2021宁夏大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)考试模拟卷

第页2021宁夏大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)考试模拟卷本卷共分为2大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。

一、单项选择题（共44题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）

1.ConversationOneWhichofthefollowingisthesuggestiontheymade

A．Moretrafficlightsshouldbeinstalled.

B．Aspeedcamerashouldbemounted.

C．Morepolicemenshouldpatrolthatarea.

2.ConversationTwoWhodevelopedthesystemofmemoryaidscenturiesago

A．Inhabitantsonanisolatedisland.

B．TheAncientGreeks.

C．Agreatpsychologists.

3.ConversationOneWhere，asthewomanmentioned，hasgotimprovedtraffic

A．Herownneighborhood.

B．Herbigbrother’sneighborhood.

C．Herparents’neighborhood.

4.ConversationTwoHowdoesmappingoutnotesaffectthebrain

A．Itishelpfulinreflectingthewaypeoplelinkinformationinthebrain.

B．Itpreventspeoplefromarrangingthingslogically.

C．Itmakespeople’sbrainfunctiontheoppositeway.

5.ConversationOneHowwasthemanpunishedforhistrafficoffence

A．Hewasfined100poundswithextrapenaltypoints.

B．Hehadtopay150poundsandgot6penaltypoints.

C．Hefinallypaid600poundswithoutanypenaltypoints.

6.ConversationTwoWhattendstoaffectpeople’sabilitytothinkclearly

A．Upbringingandinnatedifferences.

B．Worryandanxiety.

C．Theiraptitudes.

7.Silenceistogoldwhatspeechisto____

A．steel

B．platinum

C．Bronze

D．silver

8.Whichshapecompletesthelargersquare

A．

B．

C．

D．

9.Chris

A．ThatisOK.

B．Thatdoesn’tmakesense!

C．Thatwouldbeterrible.

D．That’llhetheday!

10.Miranda

A．DoyoumindifIstayhereforthenight

B．DoyoumindifIuseyourphonetocallataxi

C．Couldyougivemearide

D．Couldyoucallataxiforme

11.Paul

A．I’llletherknowforsure.

B．I’mreallysorry!

C．I’llkeepthatinmind.

D．I’mnotgoingtolethergo.

