【步步高】2017版高考英语一轮复习语法专题第三部分句法篇专题2名词性从句素材外研版综述

专题2名词性从句核心考点精析?名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中连结词的运用名词性从句中的连结词有隶属连词that/whether/if连结代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whicheverwhere/when/why/how/wherever/wheneverthat的用法。(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能够省略。ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedon'thaveenoughmoney.Thereportthattherewillbeaseverestorminthenortherinareaisfalse.(2)一般状况下，宾语从句中的指引词that可省略，但在以下几种状况中that一般不省略:(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；(B)有多个that指引的从句时，第一个that能够省略，而其余的that常不行省略；(C)介词except,but,besides,in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；(D)当when,who,what,where,why,how等指引的从句与that指引的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwine.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.(3)that和what的差别。that指引名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what指引名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当必然的句子成分，what能够分解成定语从句中的“先行词+关系代词”，即常说的"先行词+that/which/who”。It'sashamethathehasmadesuchamistake.IwilldowhatIcan(do)tohelphim.(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的差别。同位语从句中的连结词that只起连结作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。若是句子是同位语从句，就应用连结词that而不能够用which。同位语从句一般放在表详尽含义的名词后讲解说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词:news,fact,suggestion,truth,plan,belief,doubt,possibilityidea等，而定语从句可是对先行词的限制和修饰。1TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)2定语从ThehopethattheyexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(句)2．whether和if的用法。(1)whether和if在宾语从句中能够互换，但是作介词宾语时连结词一般用whether。Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.(2)后边直接跟ornot时用whether。Ididn'tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.(3)主语从句、表语从句中只好用whether。Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.(4)whether能够指引同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能够。Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能够这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能够。Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.(6)间接宾语位于句首时也许间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。Thankyou，butwhetherI'llbefreeI'mnotsureatthemoment.(7)whether可指引一个退步状语从句表示“无论”、“无论”，而if不能够。Whetherhecomesornot，wewillbeginourpartyontime.3．“疑问词＋ever”和“nomatter＋疑问词”的差别。“疑问词＋ever”可指引名词性从句，在主从句中要充当必然的成分。Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.“疑问词＋ever”还可指引退步状语从句。Whoeverbreakstherule，hemustbepunished.Whateveryoudo，youmustdoitwell.“nomatter＋疑问词”只好指引退步状语从句。Nomatterwhatyoudo，youmustputyourheartintoit.Nomatterwhocomeslate，hemustbepunished.when和where指引的同位语从句与定语从句的差别。when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where指引的是定语从句，否3则为同位语从句。Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.(同位语从句)4Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.(定语从句)?主语从句的核心考点1．主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都能够用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2.that指引主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不行省；what指引的主语从句表示"...........的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。Thatshewillsucceediscertain.TItiscertainthatshewillsucceed.Whatheneedsismoreexperience.常有的it代替that指引的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certainclear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句Itiscertainthatmostofthefarmershavebroughtinmoremoneybyallmeans.(2)lt+be+名词(短语)(apity,ashame,goodnews,afact,anhonour,awonder,nowonder等)＋that从句It'snowonderthatyou'veachievedsomuchsuccess.(3)It+be+过去分词(said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,rememberedthoughtconsideredwell-knownannounced等)＋that从句Itissaidthattheprofessorhasalreadysucceededincarryingouttheexperiment.(4)It＋特别动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that从句IthappenedtomethatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.注意：⑴在"Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural...＋that句谓语常用“(should＋)动词原形”形式。从句”(2)在"It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，that从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。?宾语从句的核心考点1.动词的宾语从句(1)大多数动词(hope，tell，say等)能够带宾语从句。WeallexpectthattheywillwinIdon'tthinkyouareright.Idon'tsupposehecares，(2)动词find，feel，think，作

