英语语法虚拟语气

虚假语气知识重点一、气是的一种形式，它表示人某一行或事情的见解和度。英中有三种气：述气：表示表示的作/状符合客。祁赌气：表示呼吁、命令、建、告、警示、严禁等。虚气：表示作/状不是客，而是梦想、假、推等。二、虚假语气的组成If条件句主句与未来的事①Should+原形would/should/could/might相反②wereto+原形+原形与在的事①去式+⋯would/should/could/might相反②were+⋯+原形与去的事would/should/could/might①had+去分相反+have+原形例：○与未来的事相反：1.IfProfessorLishouldhavetimetomorrow,wecouldask1himsomequestions.Ifthereshouldbenoair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theycouldn’tgoout.与此刻的事实相反：Ifitrainednow,Iwouldnotgoshopping.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.Ifitwerenotfortheirhelp,weshouldbeinaverydifficultposition.○与过去的事实相反：1.IfIhadcomeyesterday,Iwouldhaveseenhim.2.Ifwehadstartedearlier,weshouldnothavemissedthetrain.Ifshehadn’tbeenill,shemighthavecome.请注意三种特别状况：○上边的句子大多都能够改成倒装句，这时If就省略了，同学们要能鉴识出来。如：1.Shouldtherebenoair,therewouldbenolivingthings.2.Wereitnotfortheirhelp,weshouldbeinaverydifficultposition.Hadshenotbeenill,shemighthavecome.错综时间条件句。即，主句与从句所指的时间不一致。1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句指现2在，主句指去。)2.IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwithmethismorning,Iwouldnotbewetnow.(从句指去，主句指在。)○宛转条件句。即，虚的状况其实不以条件句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中。Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen-doorpolicy.3.Iwassobusythen,otherwise,Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.Wecouldhavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions.Youshouldhavebeenherefiveminutesago.三、were式虚假○It’s(about/high)timethat⋯+去式It’stimethatIpickedupmydaughter.It’shightimeweweregoing.It’shightimethatpeoplelearntEnglish.○would/hadratherthat⋯+去式I’dratheryouwenttomorrow.I’dratheryouwerehappy.3(*请注意：有时wouldrather也会接过去达成时。)I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidit.I’dratheryouhadbeenpresent.○asif+过去达成时从句动作发生在过去asthoughevenifeventhough+一般过去时从句动作发生在此刻如：1.Youlooksasifyouhadseenaghost!Hetalksasifhewereanexpertineconomics.Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.(*请注意：asif/though后的从句若表示真切状况时，用陈说语气，不用虚假语气。如：Itseemsasiftheyknoweachother.)○虚假语气用在ifonly指引的痛惜句中，今后的时态依据详细状况而定。如：1.Ifonlythedriverdidn’tdrivesofast!IfonlyIwereabird.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.wish今后的虚假语气较为复杂。4①were+⋯与在的事相反②could+原形wish与去的事相反①去达成②could+在达成与未来的事相反①would+原形如：1.IwishIwereyouagain.IwishIcouldhelpyou.Myfatherwishesthathehadgonetouniversity.IwishIcouldhavebeentherelastyear.Iwishthathewouldsettledownhere.四、be式虚假○有些形容今后的主从句用should+原形,should可省略。包括：necessary,good,important,right,wrong,better,natural,proper,funny,strange,surprising,essential,imperative,advisable,desirable,possible,probable,astonishing,desired,suggested,requested,recommended,ordered,proposal,decided,moved,incredible等。如：Itisnecessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.Itwillbedesired/suggested/decided/ordered/requestedthatshe(should)finishherhomeworkthisafternoon.5○有些名词今后的主语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。如，Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyou(should)besocareless.○有些动词今后的宾语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。包括：advise,direct,agree,ask,demand,decide,desire,insist,order,prefer,propose,request,suggest,recommend,plan,arrange,command,require,think,expect,believe,suspect,urge等。Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.Thedoctororderedshe(should)beoperated.有些名词今后的表语/同位语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。包括：suggestion,proposal,plan,motion,recommendation,demand,order,desire,request,requirement,insistence,advice,decision,idea等。如：1.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)gothereatonce.2.Whatdoyouthinkoftheproposalthatwe(should)putonaplayattheEnglishevening?○forfearthat,incase,lest等今后的状语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。如，Hehandledtheinstrumentwithcareforfearthatit(should)bedamaged.请注意：当insist表示“坚持以为”，suggest表示“表6明，显示”时，不用虚假语气。如：ThelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasquitesatisfiedwithwhatIhaddoneforhim.Heinsistedthathewashonest.○I’msorry/surprised/disappointed+从句。从句中的虚拟语气为“should+动词原形”。