过去分词作状语+独立主格+with复合结构

GrammarPastparticiple1.Ilikereadingthenovels_______(write)byZhangAiling.2.Thegirl________(write)aletterinthestudyismycousin.3.ThereissomethingwrongwithmycarandIhavetogetit_______(repair).4.Hespokeloudlyinordertomakehimself_________(hear),buthestillcouldn’tmakeus_______him.5.Ifoundthelittlegirl_________(cry)atthecorner.writtenwritingrepairedheardcryinghear6.Iwantthedoorsofmynewhouse_________(paint)white.7.Therewasa_________(surprise)lookonhisface

whenhemeetthe_____(confuse)problem.8.Hewas_________atthe_________news.(excite)9.Thestorywasso________(move)thathewas_______(move)totears.paintedsurprisedexcitedmovingmovedexcitingconfusingThestolenbikebelongstoJack.Theglassisbroken.Maryheardhernamecalledbyastranger.1.作定语2.作表语4.作状语3.作宾补过去分词

Grammar

过去分词作状语1.Whenourfutureschoolisseen

fromthedistance,ourfutureschoollookslikeatower.

ourfutureschoolCombinethetwosentencesWhenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Seenfromthehill，时间状语可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等。Don’tspeak

untilyouarespokento.untilspokento.1.时间状语2.BecauseShe

issurprisedattheschoolbag,sheturnsherheadbacktofindoutwhathappens.Surprised

attheschoolbag,sheturnsherheadbacktofindoutwhathappens.

Ourfutureschoolbag2.原因状语Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.Greatlytouchedbytheteacher’swords…Becausehewassurprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.Surprisedatwhathappened…3.IfIamgivenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.Givenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.

atimemachine3.条件状语Ifweweregivenmoretime,

wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Givenmoretime…Ifitisheatedtoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapor.Heatedtoahightemperature…4.让步状语Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm,

thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.Thoughwarnedofthestorm…Thoughhavingbeenwarnedofthestorm…EvenifI’minvited,Iwon’ttakepartintheparty.Evenifinvited…5.方式、伴随状语Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,

andhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.Theteacherstoodthereand

wassurroundedbythestudents.Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents.过去分词作状语表示_____的和/或______的动作,相当一个状语从句。过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意语态要一致。过去分词作状语

被动完成summary过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。_______fromupside,itlookslikealilywhichisinfullbloom(盛开）inthesea.如果句子的主语和分词的逻辑主语是主动关系,用_______，句子的主语和分词的逻辑主语是被动关系，用_________。现在分词过去分词易混辨析Seeingfromupside,youwillfindalilywhichisinfullbloom(盛开）inthesea.Seen

能力提升1Discussedmanytimes,

theproblemsweresettledatlast.Havingbeendiscussedmanytimes,theproblemsweresettledatlast.过去分词和现在分词的被动没太大区别，强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作则用现在分词的完成式。______indeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.(lose)______inred,shelookspretty.(dress)______ofthesamefood,hewantstotrysomethingdifferent.(tire)【注意】有些过去分词来源于系表结构，它们往往表主动。常见的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；lost/absorbedin（沉溺于）；born（出身于）；dressedin（穿着）；tiredof（厌烦）;devotedto,buriedin。LostDressedTired能力提升2过去分词做状语注意事项：被动形式表主动意义的词需要特别注意：一类是常见的表人的情感的动词，如excite,surprise,amuse,interest,frighten,satisfy,disappoint,..._______athisson‘sexamresults,thefathersaidnothingbutaskedhimtoworkhardnexttime.Disappointed______sweet,theflowerattractedsomebees.(smell)Smelling能力提升3______fromhisaccent,hemustcomefromsouthernChina.Judged;B.Judging;TojudgeD.Judge(Judgingfrom/by…由…判断）Provided/providing（that）…假如…Supposing….假设…Generallyspeaking,Tobehonest,Totellthetruth,2011天津卷______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated2011上海春招______in1955,DisneylandinCaliforniaisregardedbymanyastheoriginalfunpark.A.Opened B.Havingopened C.Opening D.Beingopened2009·天津

bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.A.BeingencouragedB.EncouragingC.EncouragedD.Havingencouraged2009·福建

nottomisstheflightat15∶20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.A.Reminding B.RemindedC.ToremindD.Havingreminded过去分词做状语特别注意事项：独立主格结构。分词做状语，一般它的逻辑主语是整个句子的主语，但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语，其实就是在分词前面有名词出现，这种情况叫独立主格结构。独立主格多数表伴随。（with结构是典型的独立主格结构）WhenIwascleaningthewindow,myfingerwascutbytheglass.Icleaningthewindow,myfingerwascutbytheglass.WhenIwascleaningthewindow,Isawaplaneflyby.Thegirlstoodthere,herhair____intheair.

