高三英语语法复习二：主谓一致

语法复习二、主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。(-)语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.注意:由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或whal从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.注意:①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：Thewriterandartisthascome.;/②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有*with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如:MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.4>either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.注意①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.5、在定语从句时，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkhighard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如：ClassFourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.注意:people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数十名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.注意:anumberof“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；thenumberof”…的数量”，主语是number,谓语用单数。8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Therecomesthebus./Onthewallaremanypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Whichisyourbag?/Whichareyourbags?/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如："TheArabianNights'"saninterestingstory-book.4、表数量的短语“oneandahalf"后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：Oneandahalfapplesis（are）leftonthetable.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelvepluseightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.6、一些学科名词是以-ic.s结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./1thinkphysicsisn7easytostudy.7atrousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a（the）pairof等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.8、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

1、当两个主语由either...or,neither...nor,whether...ornotonly...butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neithertheynorheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?2.therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..注意Here引导的句子用法同上。练习：主谓一致whoyourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.C.areC.hasD.beD.haveA.amC.areC.hasD.beD.haveA.areB.isNeitherTomnorJackandIhisstudents.A.areB.amC.isD.wasMaryaswellashersistersChineseinChina.A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.studyNeithermyfathernorIathome.A.amB.isC.areD.beNotonlymybrotherbutalsoIgoodatpainting.Bothofusgoodpainters.,A.are;areB.am;amC.ani;areD.is;isEvery'boyandeverygirltoattendtheeveningparty.A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.likeOver8()percentofthepopulationofChinapeasants.A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.areThepopulationofChinalargerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveEverymeanstriedbutwithoutanyresult.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveA.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeenAlice,togetherwithtwoboys,forhavingbrokentherule.A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunishedTheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitoraskedtoattendthe.meetingthisafternoon.A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeingThegreatwriterandprofessor.

B.arebotholdmenD.weretwoChineseB.arebotholdmenD.weretwoChineseC.isanoldmanandayoungmanThereapen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.haveAlargenumberofstudentsinourclassgirls.A.areB.wasC.isD.beThenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildrosesA.docsn'tchangeB.don'tchangeC.changcTheArabianNightswellknowntotheEnglish.A.isB.areC.wasChairmanMao'sworkspublished.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasAchemicalworksbuiltthere._muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.D.changedD.wereD.isA.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeen.TheOlympicGamesheldeveryyears.A.is;fourB.are;fburC.is;fiveD.are;five.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.A.isB.areC.wasD.were.Heistheonlyoneofdiestudentswhoelected.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is.Theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthatasked.A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen24.Manyaman——cometohelpus.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are."Allpresentandallgoingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.A.is;isB.are;arcC.are;isD.is;are.Thepolicethemurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.weresearching.Yourtrousersdirty.Youmusthavewashed.A.is;ilB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them.Thispairoftrouseistoolongforhim.A.isB.beC.areD.were.Oneandahalfbananasleftonthetable.A.isB.areC.hasD.have3().Eighttimeseightsixty-four.A.isB.areC.getD.equal31.Tenminutesanhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.A.seemsB.seemC.seemedD.seemesofthemoneynmout.A.Three-fifth;hasB.Three-fifth;hasbeenC.Three-fifths;hasD.Three-fifths;haveThewholeclasstheteacherattentively.A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islisteninghavefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhichmoredifficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereBetweenthetworowsoftreestheteachingbuilding.A.standB.standsC.standingD.areLargequantitiesofwaterforirrigation.A.isneededB.has-neededC.areneededD.needThattheywerewronginthesemattersnowcleartousall.A.isB.wasC.areD.allWhatweneedgoodtextbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasWhatyousaidjustnowthematterwearediscussing.A.havesomethingtoatB.hassomethingtodowithC.hadsomethingtodowithD.hasbeensomethingtodowithMorethanonememberagainsttheplan.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveWhenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.A.hasnotdecidedB.isnotdecidedC.arenotdecidedD.havenotdecidedHalfofthefruitbad.A.areB.hasC.isD.have43.eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is44.Mathematics_A.arethelanguageofscience.B.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe45.MyfamilyA.is_small.B.wereC.areD.makes46.Thefollowing.A.aresomeotherexamples.B.isC.wasD.were47.Theybothhavesomefriends;buthismoreactive.A.isB.willbeC.wasD.are48.Bothriceandwheatgrowninthatcountry.A.isB.areC.wasD.has49.Earlytobedandearlytorise_agoodhabit.A.areB.isC.wereD.wasToplaybasketballandtogoswimmingusefulforcharacter-training.A.wasB.isC.areD.wereEitherheorItoattendthemassmeetingthisevening.A