formembersoftheirteamarestronger.doeshe?consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it5形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.(3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这种动词(短语)有hate,enjoy,like，love，dislike，seeto等。1hateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfull.2?一般状况下介词后只好用wh-类连结词指引宾语从句。Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.注意：(1)where指引的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。Wecouldseethetemplequiteclearlyfromwherewelived.that指引的从句作介词的宾语是极稀有的,只有在except,in,but等介词后有时可能用到。Yourcompositionisquitegoodexceptthattheorganizationisabitloose.(3)sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等表示“感情”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。I'msurethattheywillmakeitinspiteoftheterribleweather.?表语从句的核心考点1.主句的主语是idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚构语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)changeourcourse.2.主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连结词要用that，而不用why或because。Thereasonforsuchaseriousaccidentisthatthedriverwastoocarelessanddranktoomuch.because,asif,asthough,as,like等连结词也可指引表语从句。Hehaslungdisease.Thatisbecausehehasbeensmokingtoomuch.?同位语从句的核心考点同位语从句是用以讲解说明某一名词的内容的从句。1.能接同位语从句的名词有：belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought等。同位语从句一般用that指引，但也能够用连结代词(what,which,who)、连结副词(when,where,why,how)或whether指引。Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被其余词分开。ThestorygoesthatWilliamTelldidkillthekingwiththatsword.6名词性从句在高考中的应用?名词性从句与语法填空在语法填空题中主要考察名词性从句中的连结词。名词性从句包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，其连结词一般不行省略（宾语从句中的that可省略）。【典题试做1】在空白处填入合适的连结词1.Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlythicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.（2015?全国n）答案how解析解析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。依据形容词thick及结构可知这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙确实切厚度。故填how。2.Ididn'tunderstandthiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedforthereservation.（2014?广东）答案why解析考察宾语从句中的连结词。“我”不知道/不理解_____________会发生这样的事情。不理解的必然是原由，故用why指引。3.________isimportantisthatweletothersknowwecareaboutthem.（2012?湖南）答案What解析设空处指引主语从句且在从句中充当主语，应用what。4.Overthenextseveralmonths,myprofessortaughtmeonestorywassomuchbetterthantheother.Onewasrichinmetaphor（隐喻）andcharacterdevelopment,whiletheotherwashumorousbuttooshallow.（2011?湖南）答案why解析考察宾语从句中的连结词。依据后句可知，“我的教授教给我为何一个故事比另一个更好的原由”，故填why。5.Foronething,parentshavetimetothinkabouttheywanttosaybeforetheywrite.（2010?湖南）答案what7解析考察宾语从句中的连结词。设空处指引宾语从句且在从句中作say的宾语，故填what。【应付策略1】若含有两个主谓结构的句子之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那么空格处必然填连结词，若此中一个分句作另一个句子的成分，注意依据成分关系确立相应的复合从句，再依据从句中缺何成分确立连结词。?名词性从句与短文改错短文改错中对于名词性从句的考察主要涉及连结词使用不妥，缺乏连结词以及what与that、which混用等。【典题试做2】单句改错（每题1处错误）1.Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.（2015?全国n）答案去掉where或where^that解析句意为：他转过身发现父亲母亲不见了。由句意可知宾语从句句意完好，因此应该用that指引从句或省略。2.HowdoyouthinkIshoulddo?（2015?四川）答案How^What解析考察宾语从句中疑问词的选择。本句中do此后缺乏宾语，故用what。3.Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingorhurt,tellyourteacherimmediately.（2014?四川）答案去掉when解析考察宾语从句中连结词。that后为陈述式的宾语从句，作notice的宾语。4Hehasruinedhishealth.Weareworriedabouthim.”Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.（2013?辽宁）答案whichTwhat解析考察表语从句中的连结词。what作say的宾语，指其余老师说话的内容。5.ThisishowIneedtoimproveinthefuture.（2013?大纲全国）how^what/where【应付策略2】对于名词性从句中连结词的考察，注意第一判断两个单句之间可否有连结词，再依据不同样的句式结构，判断连结词可否运用正确。解题时，能够注意以下几个方面：（1）掌握前后两句话之间的连结关系进行判断是何从句，再依据连结词在句中作何成分，判断正误；8⑵注意which与that,which与what,whether与if以及其余wh-连结词的用法差别。?书面表达中名词性从句易错点聚焦.语序问题（误）Thesepicturesshowyouwhatdoesourvillagelooklike._________（正）Thesepicturesshowyouwhatourvillagelookslike.此处宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序，而不是特别疑问句的语序。