12.Gettingacoldorcatchingthefluisacommoncomplaintforpeopleeveryyear.Infact,peopleusuallycatchbetweentwoandfivecoldsayear.Nooneenjoystheaccompanyingsymptoms:thesorethroat,runnynose,constantsneezingandheadaches.Notsurprisingly,coldmedicationshavebecomeabigbusiness.Peoplespendbillionsofdollarstocombatthisrecurringproblem.Weseethenumberandvarietyofover-the-countermedicineseachtimeweenterapharmacy.Peopleestimatethat,ifyoucombineconsumerpurchasesanddrainsonhealthcaresystems,atleast40billiondollarsarespenteachyearintheUSalone.IsacureforthecommoncoldpossibleTheanswerseemstobebothyesandno.Firstofall,the"common"colditselfisnotasingledisease.Anyoftwohundreddifferentvirusescouldberesponsibleforthesymptomsofacold.Developingavaccineforthecommoncoldwouldliterallymeanhavingtodevelophundredsofvaccines.Additionally,somecoldviruseshavetheabilitytochangetheirmolecularcomposition.Thus,eventhoughourbodiesmaybecomeimmunetoacertaincoldvirusthiswinter,bynextwinterourantibodieswillprobablynotrecognizeit.However,onefamilyofviruses,therhinoviruses,seemstoaccountforalmost40%ofallcolds.Therefore,scientistshavebeenfocusingtheirresearchonthisfamilyofvirusesinthehopesthattreatmentstargetingrhinoviruseswillresultinadrasticdecreaseinthenumberofcoldspeopleget.Inthelate1990sresearchersexperiencedsomeinitialsuccess.Biologistsdevelopedatreatment,ananti-viralmoleculecalledBIRR4,whichpreventedthebindingofthevirustocellsinthenose.Thisbindingisanessentialfirststepinstoppingaviralinfectionand,wasitpreventable,manyinfectionswouldbeby-passed.Forthenextfewyears,thepharmaceuticalgiantBoehringertriedtomakethistreatmentcommerciallyviable.Unfortunately,theyfoundtotheirdismaythatthistreatmentonlyworkedjustpriortogettingacoldorinthefirststagesofinfection,whenmostpeopledonotyetrealizeanythingiswrong.Asapossibletreatmentforacold,itwasseverelylimitedandsoin2000,BoehringerdroppedtheBIRR4project.Anotherdifficultyinfindingacureforthecommoncoldisthatthecoldvirusdoesnotactuallycauseourcoldsymptoms.Indeed,bythetimewestarttoshowcoldsymptoms,theviralinfectionisalmostover.Mostinfectionsresultinnosymptomsatall.Thesymptomsthatwegetfromacoldare,inreality,producedbyourbody’simmuneresponse,notbythevirusitself.Onewaythebodyfightsinfectioniswithananti-inflammatoryresponse.Partofthisresponseistodilatebloodvesselsintheaffectedareaandtomaketheaffectedceilsreleasefluidtothesurroundingarea.Incold,thisresultsintheswellingofthenoseandthroat,aswellassneezingandarunnynose.Thisalsoverysimilartohowthebodyreactswhenwehaveallergies.Thus,somescientistsarenowsuggestingtargetingthebody’simmuneresponsesratherthanthevirusitself,aswedowhenwetreatallergies.Onemedicalresearchersuggeststhatinordertofindacureforcoldswemustweakenourimmunesystem’sresponse.Throughacocktailofcertaindrugs—interferon,ibuprofenandchlorpheniramine—coldsuffererswouldbeabletodecreasetheanti-inflammatorypartoftheimmuneresponseandgetridoftheirsymptoms,whilestillallowingtheirbodiestofightofftheremainingviralinfection.Ibuprofenandchlorpheniraminearebothinexpensiveandavailableoverthecounter.Unfortunately,however,asingledoseofinterferonisabout$200andisasyetunavailableinlargeover-the-counterquantities.Thoughattimesithasseemedthatacurewastantalizinglyclose,thisprocessofinfectionandourbodies’responsetoitisclearlymorecomplicatedthanpreviouslyguessed.Undoubtedly,thesearchforacureforthecommoncoldwillcontinue.Whatformthiseventualcurewilltakethough,isanyone’sguess.Forquestions66to68,writeYESifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassageNOChoosethebestansweraccordingtothepassage.69.Whatistheactualcauseofcoldsymptoms

A．Thecoldvirus.

B．Thebody’simmuneresponse.

C．Mixeduseofcertaindrugs.

D．Delayedtreatment.

