【创新设计】高考英语总复习 214第四章非谓语动词课件（江苏专用）

第四章非谓语动词

一、不定式1．不定式作主语不定式可直接放在句首作主语。有时也用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式放在后面，以避免头重脚轻，保持句子结构的平衡。【例1】________Englishtodayisthemostimportanttasktome.A．Study B．BeingstudiedC．Studied D．Tostudy答案D【例2】Itismyhonor________heretospendsometimewithyou.A．tobeinvited B．invitingC．beinginvited D．toinvite答案A2．不定式作表语不定式作表语，通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。【例3】Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier，________itmoredifficult.A．notmaking B．notmakeC．nottomake D．tonotmake答案C【例4】Todaymyjobis________alltheflowersinthegarden.A．water B．havingwateredC．towater D．watered答案C3．不定式作宾语英语中有些动词常跟不定式作宾语。这类动词有：want，wish，hope，expect，agree，decide，learn，pretend，ask，promise，plan，refuse，beg，demand，manage，offer，prepare，claim，struggle等。【例5】Weagreed________here，butsofarshehasnotturnedupyet.A．havingmet B．meetingC．tomeet D．tohavemet答案C【例6】Whenhisfathercameback，theboypretended________hishomework.A．doingB．todoC．doneD．tobedoing答案D【例7】ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle________.A．tobeheard B．tohearC．beingheard D．hearing答案A4．不定式作宾补(1)有些动词(短语)后面常接带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词有：consider，get，remind，advise，allow，ask，beg，encourage，force，invite，expect，order，permit，persuade，require，want，warn，wish，teach，cause，tell，command，callon，counton，relyon，dependon，longfor，waitfor，wouldlike等。但hope，suggest，agree，demand，arrange等动词后不能接sb.todosth.结构。【例8】Wecan'tcountonamanlikeJim________usthenecessaryhelp.A．togive B．givingC．tobegiven D．given答案A(2)有些动词，主要是感官动词和使役动词，它们的后面可接不带to的不定式作宾补，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let等，但如果是在被动语态的句子中，就要用带to的不定式作主补。【例9】Myparentshavealwaysmademe________aboutmyself，evenwhenIwastwelve.A．feelingwell B．feelinggoodC．feelwell D．feelgood答案D5．．不不定定式式作作定定语语(1)不定式式用用在在thefirst，，thesecond，，thelast，，theonly等等短短语语后后面面作作定定语语。。【例例10】】Johnwasthelastman________dinnerinourfamily.A．．tobeinvitedforB．．tobeinvitedtoC．．invitedforD．．invitingto答案案B(2)不不定定式式作作定定语语，，与与被被修修饰饰的的中中心心词词之之间间常常表表现现为为主主谓谓关关系系或或动动宾宾关关系系。。ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.(主谓谓关系系)Itwasagametoberemembered.(动宾宾关系系)【例例11】】ThatistheonlywaywecanimaA．reducing B．toreduceC．reduced D．reduce答案B6．不定式作作状语(1)作原因状语。不不定式常可跟跟在某些形容词或动词后面作原因因状语。【例12】Wewereastonished________thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010·辽宁)A．findingB．tofindC．findD．tobefind答案B(2)作目的的状语。不定定式作目的状状语既可放在在句首也可放放在句尾。但但为了加强语语气，也可用用“soastodo”或或“inordertodo”结构作目目的状语。inorderto既可放在句句首也可放在句尾，soasto一般般不置于句首。【例13】WithFather'sDayaroundthecorner，，Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________presentsformydad.(2010··全国Ⅰ)A．buyB．tobuyC．buyingD．tohavebought答案B【例14】________losehisjob，Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident.A．InordertonotB．InordernottoC．TonotD．Soasnotto答案B(3)作结果果状语。具体体形式是：too＋adj./adv.＋todo意为“太……而不能”；adj./adv.＋enough＋＋todo意为“足以……”；only/justtodo表示出乎意料的结果。【例15】Doyouthinkyouarebraveenough________bungeejumping?A．tryingB．intryingC．totryD．andtry答案C【例16】Hehurriedtothestation，only________thetrainhadleft.A．