高中语法 过去完成时

Unit3AmazingpeopleGrammarandusage主讲人：翟苗苗

2010年3月30日perfecttense（完成时）presentperfecttense（现在完成时）pastperfecttense（过去完成时）futureperfecttense（将来完成时）presentperfecttense:form:

have/hasdonemainusage过去的动作对现在的影响或结果。（just,already）过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，还可能继续。（for,since）e.g.Ihaveboughtapen.

（结果：Ihaveapennow.)

Theyhavelivedherefortenyears.(结果：Theystilllivehere.)Howlonghavetheybeenmarried?(结果：Theyarecouplesnow.)Comparethepresentperfecttensewiththepasttense.1.两者都表示过去的动作，但过去完成时表示的是过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，过去时只表示有过去有这一动作。Helockedthedoor.他锁过门。（现在门是开是关不清楚）Hehaslockedthedoor.他把门锁上了。（门现在仍锁着）Whoturnedonthelight?谁开的灯？（强调开灯的动作，不管现在灯是开是关）Whohasturnedonthelight?谁把灯打开的？（着眼开灯的结果，即现在灯还是亮着）2.两者都表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作，现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续，而一般过去时则说明该动作已结束。HehaslivedinWuhufortenyears.他已在芜湖住了十年了。（现在仍住那里）HelivedinWuhufortenyears.他在芜湖住过十年。（现在不在芜湖住了）Notes:现在完成时不可和具体的表示过去的时间状语如：justnow,yesterday,aminuteago,lastyear等连用。但可与just,recently,never,always,often等连用。pastperfecttense（过去完成时）过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。构成：had+done将来现在过去某时过去的过去过去完成时现在完成时IhadstudiedEnglishbeforeIcame

here.2.He

hadjustfinished

hisworkwhentheteacherreturnedfromtheoffice.3.Theycame

earlierthanwehadexpected.4.SoonIrealized

thatIhadmadeamistake.5.Bythetimehearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Whendoweusethepastperfecttense?1.Weusethepastperfecttensewhenwewanttotalkaboutsomethingthathappenedatan

evenearliertimeinthepast.e.g.Uponenteringthetomb,Carter’sluckypetbird,whichhadledhimtotheplace,

waseatenbyasnake.Ireturned

thebookthatIhadborrowed.Heshowedmethepoemsthathehadwritten.Shehadgonetobedby9o’clocklastnight.

He

learned

Frenchallbyhimselfbytheageof16.Thefilmhad

already

begunwhenwegottothecinema.2.Wecanalsousethepastperfecttensein

reportedspeechtoreferanactionthathadalreadyhappenedatthetimeofspeaking.‘Weemptiedthetombofeverythingitcontained,’saidCarter.Cartersaidthattheyhademptiedthetombofeverythingitcontained.Notes:

间接引语中的时态要与主句的时态保持一致。

Tinasaid,“Iusuallygetupatsix.”Tinasaidsheusuallygotupatsix.一般现在时变一般过去时。Tinasaidthat,“I

havereadthatbook.”Tinasaidthatshehadreadthatbook.现在完成时变为过去完成时。Tomsaid,“I

wenttoBeijingamonthago”.Tom

saidthathehadgonetoBeijingamonthbefore.Thedoctorasked,“what

didyoueat”?Thedoctoraskedwhathehadeaten.一般过去时变为过去完成时。3.Theuseofthepastperfecttensesimplyindicatesthatanactioncomesbefore

anotherpastaction.

IhaddonemyhomeworkthismorningbeforeIwenttothemuseum.He

hadalreadyfinished

hisworkbefore

ninethismorning.4.Weoftenusethepastperfecttensewithtimeexpressionssuchaswhen,after,before,

assoonas,until,since,by,for,andalready.

ThenafewmonthsafterCarterhadopened

thetomb,LordCarnarvonfellillwithafeveranddied.HowardCarterhadreceivedmoneyfromLordCarnarvon

beforehemadehismostamazingdiscovery.Had

hegone

homewhenyouarrived?Bythetimehewassix,theboyhadlearned300words.Shesaidshehadmademanyfriendssinceshecamehere.一般过去时表示过去时间的动作或状态。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，即它表示的是“过去的过去”。IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.过去完成时与一般过去时的比较：Bythetimehewastwelve,Edison_____tomakealivingbyhimself.A.wouldbeginB.hasbegunC.hadbegunD.wasbegun2.Thatdinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe_______________.A.wouldhaveB.havehadC.hadneverhadD.hadeverhad3.She_____Robertforayear.A.married

C.hasbeenmarriedwithB.marriedwith

D.hasbeenmarriedtoCDDDotheexercisesonpage49.AmeliaEarhartwasbornon24thJuly1897.Shehadanexcitingchildhood.BeforeshemovedtoDesMoines,she⑴_____

already_____

herfirstaeroplane.She⑵

_____homeagain,backtoChicago,sixyearslater.SheworkedasanurseintheFirstWorldWarandbecameinterestedinflying.She⑶_____

already_____

flyinglessonsbeforesheboughtherfirstplane.Thenherinterestinflyingreallybegantogrow.In1929,sheorganizedanairraceforwomen.Ayearearlier,she⑷_____

thefirstwomanairpassengertoflyacrosstheAtlantic

hadseenmovedhadtakenhadbecomeShemarriedGeorgePutnamin1931.They⑸_____threeyearsbeforewhenheinterviewedherinNewYork.In1932,shebecamethefirstwomantoflyaloneacrosstheAtlantic.By2ndJune1937,she⑹_____herround-the-worldflight.TheflightwentinJune.ShereachedNewGuineaonthe29th.She⑺

_____flyingnearlyam