2023年大学英语四级试题及参考答案

12月大学英语四级试题及参照答案

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Whatelectivestochoose

1.各大学开设了多种各样旳选修课

2.学生由于多种因素选择了不同旳选修课

3.以你自己为例……

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

UniversitiesBranchOut

Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.

Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself-consciouslyglobal:seekingstudentsformaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative(合伙旳)researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.

Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.

Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships(实习)abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity-andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.

Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinchina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.

Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基本设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.

Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticianrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.

Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.Universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.

MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand–likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory-strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent-dayuniversitieshavebecome_________.

A)moreandmoreresearch-oriented

B)in-servicetrainingorganizations

C)morepopularizedthaneverbefore

D)apowerfulforceforglobalintegration

2.Overthepastthreedecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreased__________.

A)by2.5million

B)by800,000

C)atanannualrateof3.9percent

D)atanannualrateof8percent

3.IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?

A)10%

B)20%

C)30%

D)38%

4.HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?

A)Theyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomy.

B)Theyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpolitics.

C)TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogram.

D)Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.

5.Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities’globalizationis__________.

A)Yale’scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearch

B)Yale’shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojects

C)Yale’sstudentsexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutions

D)Yale’sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworld

6.WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage?

A)IthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.

B)ItisknowntobethebirthplaceofMicrosoftCompany.

C)ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity.

D)ItiswheretheInternetinfrastructurewasbuiltup.

7.WhatissaidabouttheU.S.federalfundingforresearch?

A)Ithasincreasedby3percent.

B)Ithasbeenunsteadyforyears.

C)Ithasbeenmorethansufficient.

D)Itdoubledbetween1998and.

8.ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.S.afterSeptember11wascausedby____.

9.ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetitivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowill_____.

10.ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayand___.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

11.A)Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.

B)Shewaspopularamongboys.

C)Shewassomewhatoverweight.

D)Shedidn’tdowellathighschool.

12.A)Attheairport.

B)Inarestaurant.

C)Inabookingoffice.

D)Atthehotelreception.

13.A)Teachinghersonbyherself.

B)Havingconfidenceinherson.

C)Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.

D)Tellinghersonnottoworry.

14.A)Haveashortbreak.

B)Taketwoweeksoff.

C)Continueherworkoutdoors.

D)Goonvacationwiththeman.

15.A)Heistakingcareofhistwinbrother.

B)Hehasbeenfeelingillallweek.

C)HeisworriedaboutRod’shealth.

D)Hehasbeeninperfectcondition.

16.A)Shesoldallherfurniturebeforeshemovedhouse.

B)Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse.

C)Sheplantstoputallheroldfurnitureinthebasement.

D)SheboughtanewsetoffurniturefromItalylastmonth.

17.A)Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn’treturnthebook.

B)Thewomandoesn’tseemtoknowwhatthebookisabout.

C)Thewomandoesn’tfindthebookusefulanymore.

D)Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman.

18.A)Mostoftheman’sfriendsareathletes.

B)Fewpeoplesharethewoman’sopinion.

C)Themandoesn’tlooklikeasportsman.

D)Thewomandoubtstheman’sathleticability.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.

B)Sheisgoingtogetitattheairport.

C)Shehasprobablyleftitinataxi.

D)Sheisafraidthatshehaslostit.

20.A)Itendsinwinter.

B)Itwillcostheralot.

C)Itwilllastoneweek.

D)Itdependsontheweather.

21.A)Theplaneistakingoffsoon.

B)Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.

C)Theremightbeatrafficjam.

D)Thereisalotofstufftopack.

22.A)Athome.

B)Attheairport.

C)Intheman’scar.

D)Bythesideofataxi.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Sheisthirstyforpromotion.

B)Shewantsamuchhighersalary.

C)Sheistiredofherpresentwork.

D)Shewantstosavetravelexpenses.

24.A)Translator.

B)Travelagent.

C)Languageinstructor.

D)Environmentalengineer.

25.A)Livelypersonalityandinquiringmind.

B)Communicationskillsandteamspirit.

C)Devotionandworkefficiency.

D)Educationandexperience.

SectionB

PassageOne

Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.A)Theycarealotaboutchildren.

B)Theyneedlookingafterintheiroldage.

C)Theywanttoenrichtheirlifeexperience.

D)Theywantchildrentokeepthemcompany.

27.A)Theyareusuallyadoptedfromdistantplaces.

B)Theirbirthinformationisusuallykeptsecret.

C)Theirbirthparentsoftentrytoconcealtheirbirthinformation.

D)Theiradoptiveparentsdon’twantthemtoknowtheirbirthparents.

28.A)Theygenerallyholdbadfeelingstowardstheirbirthparents.

B)Theydonotwanttohurtthefeelingsoftheiradoptiveparents.

C)Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.

D)Theyarefullyawareoftheexpensesinvolvedinthesearch.

29.A)Earlyadoptionmakesforcloserparent-childrelationship.

B)Mostpeopleprefertoadoptchildrenfromoverseas.

C)Understandingisthekeytosuccessfuladoption.

D)Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.

PassageTwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30.A)Hesufferedfrommentalillness.

B)HeboughtTheWashingtonPost.

C)Heturnedafailingnewspaperintoasuccess.

D)Hewasonceareporterforamajornewspaper.

31.A)ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.S.publishingcompany.

B)ShegotherfirstjobasateacherattheUniversityofChicago.

C)Shecommittedsuicidebecauseofhermentaldisorder.

D)Shetookoverherfather’spositionwhenhedied.

32.A)Peoplecametoseetheroleofwomeninthebusinessworld.

B)KatharineplayedamajorpartinreshapingAmericans’mind.

C)AmericanmediawouldbequitedifferentwithoutKatharine.

D)Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.

PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.A)It’llenablethemtoenjoythebestmedicalcare.

B)It’llallowthemtoreceivefreemedicaltreatment.

C)It’llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.

D)It’llpreventthedoctorsfromoverchargingthem.

34.A)Theycan’timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.

B)Theyhavetogothroughverycomplicatedapplicationprocedures.

C)Theycanonlyvisitdoctorwhospeaktheirnativelanguages.

D)Theymaynotbeabletoreceivetimelymedicaltreatment.

35.A)Theydon’thavetopayforthemedicalservices.

B)Theyneedn’tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.

C)Theymustsendthereceiptstotheinsurancecompanypromptly.

D)Theyhavetopayamuchhigherpricetogetaninsurancepolicy.

SectionC

Moreandmoreoftheworld’spopulationarelivingintownsorcities.Thespeedatwhichcitiesaregrowinginthelessdevelopedcountriesis(36)________.Between1920and1960bigcitiesindevelopedcountries(37)________twoandahalftimesinsize,butinotherpartsoftheworldthegrowthwaseighttimestheirsize.

The(38)_________sizeofgrowthisbadenough,buttherearenowalsovery(39)_________signsoftroubleinthe(40)___________ofpercentagesofpeoplelivingintownsandpercentagesofpeopleworkinginindustry.Duringthenineteenthcenturycitiesgrewasaresultofthegrowthofindustry.InEuropethe(41)___________ofpeoplelivingincitieswasalwayssmallerthanthatofthe(42)__________workinginfactories.Now,however,the(43)____________isalmostalwaystrueinthenewlyindustrializedworld:(44)________.

Withoutabaseofpeopleworkinginindustry,thesecitiescannotpayfortheirgrowth;(45)_____________.Therehasbeenlittleopportunitytobuildwatersuppliesorotherfacilities.(46)__________________agrowthinthenumberofhopelessanddespairingparentsandstarvingchildren.

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Question47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Aswarspreadstomanycornersoftheglobe,childrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecenterofconflicts.InAfghanistan,Bosnia,andColombia,however,groupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation47.Thechildren,afterlearningtoresolveconflicts,tookonthe

48

ofpeacemakers.TheChildren’sMovementforPeaceinColombiawasevennominated(提名)fortheNobelPeacePrizein1998.Groupsofchildren49

aspeacemakersstudiedhumanrightsandpovertyissuesinColombia,eventuallyformingagroupwithfiveotherschoolsinBogotaknownasTheSchoolsofPeace.

Theclassroom50

opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith51,peacefulones.Itisintheclassroomthatcaringandrespectforeachpersonempowerschildrentotakeastep52

towardbecomingpeacemakers.Fortunately,educatorshaveaccesstomanyonlineresourcesthatare53

usefulwhenhelpingchildrenalongthepathtopeace.TheYoungPeacemakersCampaign.TheWorldCentersofCompassionforChildrenInternationalcallattentiontochildren’srightsandhowtohelpthe55

ofwar.StartingaPeacemakers’Clubisapraiseworthyventureforaclassandonethatcouldspreadtootherclassroomsandideallyaffectthecultureofthe56

school.

A)acting

B)assuming

C)comprehensive

D)cooperative

E)entire

F)especially

G)forward

H)images

I)information

J)offers

K)projects

L)respectively

M)role

N)technology

O)victims

SectionB

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Byalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning(DL),andamongthelargerschools,it’scloserto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven’theardoftheUniversityofPhoenix.Itgrantsdegreesentirelyonthebasisofonlineinstruction.Itenrolls90,000students,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestprivateuniversityinthecountry.

Whilethekindsofinstructionofferedintheseprogramswilldiffer,DLusuallysignifiesacourseinwhichtheinstructorspostsyllabi(课程大纲),readingassignments,andschedulesonWebsites,andstudentssendintheirassignmentsbye-mail.Generallyspeaking,face-to-facecommunicationwithaninstructorisminimizedoreliminatedaltogether.

Theattractionforstudentsmightatfirstseemobvious.Primarily,there’stheconveniencepromisedbycoursesontheNet:youcandothework,astheysay,inyourpajamas(睡衣).Butfiguresindicatethatthereducedeffortresultsinareducedcommitmenttothecourse.WhiledropoutratesforallfreshmenatAmericanuniversitiesisaround20percent,therateforonlinestudentsis35percent.Studentsthemselvesseemtounderstandtheweaknessesinherentinthesetup.InasurveyconductedforeCornell,theDLdivisionofCornellUniversity,lessthanathirdoftherespondentsexpectedthequalityoftheonlinecoursetobeasgoodastheclassroomcourse.

Clearly,fromtheschools’perspective,there’salotofmoneytobesaved.Althoughsomeofthemoreambitiousprogramsrequirenewinvestmentsinseversandnetworkstosupportcollaborativesoftware,mostDLcoursescanrunonexistingorminimallyupgraded(升级)systems.Themorestudentswhoenrollinacoursebutdon’tcometocampus,themoretheschoolssavesonkeepingthelightsonintheclassrooms,payingdoorkeepers,andmaintainingparkinglots.And,whilethere’sevidencethatinstructorsmustworkhardertorunaDLcourseforavarietyofreasons,theywon’tbepaidanymore,andmightwellbepaidless.

57.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix?

A)Allitscoursesareofferedonline.

B)Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality.

C)Itboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampus.

D)Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.

58.Accordingtothepassage,distancelearningisbasicallycharacterizedby_________.

A)aconsiderableflexibilityinitsacademicrequirements

B)thegreatdiversityofstudents’academicbackgrounds

C)aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstruction

D)thecasualrelationshipbetweenstudentsandprofessors

59.ManystudentstakeInternet-basedcoursesmainlybecausetheycan________.

A)earntheiracademicdegreeswithmuchlesseffort

B)saveagreatdealontravelingandboardingexpense

C)selectcoursesfromvariouscollegesanduniversities

D)workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever

60.Whataccountsforthehighdrop-outratesforonlinestudents?

A)Thereisnostrictcontrolovertheacademicstandardsofthecourses.

B)Theevaluationsystemusedbyonlineuniversitiesisinherentlyweak.

C)Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.

D)Lackofclassroominteractionreducestheeffectivenessofinstruction.

61.Accordingtothepassage,universitiesshowgreatenthusiasmforDLprogramsforthepurposeof________.

A)buildinguptheirreputation

B)cuttingdownontheirexpenses

C)upgradingtheirteachingfacilities

D)providingconvenienceforstudents

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyear.

AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontests,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastorytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn’twinthecontestagain?That’sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.

Arevelation(启示)camelastweekwhenIaskedher,“Don’tyouwanttowinagain?”“No,”shereplied,“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”

Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously(自发地)toldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall.Iofferedsuggestionsfirstgradewasquickly“guided”bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfirstmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.

Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIknowlittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade.IhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting(借用)mydaughter’sexperience.

Whilesteepingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.

62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A)Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivities.

B)Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime.

C)Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting.

D)Alotofdistractionscompeteforchildren’stimenowadays.

63.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience?

A)Shedidnotquireliveuptoherreputationasawriter.

B)Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.

C)Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore.

D)Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers.

64.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear’swritingcontest?

A)Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting.

B)Shewassureofwinningwithhermother’shelp.

C)Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.

D)Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.

65.Theauthortookgreatpainstorefineherdaughter’sstoriesbecause___________.

A)shebelievedshehadtheknowledgeandexperiencetoofferguidance.

B)shedidnotwanttodisappointRebeccawhoneededherhelpsomuch

C)shewantedtohelpRebeccarealizeherdreamofbecomingawriter

D)shewasafraidRebecca’simaginationmightrunwildwhilewriting

66.What’stheauthor’sadviceforparents?

A)Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursuer.

B)Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.

C)Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheirkidsengagein.

D)Childrenshouldbegiveneverychancetovoicetheiropinions.

PartIV

Cloze

(15minutes)

Onefactorthatcaninfluenceconsumersistheirmoodstate.Moodmaybedefined

67

atemporaryandmildpositiveornegativefeelingthatisgeneralizeandnottied68

anyparticularcircumstance.Moodsshouldbe69

formemotionswhichareusuallymoreintense,70

tospecificcircumstances,andoftenconscious.71

onesense,theeffectofaconsumer’smoodcanbethoughtofin72

thesamewayascanourreactionstothe73

ofourfriends---whenourfriendsarehappyand“up”,thattendstoinfluenceuspositively,74

whentheyare“down”,thatcanhavea75

impactonus.Similarly,consumersoperatingundera76

moodstatetendtoreacttostimuli(刺激因素)inadirection77

withthatmoodstate.Thus,forexample,weshouldexpecttosee78

inapositivemoodstateevaluateproductsinmoreofa79

mannerthantheywouldwhennotinsuchastate.80,moodstatesappearcapableof81

aconsumer’smemory.

Moodsappeartobe82

influencedbymarketingtechniques.Forexample,therhythm,pitch,and83

ofmusichasbeenshowntoinfluencebehaviorsuchasthe84

oftimespentinsupermarketsor85

topurchaseproducts.Inaddition,advertisingcaninfluenceconsumers’moodswhich,in86,arecapableofinfluencingconsumers’reactionstoproducts.

67.A)as

B)about

C)by

D)with

68.A)over

B)under

C)to

D)up

69.A)derived

B)descended

C)divided

D)distinguished

70.A)related

B)referred

C)attached

D)associated

71.A)On

B)In

C)Of

D)By

72.A)thus

B)much

C)even

D)still

73.A)signal

B)gesture

C)view

D)behavior

74.A)for

B)but

C)unless

D)provided

75.A)relative

B)decisive

C)negative

D)sensitive

76.A)given

B)granted

C)fixed

D)driven

77.A)resistant

B)persistent

C)insistent

D)consistent

78.A)consumers

B)businessmen

C)serious

D)manufacturers

79.A)casual

B)critical

C)serious

D)favorable

80.A)However

B)Otherwise

C)Mo