（误）Doyouthinkwhichoftheseisthemostusefulinvention?（正）Whichofthesedoyouthinkisthemostusefulinvention?在疑问语气中，宾语从句的连结词应担当特别疑问词的角色位于句首。2.what和that的运用（误［Americawasth_wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.（正［Americawaswhatwasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.在名词性从句中，连结词that既不作任何句子成分，也没有意义；而连结代词what则相反,它既充当从句的骨干成分也有其自己的意义。别的，我们能够把what讲解为：the+名词+that/which。whether和if的运用（误）Ifwe'llholdthepartyhasnotbeendecidedyet.（正）Whetherwe'llholdthepartyhasnotbeendecidedyet.whether适用于任何状况；if（作“可否”讲）仅限于动词宾语从句中，但discuss,decide等动词后的宾语从句除外。.连结词的使用易受汉语搅乱（误）ThereasonwhyIwaslateisbecauseIwastrappedinthetrafficjam.（正）ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatIwastrappedinthetrafficjam.经过提取简化可得出：Thereasonisbecause...在英语中这显然造成了重复现象。模拟加强练.单句语法填空1.weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.答案How解析解析句子结构可知"____________weunderstandthings”为主语从句，主语从句中主谓宾成分齐全，结合句意可知，此处缺乏方式状语。故填how。2.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat'snotshipsarebuiltfor.9答案what解析that'snot后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺乏宾语，用what指引，what与for连用，表示目的。what在句中既作表语从句的连结词又作从句中for的宾语。故填what。—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoidea_______________hedidit；that'soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.答案why解析答句句意为：是的，但我不知道他为何那样做，那是他最喜爱的大学之一。hedidit作idea的同位语，由句意可知表示原由，故填why。Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswonderedtheboywoulddo.答案what解析设空处既作宾语从句的连结词又作从句中do的宾语，故填what。5.Itdoesn'tmatteryouturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.答案whether解析句意为：你在十字路口往右拐仍是往左拐都没关紧迫一一两条路都通往公园。考察主语从句。依据句意及or可知此处用whether组成固定搭配whether...or...（是......还是...）。if一般不指引主语从句。6.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoosesuitsyoubest.答案whichever解析句意为：这里有五门课程供你选择，你能够自由选择任何一门最合适你的。本题考察宾语从句。从句中缺乏主语成分。且题干中已给出选择的范围asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided，故用whichever。7.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelthecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.答案that解析句意为：Jerry其实不后悔作了评论，可是感觉他本能够用不同样的方式表达出来。本题考察宾语从句。宾语从句句子完好，不缺乏句子成分，故用that指引。8.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthemeetingwouldbepostponed.10答案that解析句意为：下午2点左右，有人通知说会议要推延了。本题考察同位语从句。camearoundtwointheafternoon把名词notice与其同位语从句分分开来，增添了题目的难度。同位语从句结构完好，不缺乏任何成分，因此用连结词that指引。9.Afarmeronceorganizedacompetitionbetweenhisdogandhisrabbit.Hedugaholeinoneofhisbiggestfields,andhidacarrotandaboneinit.Hewantedtoseeanimalwouldfindthemfirst.答案which解析农民想看看狗和兔子哪一个先找到胡萝卜和骨头。10.Itcanbereallyupsettryingtoaskforsomethinginastoreortotellthetaxidriveryouaregoing.答案where解析此处where指引宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语。n.单句改错（每题1处错误）1.ThatBarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.答案ThatTWhat2.Itwasneverclearwhetherthemanhadn'treportedtheaccidentsooner.答案whetherTwhyItisstillunderdiscussioniftheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.答案ifTwhether4.Theshockingnewsmademerealizehowterribleproblemswewouldface.答案how^what5.Thevillagershavealreadyknownwhichwe'lldoistorebuildthebridge.答案whichTwhat6.Whatheshoulddoishestaysathomeandwaitsforhismotherfromwork.答案is此后加that7.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasbecausehisbikewentwrong.答案becauseTthat8.I'dliketostartmyownbusiness—that'showI'ddoifIhadthemoney.答案how^whatHecamelate.Thatwashegotuplate.11答案was此后力口becauseThequestionthatwhysomanypeoplewouldchoosetoliveinthecountrysidebuttoworkinthecityisstillunderdiscussion.答案去掉that川.语法填空A（名词性从句专练）1.WhatworriesmyclassmateMaryalotthesedaysis2.thatsheputsontoomuchweightandsheisfrequentlyill.Shehassomedoubts3.whethersheeatstoomuchfastfoodhighinfatorsugar.Also,withthecollegeentranceexaminationapproaching,shebecomesmorestressfulandshecan'tsleepwellthesedays.Maybethisis4.whyshebecomesfatterthesedays,shethinks.5.Howshebecomesslimmerandhealthierhasbeenhermaintask.Soshewantstoconsultsomeexpertsandgainsomeinstructions.Butwhereshecouldgetbettersuggestionsand6.whowillgiveherbetteradvicealsopuzzleher.Itisherparents'suggestion7