unit4高级英语2014李观仪

Unit4ByNicoleARedLightforScofflawsQuestionsfordiscussion:Whatdoyouthinkoflaw?Whatrolesdolawsplayinoursociety?Areyoualaw-breaker?Whydopeoplebreakthelaw?Canyougivesomecasesoflaw-breaking?Paragraph1MillionsofAmericansaretakingincreasinglibertieswiththelegalcodes.Dictionarywork1.takelibertieswith:misinterpret;distort;violate;treatsomethingfreely,withoutstrictobservanceofthefact(随意对待)Theeditorisnotentitledtotakelibertieswiththetextofaliterarywork.2.blithely:heedlessly;withoutthoughtorregard3.dereliction:deliberateneglect;negligenceDerelictionofduty:failuretodowhatoneoughttodoHepleadedguiltytowilfulderelictionofduty.他承认犯有玩忽职守罪。Derelict:desertedandallowedtofallintoruins;dilapidatedSentence2:LetaloneNourishthesocietySentence3Outlawlitter:unlawfulstrewing(aplace)withrubbishOutlaw:(1)tomakesth.Illegal宣布…为不合法；将…放逐；剥夺…的法律保护

(2)(n.)acriminalwhoishidingfromtheauthorities

歹徒，亡命之徒；逃犯；被剥夺法律保护者Illicitnoise:veryloudnoisewhichisnotpermittedornotallowedbylaworthesocialcustomsofacountry:E.g.:(1)Danteclearlycondemnsillicitlove.

丹蒂旗帜鲜明地谴责不正当恋情。

(2)...informationabouttheuseofillicitdrugs.

有关吸毒的信息illicit,elicitdoorsaysomethingwhichmakesotherpeoplerespondorreact.引出，探出；诱出（回答等(1)Mr.Norrissaidhewashopefulthathisrequestwouldelicitapositiveresponse...诺里斯先生说希望他的请求能够引起积极反响。(2)Thecrimeelicitedanoutcryagainstillicitdrugs.那起罪行引发了打击违禁药品的呼声。Motorizedanarchy:disorderorchaoscreatedbymotoristsAnarchy:nobodyseemstobepayinganyattentiontorulesorlaws(不可数名词)无政府（状态）；无法无天；无秩序；混乱(1)Civilwarandfaminesentthenationplungingintoanarchy.内战和饥荒使该国陷入了无政府状态。(2)InJune,1960,theCongowasplungedintofiveyearsofcivilwarandpoliticalanarchy.1960年的6月，刚果陷入了5年的内战和政治上的无政府状态。Thewaveofthefuture:thepatternofbehaviorinthefutureSentence4:Taketo:Didthechildrentaketohim?...孩子们喜欢上他了么？Thefirstserieswasreallybad.Butforsomereasonthepublictooktoit.第一部系列剧糟透了，可是不知为何，观众开始喜欢上了它。Takentocommittingsupposedlyminorderelictionsasamatterofcourse…Supposedly:happeningasplannedorexpected据认为；据推测；据称；一般相信Commitminorderelictionsamatterofcourse:ausualevent;somethingactualItmeans:Havehappilyformedthehabitofdoingsomemisdeedswhicharesupposedtobeunimportant,andconsideredthatassomethingnatural.Para.2ScofflawsaboundinamazingvarietyVariety:TheGraffiti-prone:Bicyclist:Litterbugs:Publicplacesofhigh-decibelportableradiosBeer-soakedhooliganismTobaccoaddictsDressedpotsmokersTheuseofcocaineTheJaywalkersPayattentiontosentencestructures4.exemptfrom:notsubjecttoobligation5.flurry:profusion;abundance;greatquantity6.Ordinance:authoritativelaw;command;order;ruleorlawmadebyagovernmentoranauthority法令；法规；条例Exempt:stateofficiallythattheyarenotboundoraffected免除;豁免(1)SouthCarolinaclaimedthepowertoexemptitscitizensfromtheobligationtoobeyfederallaw...南卡罗来纳州声称有权力免除该州公民遵守联邦法规的义务。(2)Companieswithfifty-fiveorfeweremployeeswouldbeexemptedfromtherequirements.员工在55人及以下的公司将免除这些条件。exemption...theexemptionofemployer-providedhealthinsurancefromtaxation.雇主提供的健康保险免税...newexemptionsforstudentsandthelow-paid.对学生和低收入者的最新豁免7.flagrant:shameless;notorious（notoriety);particularlybad,shockingandobvious:flagrantbreachofjustice公然违反公正原则aflagrantoffence大罪,重罪flagrantcrime滔天罪行aflagranterror明显的错误aflagrantsinner罪恶昭彰的罪犯8.festeringscandal:tormentingdisgraceFester:vi1)(ofawoundorsore)becomeinfectedandformpus(伤口）溃烂；化脓:afesteringsorePusisathickyellowishliquidthatformsinwoundswhentheyareinfected.2)(ofanegativefeelingoraproblem)becomeworseandmoreintense)更加痛苦或者愤怒Plague:1.alargenumberofthemthatarriveorhappenatthesametime.灾难，祸患Thecityisunderthreatfromaplagueofrats...该市处于鼠患的威胁之下。Lastyeartherewasaplagueofrobberyandhousebreaking.去年抢劫和入室行窃成灾。2.N-COUNTcausesagreatdealoftroubleorharm（可数）名词烦扰；令人头痛的事物.(单）Inflationwillremainarecurrentplague...通货膨胀将继续成为周期性的烦扰。Timseemstohaveescapedthecynicismwhichistheabsoluteplagueofourgeneration.蒂姆好像并没有染上我们这代人愤世嫉俗的通病。3.VERBcontinuallycauseyoualotoftroubleorsuffering困扰；使烦恼；折磨.Shewasplaguedbyweakness,fatigue,anddizziness...她感觉体虚、疲倦、头昏眼花。Fearsaboutjobsecurityplaguenearlyhalftheworkforce.几乎一半的员工担心失业。4.VERBIfkeepbotheringyouoraskingyouforsomething.缠扰；纠缠（with）Iamnotgoingtoplagueyouwithalotmorequestions,MissCulver...卡尔弗小姐，我不会再问更多的问题来烦你了。TommyCookhadbeenplaguingPinnerformonths.汤米·库克已纠缠平纳好几个月了。Librarywork:4.Potsmoker(L17):marijuanaaddict5.joint(L18):cigarettecontainingmarijuanaPara.3ThedangersofScofflawisthered-lightrunnerWidely:1.Splitting---remaindisgusting,putrisktoothers2.Illegallyburieshazardouschemicalwaste…