13.Gettingacoldorcatchingthefluisacommoncomplaintforpeopleeveryyear.Infact,peopleusuallycatchbetweentwoandfivecoldsayear.Nooneenjoystheaccompanyingsymptoms:thesorethroat,runnynose,constantsneezingandheadaches.Notsurprisingly,coldmedicationshavebecomeabigbusiness.Peoplespendbillionsofdollarstocombatthisrecurringproblem.Weseethenumberandvarietyofover-the-countermedicineseachtimeweenterapharmacy.Peopleestimatethat,ifyoucombineconsumerpurchasesanddrainsonhealthcaresystems,atleast40billiondollarsarespenteachyearintheUSalone.IsacureforthecommoncoldpossibleTheanswerseemstobebothyesandno.Firstofall,the"common"colditselfisnotasingledisease.Anyoftwohundreddifferentvirusescouldberesponsibleforthesymptomsofacold.Developingavaccineforthecommoncoldwouldliterallymeanhavingtodevelophundredsofvaccines.Additionally,somecoldviruseshavetheabilitytochangetheirmolecularcomposition.Thus,eventhoughourbodiesmaybecomeimmunetoacertaincoldvirusthiswinter,bynextwinterourantibodieswillprobablynotrecognizeit.However,onefamilyofviruses,therhinoviruses,seemstoaccountforalmost40%ofallcolds.Therefore,scientistshavebeenfocusingtheirresearchonthisfamilyofvirusesinthehopesthattreatmentstargetingrhinoviruseswillresultinadrasticdecreaseinthenumberofcoldspeopleget.Inthelate1990sresearchersexperiencedsomeinitialsuccess.Biologistsdevelopedatreatment,ananti-viralmoleculecalledBIRR4,whichpreventedthebindingofthevirustocellsinthenose.Thisbindingisanessentialfirststepinstoppingaviralinfectionand,wasitpreventable,manyinfectionswouldbeby-passed.Forthenextfewyears,thepharmaceuticalgiantBoehringertriedtomakethistreatmentcommerciallyviable.Unfortunately,theyfoundtotheirdismaythatthistreatmentonlyworkedjustpriortogettingacoldorinthefirststagesofinfection,whenmostpeopledonotyetrealizeanythingiswrong.Asapossibletreatmentforacold,itwasseverelylimitedandsoin2000,BoehringerdroppedtheBIRR4project.Anotherdifficultyinfindingacureforthecommoncoldisthatthecoldvirusdoesnotactuallycauseourcoldsymptoms.Indeed,bythetimewestarttoshowcoldsymptoms,theviralinfectionisalmostover.Mostinfectionsresultinnosymptomsatall.Thesymptomsthatwegetfromacoldare,inreality,producedbyourbody’simmuneresponse,notbythevirusitself.Onewaythebodyfightsinfectioniswithananti-inflammatoryresponse.Partofthisresponseistodilatebloodvesselsintheaffectedareaandtomaketheaffectedceilsreleasefluidtothesurroundingarea.Incold,thisresultsintheswellingofthenoseandthroat,aswellassneezingandarunnynose.Thisalsoverysimilartohowthebodyreactswhenwehaveallergies.Thus,somescientistsarenowsuggestingtargetingthebody’simmuneresponsesratherthanthevirusitself,aswedowhenwetreatallergies.Onemedicalresearchersuggeststhatinordertofindacureforcoldswemustweakenourimmunesystem’sresponse.Throughacocktailofcertaindrugs—interferon,ibuprofenandchlorpheniramine—coldsuffererswouldbeabletodecreasetheanti-inflammatorypartoftheimmuneresponseandgetridoftheirsymptoms,whilestillallowingtheirbodiestofightofftheremainingviralinfection.Ibuprofenandchlorpheniraminearebothinexpensiveandavailableoverthecounter.Unfortunately,however,asingledoseofinterferonisabout$200andisasyetunavailableinlargeover-the-counterquantities.Thoughattimesithasseemedthatacurewastantalizinglyclose,thisprocessofinfectionandourbodies’responsetoitisclearlymorecomplicatedthanpreviouslyguessed.Undoubtedly,thesearchforacureforthecommoncoldwillcontinue.Whatformthiseventualcurewilltakethough,isanyone’sguess.Forquestions66to68,writeYESifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassageNOWhatdidscientistsfindBIRR4coulddo

A．Itcouldchangethecoldcycle.

B．Itcouldstrengthentheimmunesystem.

C．Itcouldonlytreatacoldinthefirststages.

D．Itcouldeliminateallpossibilitiesofgettingacol

14.Johncanmowafieldin6hours.Billcanmowafieldin5hours.Henrycanmowafieldin4hours.Joecanmowafieldin3hours.Tomcanmowafieldin2hours.Iftheyallworktogetherattheirrespectiverates,howlongwillittaketomowthefield

A．41.4minutes.

B．39.4minutes.

C．40.4minutes.

D．38.4minutes.

15.

{{B}}SectionA{{/B}}

Directions:Thereisonepassageinthissectionwith6questions.Foreachquestion,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions51-56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

WhatIsGoodWritingforChildren

Thechildren’spublisherswilltellyoutheylookfor"goodwriting".Whatexactlydotheymean

Beforeyousendastoryyouhavewrittentoanypublisheratall,yourseverestcriticoughttobeyouyourself.Tohaveachanceofsucceedinginthecompetitivemarketofchildren’sfiction,youshouldconstantlybeaware,everysingletimeyousitdownatyourword-processor,oftheneedtoproduce"good,originalwriting".Adifficulttask,maybe,butonewhichhopefullywewillhelpyoutoachieve.

Tobeginwith,letustrytopindownexactlywhatpublishersmeanwhentheytalkabout"goodwriting"forchildren.Ausefulstartingpointwouldbetotakealookatsomeofthechildren’sbookswhichwonliteraryprizeslastyear.Readingthesebooksisoneoftheeasiestandmostenjoyablewaysof:(a)findingoutwhatindividualpublishersarepublishingatthemoment,and(b)learningafewtricksofthetradefromwell-establishedprofessionals.Itgoeswithoutsaying,ofcourse,thatslavishlycopyingthestyleandsubjectmatterofasuccessfulauthorisusuallyarecipefordisaster.Norshouldyoubecomedownheartedafterreadingaparticularlybrilliantpieceofwork,andmiserablythinkyouwillneverbeabletomatchuptothosestandards.Remember,overnightsuccessisrare—mostsuccessfulchildren’sauthorswillhavestruggledlongandhardtolearntheirtrade.Readthesebooksasacritic;notedownthethingsyouenjoyedoradmired,aswellasareaswhereyoufeeltherewaspossiblyroomforimprovement.Afterall,nobodyisperfect,notevenasuccessful,prize-winningauthor.

Possiblythetoughestchallengeisrightattheyoungestendoftheagerange—thepicturebook.Thewould-beauthor/illustratorisattemptingtocreateanexcitingstoryoutofthenarrow,limited,everydayworldofayoungchild’experience—noteasyatall.Thewholestorylinehastobestrongenoughtokeepthereaderturningthepages,yetsimpleenoughtofitintoafewpages.Anotherproblemforthenewpicture-bookauthorsisthatitcanseemthateverysubjectandeveryapproachhasbeendonetodeath,withnothingnewlefttosay.Addtothisthefactthatprintingcostsarehighbecauseoffullcolourillustrations,whichmeansthatthepublisherwillprobablywantatextthatsuitstheinternationalmarkettoincreasesales,andanovelforten-yearolds,withhardlyanypicturesatall,startstolookmuchmoreinviting.

Youwouldbeforgivenforwonderingifthereareanytrulyoriginalplotslefttoimpresspublisherswith.Butrememberthat,inmanyways,itisthewriter’sownpersonalstyle,andintelligenthandlingofasubjectthatcanchangeafamiliar,overworkedplotintosomethingoriginalandfresh.Toillustratethis,readTheEnchantedHorsebyMagdalenNabb.AyounggirlcalledIrinafindsanoldwoodenhorseinajunkshop,takesithomeandtreatsitasifitwasreal.Soonitmagicallystartstocometolife...SoundsfamiliarThemagicobjectthatcomesaliveisastorylinethathasbeenusedinhundredsofotherchildren’sstories.SowhydoesitsucceedhereTheansweristhatMagdalenNabbhascreatedastrong,believablecharacterinthelonely,unhappyheroineIrina,andthedescriptionsofherrelationshipwiththewoodenhorsearepoeticandtouching.