flyThethiefwastakenintotheprison,withhishands___.tieInthedarkness,shefoundshewasfollowedbyastranger,hiseyes___onherwallet.

fixTheirhomework____,theboyswentouttoplay.

finishflyingtiedfixingfinished独立主格结构和

with/without复合结构一．独立主格结构1.概念:独立主格结构（AbsoluteStructure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。它有以下三个特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。2.结构:名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；

名词(代词)+形容词；

名词(代词)+副词；

名词(代词)+不定式；

名词(代词)+介词短语构成。3.作用：独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等

。1．名词或代词＋现在分词

现在分词表示前面的名词或代词

主动进行的动作或状态。

Themanlaythere,hishands

trembling.

那个男子躺在那儿，双手在颤抖。注意：有时，现在分词being或havingbeen在独立

主格结构中可以省略。但在“being+过去分词”，“therebeing＋过去分词”结构中，及代词做主语

being不可省。

Theweather

(being)

fine,wedecidedtogoswimming.天气晴朗，我们决定去游泳。

Therebeingnocauseforalarm,shewentbacktoherroom.

Theroom

beingpaintednow,wecan'tgothere.

2．名词或代词＋过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作。

Allthings

considered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.各方面考虑起来，她的论文比你的论文更要有价值一些。3．名词或代词＋不定式（短语）

不定式表示将来的动作。

Hesuggestedgoingforapicnic,Mary

toprovide

thefood.

他建议去野餐，由玛丽负责提供食物。

Timeispressing,twohours

togoonly.

时间紧迫，只剩两个小时了。4．名词或代词＋形容词（短语）

形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质或状态。

Thefloor

wet,wehadtostayoutsideforawhile.

地面很湿，我们只好在外面呆一会儿。Hismother(being)ill,hehadtostayathometolookafterher.5．名词或代词＋副词

副词也多是说明前面名词或代词的状态。

Themeetingover,weallwenthome.

会议结束了，我们都回家了。

7．名词或代词＋介词短语

Theteachercamein,abook

inhishand.

老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。注意：有时，独立主格结构中名词前面的定语可以省略。Theboylaysilentlyonthegrass,(his)eyesclosed.Agirlwaswalkinginthestreet,(a)flower

in(her)hand.二．With和without复合结构

with和without复合结构是:

with/without＋名词／代词＋分词／不定式／形容词／副词／介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。（Ⅰ）with/without＋名词／代词＋现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。

Icouldn'tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaround(Ⅱ)with/without名词／代词+过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。Inthereadingroom,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofix

(Ⅲ)with/without＋名词／代词＋不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。Withalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled(Ⅳ)with/without＋名词／代词＋形容词。Shesleepswiththewindowopen.(Ⅴ)with/without+名词／代词＋副词。__productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through(Ⅵ)with/without+名词／代词＋介词短语。

1.Hesleepswithabookinhishand.2.Agirlwithanecklacearoundherneckgotonthebus.三．with和without复合结构

与独立主格结构的转化（Ⅰ）with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从句或并列句。（１）作时间状语

Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

（２）作原因状语

Withthekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=Thekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.(3)作条件状语

Withtimepermitting,we'llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Timepermitting,we'llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Iftimepermits,we'llvisittheSummerPalace.(4)作伴随状语

Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.

=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.

(Ⅱ)with和without复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词。

Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.1.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.

A.TherewasB.TherebeingC.BecausetherebeingD.Therewere2._____,weallwenthomehappily.

GoodbyewassaidB.GoodbyehadbeensaidC.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid

3____,thehunterwentintotheforest.

A.AgunonshoulderB.Agunwasonhisshoulder

C.Gunonshoulder

D.Agunbeingonshoulder

巩固练习4.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied__hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather__sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6.__,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes__andhishands__.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

8.__,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather__,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.willpermitC.topermitD.permitting10.__arainyday,hedidn'tgooutforawalkasusual.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。

一、分析句子结构

1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

2.___manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.Told

C.HewastoldD.Thoughhetold

3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.TurnedCAACC二、分析逻辑主语

确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。

1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.2.______Sunday,Ishallhaveaquietdayathome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing

AD三、分析语态

分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。

1.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.

2._____thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashedBD看看独立主格结构和其他句式的结合Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_________invitedtohiswedding.

A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who

【陷阱】容易误选A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词invited并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在invited前加上助动词were，则是一