findingB．foundC．tofindD．find答案C(4)用于“主语＋be＋＋形容词＋不不定式”结构。该结构构中的形容词词有：easy，difficult，hard，comfortable，fit，convenient，pleasant等，不不定式与句子子的主语是动宾关系，不定式式常用主动形式，且不定定式必须是及物动词。【例17】Thearmchairisverycomfortable________.A．tositB．tositinC．sittinginD．forsittingdown答案B【例18】Wefoundtheexercisedifficult________withoutthehelpoftheEnglishteacher.A．tobedoneB．todoC．todoitD．．ofdoing答案B7．“疑问词词＋不不定式式”结构此结构相相当于于名词的功功能，，即作作主语、宾语、表语等成成分。。不定定式一一般只用主动动式不用被动动式。。疑问问词须须作不不定式式的相相应成分。【例19】】——It'snousehavingideasonly.—Don'tworry.Petercanshowyou________toturnanideaintoanact.(2010·辽辽宁)A．howB．．whoC．whatD．．where答案A【例20】】Thepoliceofficerwantstoknowwhatmeasures________tofindthemurdererassoonaA．totake B．tobetakenC．taken D．beingtaken答案A【例21】IwasmadetowritealetterinEnglish，butIdon'tknow________.A．whattowriteabout B．howtobeginwithC．howtowriteabout D．whattobegin答案A8．不定式式的时态和和语态不定式的时态态变化往往往是相对于于谓语动词词而言的，，如果不定定式表示的的动作发生生在谓语动动词所表示示的动作之之后或与谓语动动词所表示示的动作同时发生，用不不定式的一一般式；如如果不定式式表示的动动作发生在在谓语动词词所表示的的动作之前，用不定式式的完成式式。不定式式的语态变变化往往针针对其逻辑辑主语而言言，如果不不定式的逻逻辑主语是是动作的承承受者，用用不定式的的被动式。【例22】】ThecrowdA．breaking B．havingbrokenC．tohavebroken D．tobreak答案C【例23】Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing，buttheone________firstisthelibrary. (2010·重庆)A．repaired B．beingrepairedC．repairing D．toberepaired答案D二、动名词词动名词主要起起名词的作作用，在句句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语，一般不不作状语，有各种种形式的变变化。1．动名词作主主语动名词可直接接放在句首首作主语。。有时也用用it作形形式主语，，把真正的的主语———动名词放放在后面。。注意：nouse，nogood作表语时，真正正的主语常用动名词，，一般不用不定式。。【例24】】Inmymind，，________thatfamousuniversitywillbetheonlywaytobecomeaworld­classwriter.A．attendingB．attendedC．attendD．havingattended答案A【例25】】Itisnouse________withhimatthistime.A．talkB．totalkC．talkingD．talked答案C2．动名词词作宾语(1)有些动词(短短语)后面面要求跟动动名词作宾宾语。常见见的后跟动动名词作宾宾语的动词词有：mind，finish，enjoy，，excuse，imagine，keep，，practice，suggest，miss，consider，prevent，appreciate，advise，avoid，allow，admit，delay，escape，，permit，forbid，can'thelp(情不自自禁)，feellike，keepon，giveup，lookforwardto，devote...to，getusedto，payattentionto，befondof，beworth等。【例26】Hedidn'tfeellike________，soshesuggested________anEnglishletterrightaway.A．reading；；practisingwritingB．reading；；practisingtowriteC．reading；；topractisewritingD．toread；；practisingtowrite答案A【例27】——Tomenjoys________basketballonSundayafternoons，doesn'the?—Yes，hedoes.Butwhathissisterenjoys________.A．toplay；；dancingB．playing；；todanceC．toplay；；todanceD．playing；istodance答案D【例28】Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed________.A．catchingB．．tobecaughtC．beingcaughtD．tocatch答案C(2)在在havedifficulty(trouble，aproblem，ahardtime，fun，，agoodt【例29】Ihadgreatdifficulty________thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.(2010··上海)A．findB．foundC．tofindD．．finding答案D【例30】——Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh，，yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted________hisadvice!A．totakeB．．takingC．nottotakeD．nottaking答案D三、分词分词在句中可用用作表语、定语、补语、状语等。1．分词作表语分词作表语具有有形容词的功能，说说明主语的性性质或特征。。现在分词表表示主语与分分词之间存在在逻辑上的主动关系，意为“令人……的”，主语通常是是物；过去分词表表示主语与分分词之间存在在逻辑上的被动关系，意为“感到……的”，主语通常是是人。