如;Iamsorrythatheshouldbeinsuchpoorhealth.7真题回首(共24题)2004年（2题）6.youradviceyesterday,Iwouldhavemissedthetrain.A.HadInottakenB.IfIdidn’ttakeC.IfIhaven’ttakenD.ProvidedIdidnke’tta25.Itishightimethatyoutheproblemcarefullyaboutwhatyouwilldointhefuture.A.arestudiedB.muststudyC.studiedD.study2005年（2题）12.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion.A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.willbeputoffD.shouldputoff25.Mr.Smithwouldjustratherwenow,butwemustgotowork.A.notleaveB.didn’tleaveC.arenottoleaveD.won’tleave2006年（5题）I_____alittleearlier,butImetafriendofmineontheway.(宛转条件句)A.shouldarriveB.wouldbearriving8C.couldhavearrivedD.arrived29.Iwouldratheryou_____tothepartywithher.A.goB.wentC.willgoD.hasgone33.It’shightimewe_____somethingtostoproadaccidents.A.aredoingB.didC.willdoD.do35.Itnecessary’thattheproblem_____insomewayorother.A.issettledBhasbeensettledC.besettledD.wassettled40.Iwishyou_____herelastnight.Allofuswerewaitingforyourarrival.A.cameB.hadcomeC.comeD.willcome2007年（2题）11.Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerialtoitsburningtemperature.A.isheatedB.willbeheatedC.beheatedD.wouldbeheated13.Ifhehadbeeninbetterhealth,hemorebooks.A.canwriteB.couldhavewrittenC.couldwriteD.havewritten92008年（2题）8.It’shightimeaboutthetrafficproblem.A.somethingwasdoneB.somethingisdoneC.anythingwillbedoneD.nothingtobedone21.I’mnotsurprisedyoufailedtheexam.Youhaveworkedharder.(宛转条件句)A.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.ought2009年（1题）6.Theteacherinsistedthatweourhomeworkbefore9o’clock.A.finishedB.hadfinishedC.finishD.wasfinishing2010年（2题）10.Ipassedthetest.Iitwithoutyourhelp.（宛转条件句）A.wouldnotpassB.wouldn’thavepassedC.didn’tpassD.hadnotpassed20.Itisnecessarythathethetaskbytheendofnextweek.A.fulfillB.willfulfillC.willhavefulfilledD.fulfills102011年（3题）6.rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.（虚假语气的倒装）A.WouldsheleaveB.IfsheleaveC.WereshetoleaveD.Ifshehadleft14.Idon’tthinkadvisableitthatTomtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeenassigned37.foryourhelp,wewouldn’thavesucceeded.（虚假语气的倒装）A.Hadn’titbeenB.HaditnotbeenC.IfithadbeenD.Ifitwere2013年（5题）11.Myadviceisthatshetoapologizetohim.A.goB.wentC.goesD.hasgone15.Ifittoomuchtrouble,I’dloveacupoftea.（宛转条件句）A.isn’tB.weren’tC.wasn’tD.hadn’tbeen26.Youdidn’ttakehisadvice.hisadvice,11yousuchamistake.A.Hadyoutaken;wouldn’thavemadeB.Ifyouhadtaken;wouldmakeC.Wereyoutotake;shouldn’thavemadeD.Haveyoutaken;won’thavemade28.Heasksthatheanopportunitytoexplainwhyhe’srefusedtogothere.A.isgivenB.mustgiveC.shouldgiveD.begiven29.Iamsorrythatheinsuchpoorhealth.A.areB.shallbeC.wereD.shouldbe12增补练习1.“Istillhaven’tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent.”“It’stimeyou.”A.doB.didC.hadD.would2.“Ive’toldeveryoneaboutit.”“Oh,I’dratheryou.”A.don’tB.hadn’tC.couldn’tD.wouldn’t3.“Isn’titabouttimeyoutodomorningexercises?”“Yes,itis.Wouldyouliketojoinus?”A.beginB.havebegunC.beganD.hadbegun4.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifIinlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall5.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwiseheagoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored136.Ifonlyhequietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie7.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnightforustolive.A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly8.Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shesomethingshewouldregretlater.A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid9.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifweinturn,Yousotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot10.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken11.Butforthehelpyougaveme,Itheexaminations14A.wouldhavepassed.B.wouldpassC.wouldn’thavepassedD.wouldn’tpass12.ZhangLinwasaddictedtocomputergamesduringhislastyearinhighschool,otherwiseheastudentofBeijingUniversity.A.wouldhavebeenB.shouldbeC.hasbeenD.hadbeen13.----Anyinformationaboutyourson?----No.IfonlyIthosetoughwordstohim.A.didn’tsayB.hadn’tsayC.shouldn’thavesaidD.couldn’thavesaid14.Itisimport