So,toreturntothequestionaskedatthebeginning:Whatexactlyis"goodwriting"forchildrenTheansweristhatitiswritingwhichisfresh,excitingandunpredictable,andwhichgivesanewandoriginalangleonwhatmightbeawellwornsubject.Butdonotbeputoffifyoufeelthatyousimplycannotmatchuptoalltheserequirements.Whilethereisobviouslynosubstitutefortalent,andtheabilitytocomeupwithsuitableideas,manyofthetechniquesforimprovingandpolishingyourmanuscriptcanbelearned.

Questions:Whydoesthearticleadvisepeopletolookatprize-winningbooks

A．Tocopytheauthor’sstyle.

B．Torealisewhatahighstandardneedstobereached.

C．Togetanideaofwhatmightbesuccessful.

D．Tofindouthowtotrickpublishers.

16.

{{B}}SectionA{{/B}}

Directions:Thereisonepassageinthissectionwith6questions.Foreachquestion,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions51-56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

WhatIsGoodWritingforChildren

Thechildren’spublisherswilltellyoutheylookfor"goodwriting".Whatexactlydotheymean

Beforeyousendastoryyouhavewrittentoanypublisheratall,yourseverestcriticoughttobeyouyourself.Tohaveachanceofsucceedinginthecompetitivemarketofchildren’sfiction,youshouldconstantlybeaware,everysingletimeyousitdownatyourword-processor,oftheneedtoproduce"good,originalwriting".Adifficulttask,maybe,butonewhichhopefullywewillhelpyoutoachieve.

Tobeginwith,letustrytopindownexactlywhatpublishersmeanwhentheytalkabout"goodwriting"forchildren.Ausefulstartingpointwouldbetotakealookatsomeofthechildren’sbookswhichwonliteraryprizeslastyear.Readingthesebooksisoneoftheeasiestandmostenjoyablewaysof:(a)findingoutwhatindividualpublishersarepublishingatthemoment,and(b)learningafewtricksofthetradefromwell-establishedprofessionals.Itgoeswithoutsaying,ofcourse,thatslavishlycopyingthestyleandsubjectmatterofasuccessfulauthorisusuallyarecipefordisaster.Norshouldyoubecomedownheartedafterreadingaparticularlybrilliantpieceofwork,andmiserablythinkyouwillneverbeabletomatchuptothosestandards.Remember,overnightsuccessisrare—mostsuccessfulchildren’sauthorswillhavestruggledlongandhardtolearntheirtrade.Readthesebooksasacritic;notedownthethingsyouenjoyedoradmired,aswellasareaswhereyoufeeltherewaspossiblyroomforimprovement.Afterall,nobodyisperfect,notevenasuccessful,prize-winningauthor.

Possiblythetoughestchallengeisrightattheyoungestendoftheagerange—thepicturebook.Thewould-beauthor/illustratorisattemptingtocreateanexcitingstoryoutofthenarrow,limited,everydayworldofayoungchild’experience—noteasyatall.Thewholestorylinehastobestrongenoughtokeepthereaderturningthepages,yetsimpleenoughtofitintoafewpages.Anotherproblemforthenewpicture-bookauthorsisthatitcanseemthateverysubjectandeveryapproachhasbeendonetodeath,withnothingnewlefttosay.Addtothisthefactthatprintingcostsarehighbecauseoffullcolourillustrations,whichmeansthatthepublisherwillprobablywantatextthatsuitstheinternationalmarkettoincreasesales,andanovelforten-yearolds,withhardlyanypicturesatall,startstolookmuchmoreinviting.

Youwouldbeforgivenforwonderingifthereareanytrulyoriginalplotslefttoimpresspublisherswith.Butrememberthat,inmanyways,itisthewriter’sownpersonalstyle,andintelligenthandlingofasubjectthatcanchangeafamiliar,overworkedplotintosomethingoriginalandfresh.Toillustratethis,readTheEnchantedHorsebyMagdalenNabb.AyounggirlcalledIrinafindsanoldwoodenhorseinajunkshop,takesithomeandtreatsitasifitwasreal.Soonitmagicallystartstocometolife...SoundsfamiliarThemagicobjectthatcomesaliveisastorylinethathasbeenusedinhundredsofotherchildren’sstories.SowhydoesitsucceedhereTheansweristhatMagdalenNabbhascreatedastrong,believablecharacterinthelonely,unhappyheroineIrina,andthedescriptionsofherrelationshipwiththewoodenhorsearepoeticandtouching.

So,toreturntothequestionaskedatthebeginning:Whatexactlyis"goodwriting"forchildrenTheansweristhatitiswritingwhichisfresh,excitingandunpredictable,andwhichgivesanewandoriginalangleonwhatmightbeawellwornsubject.Butdonotbeputoffifyoufeelthatyousimplycannotmatchuptoalltheserequirements.Whilethereisobviouslynosubstitutefortalent,andtheabilitytocomeupwithsuitableideas,manyofthetechniquesforimprovingandpolishingyourmanuscriptcanbelearned.

Questions:Whatdomostsuccessfulchildren’sauthorshaveincommon

A．Theydidnotgetdepressedbyearlyfailures.

B．Theyhavelearnedhowtobecriticalofotherauthors’work.

C．Theyfinditeasytothinkofstorylinesthatwillsell.

D．Theyhaveworkedhardtobecomewell-known.

17.

{{B}}SectionA{{/B}}

Directions:Thereisonepassageinthissectionwith6questions.Foreachquestion,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions51-56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

WhatIsGoodWritingforChildren

Thechildren’spublisherswilltellyoutheylookfor"goodwriting".Whatexactlydotheymean

Beforeyousendastoryyouhavewrittentoanypublisheratall,yourseverestcriticoughttobeyouyourself.Tohaveachanceofsucceedinginthecompetitivemarketofchildren’sfiction,youshouldconstantlybeaware,everysingletimeyousitdownatyourword-processor,oftheneedtoproduce"good,originalwriting".Adifficulttask,maybe,butonewhichhopefullywewillhelpyoutoachieve.

Tobeginwith,letustrytopindownexactlywhatpublishersmeanwhentheytalkabout"goodwriting"forchildren.Ausefulstartingpointwouldbetotakealookatsomeofthechildren’sbookswhichwonliteraryprizeslastyear.Readingthesebooksisoneoftheeasiestandmostenjoyablewaysof:(a)findingoutwhatindividualpublishersarepublishingatthemoment,and(b)learningafewtricksofthetradefromwell-establishedprofessionals.Itgoeswithoutsaying,ofcourse,thatslavishlycopyingthestyleandsubjectmatterofasuccessfulauthorisusuallyarecipefordisaster.Norshouldyoubecomedownheartedafterreadingaparticularlybrilliantpieceofwork,andmiserablythinkyouwillneverbeabletomatchuptothosestandards.Remember,overnightsuccessisrare—mostsuccessfulchildren’sauthorswillhavestruggledlongandhardtolearntheirtrade.Readthesebooksasacritic;notedownthethingsyouenjoyedoradmired,aswellasareaswhereyoufeeltherewaspossiblyroomforimprovement.Afterall,nobodyisperfect,notevenasuccessful,prize-winningauthor.

Possiblythetoughestchallengeisrightattheyoungestendoftheagerange—thepicturebook.Thewould-beauthor/illustratorisattemptingtocreateanexcitingstoryoutofthenarrow,limited,everydayworldofayoungchild’experience—noteasyatall.Thewholestorylinehastobestrongenoughtokeepthereaderturningthepages,yetsimpleenoughtofitintoafewpages.Anotherproblemforthenewpicture-bookauthorsisthatitcanseemthateverysubjectandeveryapproachhasbeendonetodeath,withnothingnewlefttosay.Addtothisthefactthatprintingcostsarehighbecauseoffullcolourillustrations,whichmeansthatthepublisherwillprobablywantatextthatsuitstheinternationalmarkettoincreasesales,andanovelforten-yearolds,withhardlyanypicturesatall,startstolookmuchmoreinviting.