【例31】Thiscomputergamewas________andthechildrenwere________init.A．interesting；interestingB．interested；interestedC．interesting；interestedD．interested；interesting答案C【例32】Shetookadeepbreathtocalmherself，buthervoicestillsounded________.A．excitementB．excitedC．excitingD．excitedly答案B2．分词作定现在分词作定语既可放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可放在所修饰的词之后，相当于一个定语从句。过去分词作定语时，一般置于所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句。【例33】I'mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition________inyesterday'sChinaDaily. (2010·北京)A．advertised B．tobeadvertisedC．advertising D．havingadvertised答案A【例34】】Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundert (2010·浙江)A．beingweighed B．toweighC．weighed D．weighing答案D3．分分词作作宾补补常跟分词词作宾宾补的的动词词有：：catch，，have，get，keep，，hear，find，，feel，leave，make，，notice，observe，watch等。。【例35】】Alexandertriedtogethiswork________inthemedicalcircles.(2010·辽辽宁)A．torecognizeB．．recognizingC．recognizeD．．recognized答案D4．分词作作状语语分词可可作时时间状状语、、原因因状语语、伴伴随状状语、、结果果状语语等。。【例36】】Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock，，________suppliestoYushu，QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.(2010·福福建)A．sendingB．．tosendC．havingsentD．tohavesent答案A四、难难点速速通难点为了避免重复，like，love，try，want，hope，hate，wish，beglad/happy等后面必须有to，但to后面的动词常省略。但如果to后是be或have时不省。【例37】—Howaboutgoingonapicnicwithustomorrow?—________verymuch.A．I'llliketo B．I'dliketoC．I'dlike D．I'lllikeit答案B【例38】】——Didtheytellyouthefinaldecisionofthecommittee?—No，theydidn't，butIthinkIoughtto________.A．/B．．beC．．haveD．．havebeen答案D难点2：with复复合结结构“with＋＋宾语＋非非谓语语动词词”是一种种特殊殊的结结构，，可以以在句句中作作定语或状语。【例39】】Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy，withadiningtablealready________foramealtobecooked.(2010·山山东)A．laidB．．layingC．tolayD．beinglaid答案A难点3：remember，，forget，regret后后接动动名词词和不不定式式的区区别后接动动名名词词表表示示先于谓谓语语动动词词的的动动作作；；后后接接不不定定式式表表示示后于谓谓语语动动词词的的动动作作。。【例例40】】—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh，，Iforgot________.A．．turningitoffB．．turnitoffC．．toturnitoffD．．havingturneditoff答案案C【例例41】】Haveyouforgotten________arulerfromMike?PleaA．borrowing；toreturn B．borrowing；returningC．toborrow；toreturn D．toborrow；returning答案A【例42】—Youshouldsaysorrytoyourbrother.—Yes，Iregret________withhim.A．quarrelling B．quarreledC．toquarrel D．havequarreled答案A难点点4：：当它们后面所接的动词与句子的主语是动宾关系时，用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式。【例43】Ineed________therebybike，butsomethingiswrongwithmybike.Itneeds________.A．going；beingrepaired B．togo；repairingC．togo；torepair D．go；toberepaired答案B【例例44】】Hedeserves________.A．．promotedB．．promoteC．．tobepromotedD．．topromote答案C难点5：：在try，stop，mean，，goon，，can'thelp后，，用动名名词和不不定式所所表达的的含义不(1)trydoingsth.试着做某事；trytodosth.努力做某事(2)stopdoingsth.停止做某事；stoptodosth.停下来做某事(3)meandoingsth.意味着做某事；meantodosth.打算做某事(4)goondoingsth.继续做某事(即：再做原来做着的那件事)；goontodosth.接着做另一件事(即：做与原来不同的一件事)(5)can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事；can'thelp(to)dosth.不能帮助做某事【例45】Try________atthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.A．knockB．tokno