Hehad losta lotof money.B)His familyhadintervened.Hehadoffendedhisrelatives.Hiscareerhadbeenruined.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z7.AndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddictionto .A)improvehisonlinegamingskillsB)curb hisdesireforonlinegamingC)showhow goodheisat onlinegamingD)exchangeonlinegamingexperience8.Inoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebeadmittedthatshe .9.ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn'taffordtoseekTOC\o"1-5"\h\z10.Nowthatshe'sgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazyabout .\o"CurrentDocument"PartIII ListeningComprehension (35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答。.A)Hehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthanthewoman.Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthebook.Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.Hecannotfinishhisassignmentbeforethedeadline..A)Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.Themanshouldbuyacarofhisown.Themanneedn'tgoshoppingeveryweek.Shecanpickthemanupatthegrocerystore..A)Getmorefoodanddrinks.B)Askhisfriendtocomeover.C)Tidyuptheplace.D)Holdaparty..A)ThetalkscanbeheldanydayexceptthisFriday.HecouldchangehisscheduletomeetJohnSmith.Thefirst-roundtalksshouldstartassoonaspossible.ThewomanshouldcontactJohnSmithfirst..A)Heunderstandsthewoman'sfeelings.Hehasgonethroughasimilarexperience.Thewomanshouldhavegoneonthefieldtrip.Theteacherisjustfollowingtheregulations.16.A)Shewillmeetthemanhalfway.ShewillaskDavidtotalkless.Sheissorrythemanwillnotcome.ShehastoinviteDavidtotheparty..A)FewstudentsunderstandProf.Johnson'slectures.FewstudentsmeetProf.Jonson'srequirements.ManystudentsfindProf.Johnson'slecturesboring.ManystudentshavedroppedProf.Johnson'sclass..A)Checktheircomputerfiles.Makesomecomputations.Studyacomputerprogram.Assembleacomputer.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard..A)Itallowshimtomakealotoffriends.Itrequireshimtoworklonghours.Itenableshimtoapplytheorytopractice.Ithelpshimunderstandpeoplebetter..A)Itisintellectuallychallenging.Itrequireshimtodowashing-upallthetime.Itexposeshimtooilysmokealldaylong.Itdemandsphysicalenduranceandpatience..A)Inahospital.B)Atacoffeeshop.C)Atalaundry.D)Inahotel..A)Gettingalongwellwithcolleagues.Payingattentiontoeverydetail.Planningeverythinginadvance.Knowingtheneedsofcustomers.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard..A)ThepocketmoneyBritishchildrenget.TheannualinflationrateinBritain.ThethingsBritishchildrenspendmoneyon.TherisingcostofraisingachildinBritain..A)Itenableschildrentolivebetter.Itgoesdownduringeconomicrecession.Itoftenriseshigherthaninflation.Ithasgoneup25%inthepastdecade..A)Saveupfortheirfutureeducation.Payforsmallpersonalthings.Buytheirownshoesandsocks.Makedonationswhennecessary.来源:考试大 -英语四级考试SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard..A)Districtmanagers.Regularcustomers.Salesdirectors.Seniorclerks..A)Thesupportprovidedbytheregularclients.Theinitiativeshownbythesalesrepresentatives.Theurgencyofimplementingthecompany'splans.Theimportantpartplayedbydistrictmanagers..A)Someofthemwerepolitical-minded.Fiftypercentofthemwerefemale.Onethirdofthemwereseniormanagers.Mostofthemwereratherconservative..A)Heusedtoomanyquotations.Hewasnotgendersensitive.Hedidnotkeeptothepoint.Hespenttoomuchtimeondetails.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard..A)Stateyourproblemtotheheadwaiter.Demandadiscountonthedishesordered.Asktoseethemanagerpolitelybutfirmly.Askthenameofthepersonwaitingonyou..A)Youproblemmaynotbeunderstoodcorrectly.Youdon'tknowifyouarecomplainingattherighttime.Yourcomplaintmaynotreachthepersonincharge.Youcan'ttellhowthepersononthelineisreacting..A)Demandapromptresponse.Provideallthedetails.Senditbyexpressmail.Sticktothepoint.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard..A)FashiondesignerB)Architect.C)Cityplanner.D)Engineer..A)Dosomevolunteerwork.Getawell-paidpart-timejob.Workflexiblehours.Gobacktoherpreviouspost..A)Fewbaby-sitterscanbeconsideredtrustworthy.Itwilladdtothefamily'sfinancialburden.Ababy-sitterisnoreplacementforamother.Thechildrenwon'tgetalongwithababy-sitter.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答。Almosteverychild,onthefirstdayhesetsfootinaschoolbuilding,issmarter,more(36) ,lessafraidofwhathedoesn'tknow,betteratfindingand(37) thingsout,moreconfident,resourceful(机敏的),persistentand(38) thanhewilleverbeagaininhisschooling-or,unlessheisvery(39)andverylucky,fortherestofhislife.Already,bypayingcloseattentiontoand(40) withtheworldandpeoplearoundhim,andwithoutanyschool-type(41) instruction,hehasdoneataskfarmoredifficult,complicatedand(42) thananythinghewillbeaskedtodoinschool,orthananyofhisteachershasdoneforyears.Hehassolvedthe(43) oflanguage.Hehasdiscoveredit-babiesdon'tevenknowthatlanguageexists-and(44) .Hehasdoneitbyexploring,byexperimenting,bydevelopinghisownmodelofthegrammaroflanguage,(45) untilitdoeswork.Andwhilehehasbeendoingthis,hehasbeenlearningotherthingsaswell,(46) ,andmanythataremorecomplicatedthantheonestheydotrytoteachhim.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewones-thekindofhigh-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe__47__wastefultotearthemalldownand__48__themwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe__49__carbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadest__50__,thegreenesthomeistheonethathasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating,coolingand__51__ourhomes,officesandotherbuildings."Youcan'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,"saysRichardMoe,thepresidentoftheNationalTrust.Withsome__52__,theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000,mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat__53__overtimeandletinmoreoutsideair.Fortunately,therearea__54__numberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolderhomes,from__55__oneslikeLincoln'sCottagetoyourownpostwarhome.Andefficiencyupgrades(升级)cansavemorethanjusttheearth;theycanhelp__56__propertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答。A)accommodationsB)clumsyC)doubtfulD)exceptionsE)expandF)historicG)incrediblyH)poweringI)protectJ)reducedK)replaceL)senseM)shiftedN)supplyingO)vastSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Youneverseehim,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhereyouaregoing,howfastyou'retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneisfunctioningnormally.Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomicbook.They'reknownastheblackbox.Whenplanesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswaytoComo