英语跨文化交际

Individualismvs．CollectivismWPS演示助您快速创建极具感染力的演示文稿，打造令人震撼的影院效果。WPS演示助您快速创建极具感染力的演示文稿，打造令人震撼的影院效果。Definition&ComparisonCasesandAnalysesIntroductioncataloguePartOneIntroductionGeertHofstedeNationality：DutchOccupation：socialpsychologistNotablework："Culture'sConsequences""CulturesandOrganizations:SoftwareoftheMind"Self-ConsciousnessInterpersonalrelationshipLife-styleWayofthinkingFamilyphotoFilmEditthetextwithyourownshortphrases.Theanimationisalreadydoneforyou;justcopyandpastetheslideintoyourexistingpresentation.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Whenpeopleareofonemindandheart,theycanmoveMt.Tai.(人心齐，泰山移)Don’tquarrelwithyourbreadandbutter.(不要做违背自己利益的事情)Toworrybeforethecommonpeopleworries;toenjoyonlyafterthepeoplecanenjoy.(先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐)Individualism:Collectivism:"I"consciousnessHeroismPersonalsuccessSelf-relianceSelf-centeredpersonal-orientatio（个人倾向的）…"We"consciousnessHarmonyLoyaltyUnityimplication（含蓄）Group-orientation（集体倾向的）…PartTwoDefinition&ComparisonDefinition这里输入小标题WPS演示助您快速创建极具感染力的演示文稿，打造令人震撼的影院效果。WPS演示助您快速创建极具感染力的演示文稿，打造令人震撼的影院效果。ComparisonDefinitionsofIndividualismIndividualismisthemoralstance,politicalphilosophy,ideology,orsocialoutlookthatstresses"themoralworthoftheindividual".——WikipediaIndividualismpertains（属于）to

societiesinwhichthetiesbetween

individualsareloose.Everyoneisexpectedtolookafterhimselforherselfandhisorherimmediatefamily——HofstedeIndividualism1>Thequalityofbeingdifferentfromotherpeopleanddoingthingsinyourownway2>Thebeliefthatindividualpeopleinsocietyshouldhavetherighttomaketheirowndecisions,etc.ratherthantobecontrolledbythegovernment——OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionaryDefinitionsofCollectivismCollectivism

isanyphilosophic,political,religious,economic,orsocialoutlookthatemphasizesthe

interdependence

ofeveryhuman.——WikipediaCollectivismpertainstosocietiesinwhichpeoplefrombirthonwardsareintegratedintostrongcohesivein-groups,whichthroughoutpeople‘slifetimecontinuetoprotecttheminexchangeforunquestioningloyalty——HofstedeCollectivismthepoliticalsysteminwhichallfarms,businessesandindustriesareownedbythegovernmentorbyallthepeople.

——OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionaryU.S.A1China36Australia2Thailand

35GreatBritain3Singapore

34Canada4Japan

22Netherlands5India21RankingofIndividualismComparison1:attitudesandbehaviorsAttitudesandbehaviorsIndividualismCollectivismSelfEachpersonisseparatefromeachother;childrenlearntothinkintermsof“I”Eachpersonispartofagroup;childrenlearntothinkintermsof“we”SocialvalueSpeakyourmindandtellthetruthMaintainharmonyandavoidconfrontations(对抗)StrangersValuemeetingnewpeople;meetthemeasilyFormalanddistantwithstrangersCooperationOccurswithingroupsaswellasbetweengroupsCooperatewithmembersofin-groupsbutnotwithmembersofout-groupsDecision-makingPersonalfreedomismoreimportantEqualityismoreimportantthanpersonalfreedomPartThreeCasesandAnalysesCaseOne（TheAmericanmanagerpraisesoneJapaneseemployeeinfrontofhisgroup．）American：Mr．Sugimoto，Ihavenoticedthatyouaredoinganexcellentjobontheassemblyline．Ihopethattheotherworkersnoticehowitshouldbedone．Japanese：（Heisuneasy．）Praiseisnotnecessary．Iamonlydoingmyjob．（HehopesthattheotherJapaneseworkersdonothear．）American：Youarethebest，mostexcellentanddedicatedworkerwehaveeverhadattheJonesCorporation．Japanese：（Heblushesandnodshisheadseveraltimes，andkeepsworking．）American：Well，areyougoingtosay“Thankyou”，Mr．Sugimono，orjustremainsilent？Japanese：Excuseme，Mr．Jones．MayIleaveforfiveminutes？American：Sure．（HeisannoyedandwatchesSugimonoexit．）Ican‘tbelievehowrudesomeJapaneseworkersare．Theyseemtobedisturbedbypraiseanddon’tansweryou．．．justremainsilent．CaseTwo（JeanaskedtheJapaneseplantdirectoraboutwhichemployeehadmadetheerror．Hadshebeenidentified？Whatactionwasbeingtakenagainsther？）American：Shewasamazedwhenthedirectorclaimednottoknow．Japanese：“Thewholeworkgrouphasacceptedresponsibility，”hetoldher．“Astothespecificwomanresponsible，theyhavenottoldme，notdidIask．Eventhefloorsupervisordoesnotknowandifhedid，hewouldnottellmeeither．”

American：Butifeveryoneisresponsiblethenineffectnooneis，Jean

argued．Theyaresimplyprotectingeachother‘sbadwork．Japanese：“Thisisnothowweseeit．”Theplantmanager

waspolitebutfirm．“Iunderstandthewomanconcernedwassoupsetwhenshewenthome．Shetriedtoresign．Twoofherco-workershadtocoaxherbackagain．Thegroupknowsthatsheisnewandthattheydidnothelpherenough，orlooksoutforherorseethatshewasproperlytrained．Thisiswhythewholegrouphasapologized．Ihavetheirletterhere．Theyarewillingtoapologizetoyoupublicly．”American：“No，no．Idon’twantthat，”saidJean．“Iwanttostopithappeningagain⋯”shewonderedwhatsheshoulddo．questionWhydidtheyhavedifferentattitudeaboutpraiseandcriticism?individualinnovationto