食管癌流行病学特征

食管癌

EsophagealCaner2010级EbolisEpidemiology

EtiologyEpidemiologyWorld-wildEstimatedage-standardisedincidenceandmortalityrates:bothsexesWorld第九位？EpidemiologyWorld-wildEstimatedage-standardisedincidenceandmortalityrates:bothsexesWorldEpidemiologyEstimatedage-standardisedincidenceandmortalityratesinChina:bothsexesChina第六位？EpidemiologyEstimatedage-standardisedincidenceandmortalityratesinChina:bothsexesChinaEpidemiologyOesophagealcanceristhe8thmostcommoncancerworldwide,withanestimated456,000newcasesin2012(3.2%ofthetotal),andthe6thmostcommoncauseofdeathfromcancerwithanestimated400,000deaths(4.9%ofthetotal).Thesefiguresincludebothadenocarcinomaandsquamouscellcarcinomasub-types.Around80%ofthecasesworldwideoccurinlessdevelopedregions.EpidemiologyOesophagealcancerincidenceratesworldwideinmenaremorethandoublethoseinwomen(male:femaleratio2.4:1).Inbothsexestherearemorethan20-folddifferencesinincidencebetweenthedifferentregionsoftheworld,withratesrangingfrom0.8per100,000inWesternAfricato17.0per100,000inEasternAsiainmen,and0.2per100,000inMicronesia/Polynesiato7.8per100,000inEasternAfricainwomen.EpidemiologyCanceroftheoesophagushasaverypoorsurvival(overallratioofmortalitytoincidenceof0.88),andtheoesophagealcancermortalitycloselyfollowsthegeographicalpatternsforincidence,withthehighestmortalityratesoccurringinEasternAsia(14.1per100,000)andSouthernAfrica(12.8)inmenandinEastern(7.3)andSouthernAfrica(6.2)inwomen.EpidemiologyEstimatedOesophagealCancerincidence/MortalityWorldwidein2012:Men我国食管癌发病率也存在地域差异。食管癌的高发省份为河北、河南、福建和重庆，其次为新疆、江苏、山西、甘肃和安徽。食管癌在太行山脉附近的省份明显高发，河南林州食管癌与贲门癌发病率最高，占当地全部恶性肿瘤的81.4％。EpidemiologyEtiologyRemainsunclear亚硝胺及真菌上皮增生变性；真菌分解硝酸盐为亚硝酸盐，发霉前50~100倍遗传因素和基因河南林县有家族史者占60%；食管癌患者染色体与基因变异增多；C-myc、EGFR等激活营养不良及微量元素缺乏高发区饮食调查发现食物缺乏动物蛋白质，VitB1、B2、A、C；金属元素Cu、Mn、Fe、ZnEtiologyRemai