船舶轮机英语lesson-11

OperatingtroublesandtheirremediesLesson11Troublesmayoccurwhentheengineisrunning.柴油机在运行时可能会发生故障。Iftheenginedoesnotstartonair,itmaybeduetooneormoreofthefollowingcauses:如果柴油机用空气不能起动，可能是由于以下的因素引起的。startingairpressuretoolow,incorrecttimingofstartingairvalves,oneormoreofthestartingvalvesordistributorvalves

stuckinclosedposition,mastervalvenotactuated,stopvalveonairlineisclosed,orifstartingafterworkingontheengine,theturning

gearstillengaged.起动空气压力过低，起动空气阀定时不准确，一个或者多个起动阀或者分配阀卡在关闭的位置，主阀不动作，空气管路中的截止阀关闭，或是在柴油机维修后起动，盘车机仍处于闭合状态。Iftheengineturnstooslowlyorirregularlyonstartingair,thepossiblecausesmaybethepistonsinstartingairdistributorsticking,startingvalvesincylindercoversdefective,faultytimingofthedistributor.Thestartingairpressuretoolowmayalsobeanothercause.如果柴油机用空气起动过慢或者不规则（有时能起动，有时不能起动），可能的原因是空气分配器柱塞卡住，气缸起动阀缺陷，空气分配器定时错误。起动空气压力过低可能是另外一个原因Iftheenginedoesstartonair,butcombustiondoesnotimmediatelybegin,thecausemaybelowcompression,failureofthefuelpumpstodischargeoilintothefuelvalvesorincorrecttimingoffuelpumps.如果柴油机能够空气起动，但是不能立即开始燃烧，可能是因为压缩压力低，燃油泵不能向燃油阀注入燃油或者是燃油泵定时错误。Failureoffuelinjectionisusuallyduetothetroublesinthefuelinjectionpumps.However,theinjectionmaybedelayed,thoughthepumpsareingoodorder,ifthefuellines

totheinjectionvalveshavenotbeenclearedofair.不能喷油通常是由于燃油喷射泵故障。但是，如果通向喷油阀的燃油管路不能清除空气，即使喷射泵良好，燃油的注入可能也会延迟。Ifthereisnofuelinjectedintothecylinders,thepossiblecausesarefuelgasification(汽化)

duetoexcesstemperature,pressurebeforefuelinjectionpumpstoolow,fueltoocold,exceptthetroublesintheinjectionpumps.Sluggish(行动迟缓的)movementofmaneuvringgear,incorrectadjustmentofmaneuvringgear,shut-downdevicesonenginehavingoperated,maneuvringairpressuretogovernortoolow,failureingovernormaybethecasealso.Thesecanbeindicatedbytoolowfuelpumpindex.如果没有燃油注入气缸，除了油泵的原因外，可能是由于燃油温度过高导致燃油气化，燃油喷油泵前压力过低，燃油过冷。操纵机构迟缓，调节不当，机器停车设备动作，调速器操纵压力过低，调速器失效。可通过燃油泵刻度过低表示。Iftheactionoftheengineindicatesthatsomeofthecylindersarenotfiring,theonesaffectedmaybedeterminedbywatchtheexhausttemperature.如果柴油机的运转显示某些气缸不点火，可通过观察排气温度确定该失效气缸。

Acommontroublewiththefuelpumpplungersorfuelvalvespindlesisoilleakage.Goodstrainersandfiltersshouldbeprovidedinthefueloilsystemandtheyshouldbecleanedatintervals,soastopreventdirtfromgetting

underafuelinjectionpumpvalveandcausingittoleak.燃油泵柱塞或者是燃油阀轴的常见问题是油泄露。在燃油系统中需要提供良好的粗滤器以及细滤器，并且定期清洁，以防止脏污进入喷油泵阀而导致泄露。Itisnot

uncommonforthelubricatingoilpumpsuctiontobecloggedwiththedirtleftinthecrankcaseafterworkhasbeendoneontheengine.Excessiveclearancesinthemainorcrankpinbearingswillsometimesbeindicatedbylossofpressureinthelubricatingsystembeforeanybearingknockisheard.在柴油机检修后，因曲轴箱中残留的脏污阻塞润滑油泵吸入端也是常见的。主轴承以及曲轴销轴承的过大间隙，在听见敲击声之前，有时可通过润滑油系统中压力的降低来表示。Theenginemaylosepowerorslowdownwhenrunning.Whenthisoccurs,thefirstcausepossiblemaybehotbearingsandseizuresofthepistonsinthecylinders.Failureofthefuelsupplytooneormorecylindersmaybeanothercause.柴油机在运行过程在可能会出现功率不足或者转速降低。当上述情况发生时，首要的可能原因是轴承过热以及气缸中活塞咬缸。另一个原因可能是燃油无法向气缸提供。Cracksinthecylindersandcylindercoversmayresultfrom

unequalheating.Thecylindercoversshouldberegularlyventedbyopeningtheventcocks.Cracksusuallyresultingfromlocal

overloadingarecausedbytroubleswiththefuelpumpsoroneormorecylindersnotfiring.Ifindicatordiagramsaretakenatregularintervals,anyunequaldistributionofloadwillbeeasilyfoundout.气缸以及气缸盖的裂纹可能是因为不均匀加热。气缸盖通过打开放气旋塞，进行定期放气。局部过热所导致的裂纹是由于燃油泵故障或者气缸不点火。如果定期测取示功图，将会很容易找出载荷不均匀分布。

Bearingknocksarelikelytooccurfrombearingwear.Valvegearknocksaremoreeasilylocatedwhiletheengineisrunning.Knockingthatoccursbetweencamsandrollersmaybecausedbytroublessuchasexcessiveclearancesandwornorbrokenrollers,orthetroublemaybeinthevalves.轴承敲击可能是由于轴承磨损。柴油机运行时，阀件敲击容易被发现。在凸轮和滚轮之间的敲击可能是由于过大间隙，滚轮磨损或者破坏，或者也可能是阀件引起的。Blow-off(起跳)ofthereliefvalvesofthemaincylindersduringoperationindicatesthatthecamsarenotproperlyset,iftheblowing-offisnotduetoleakagesorslackening(松弛)ofthesprings.Insuchcasethecylinderaffectedshouldbeimmediatelycut-offandthecauseofthetroubletraced(查找、寻迹)bytakingindicatordiagrams.在工作时，主气缸安全阀起跳，如果不是因为泄露或者弹簧的松弛，那么意味着凸轮设置不当。在这种情况下，气缸需要立即关闭通过示功图查找故障原因。Mosttroubleslikelytooccurwithmarinedieselenginecan,iflocatedintime