Youwouldbeforgivenforwonderingifthereareanytrulyoriginalplotslefttoimpresspublisherswith.Butrememberthat,inmanyways,itisthewriter’sownpersonalstyle,andintelligenthandlingofasubjectthatcanchangeafamiliar,overworkedplotintosomethingoriginalandfresh.Toillustratethis,readTheEnchantedHorsebyMagdalenNabb.AyounggirlcalledIrinafindsanoldwoodenhorseinajunkshop,takesithomeandtreatsitasifitwasreal.Soonitmagicallystartstocometolife...SoundsfamiliarThemagicobjectthatcomesaliveisastorylinethathasbeenusedinhundredsofotherchildren’sstories.SowhydoesitsucceedhereTheansweristhatMagdalenNabbhascreatedastrong,believablecharacterinthelonely,unhappyheroineIrina,andthedescriptionsofherrelationshipwiththewoodenhorsearepoeticandtouching.

So,toreturntothequestionaskedatthebeginning:Whatexactlyis"goodwriting"forchildrenTheansweristhatitiswritingwhichisfresh,excitingandunpredictable,andwhichgivesanewandoriginalangleonwhatmightbeawellwornsubject.Butdonotbeputoffifyoufeelthatyousimplycannotmatchuptoalltheserequirements.Whilethereisobviouslynosubstitutefortalent,andtheabilitytocomeupwithsuitableideas,manyofthetechniquesforimprovingandpolishingyourmanuscriptcanbelearned.

Questions:Whyisthepicturebookthemostdifficulttowrite

A．Youngchildrenhaveexperienceofasmallnumberofsubjects.

B．Youngchildrencannotfollowstorylineseasily.

C．Thepicturesneedtobeexciting.

D．Childrenwanttobeabletoreaditquickly.

18.

{{B}}SectionA{{/B}}

Directions:Thereisonepassageinthissectionwith6questions.Foreachquestion,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions51-56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

WhatIsGoodWritingforChildren

Thechildren’spublisherswilltellyoutheylookfor"goodwriting".Whatexactlydotheymean

Beforeyousendastoryyouhavewrittentoanypublisheratall,yourseverestcriticoughttobeyouyourself.Tohaveachanceofsucceedinginthecompetitivemarketofchildren’sfiction,youshouldconstantlybeaware,everysingletimeyousitdownatyourword-processor,oftheneedtoproduce"good,originalwriting".Adifficulttask,maybe,butonewhichhopefullywewillhelpyoutoachieve.

Tobeginwith,letustrytopindownexactlywhatpublishersmeanwhentheytalkabout"goodwriting"forchildren.Ausefulstartingpointwouldbetotakealookatsomeofthechildren’sbookswhichwonliteraryprizeslastyear.Readingthesebooksisoneoftheeasiestandmostenjoyablewaysof:(a)findingoutwhatindividualpublishersarepublishingatthemoment,and(b)learningafewtricksofthetradefromwell-establishedprofessionals.Itgoeswithoutsaying,ofcourse,thatslavishlycopyingthestyleandsubjectmatterofasuccessfulauthorisusuallyarecipefordisaster.Norshouldyoubecomedownheartedafterreadingaparticularlybrilliantpieceofwork,andmiserablythinkyouwillneverbeabletomatchuptothosestandards.Remember,overnightsuccessisrare—mostsuccessfulchildren’sauthorswillhavestruggledlongandhardtolearntheirtrade.Readthesebooksasacritic;notedownthethingsyouenjoyedoradmired,aswellasareaswhereyoufeeltherewaspossiblyroomforimprovement.Afterall,nobodyisperfect,notevenasuccessful,prize-winningauthor.

Possiblythetoughestchallengeisrightattheyoungestendoftheagerange—thepicturebook.Thewould-beauthor/illustratorisa