occupylandresource,permanenthazard3.fairbeaterpresentsthreattolife4.landlordignorefiresafetystatutes---Themostvisible:5.theAmericandriver–adduptocolossalpublicnuisance6.doubleparking–jamthestreets7.thedrunkdriving–killsome25,000peopleandinjures650,000othersyearly8.Illegalspeedingonopenhighways9.statutes(L24):laws10.publicnuisance(L27):somethingoffensiveorannoyingtothecommunity,especiallyinviolationofothers’legalrights,e.g.:Don'tmakeanuisanceofyourself.别那么讨厌。Whatanuisance!I'veforgottenmyticket.真讨厌，我忘记带票了。Librarywork：

6.farebeater(L23):onewhoevadespayingthefareonapublicvehicle.“Beat”isU.S.slangmeaning“swindle”,“cheat”.Paraphrase:(L21—23)Splittingonthesidewalkisagainstthelawandisalwaysdespicable可鄙的，卑鄙的.Buttheharmitdoestoothersseemsinsignificantwhencomparedwiththedangeracompanycausesbydisposingofpoisonouschemicalwasteinaplacewhereitisnotpermitted.Para.4Themostflagrantscofflawisthered-lightrunner.Casesofthered-lightrunner.

InBoston:thefloutingofstopsignals…theredlightsare“justfordecoration”.InLosAngeles:redlightrunninghasbecomeperhapsthecity’smostcommontrafficviolation…InNewYorkCityGoingthroughanintersectionislikeRussianroulette.---it’sa50—50tossupastowhetherpeoplewillstopforaredlight.Toss-up(Para.4,L38):thetossingofacointodecidesomethingbyitsfallPara.5Thefloutingofbasicrulesoftheroadleavesdeepdentsinthesocialmood11.flouting(vt):treatingwithcontemptuousdisregard公然藐视：floutthelaw,aconvention,therules;floutsb’sadvicedeliberatelydonotobeyitorfollowit.无视，藐视，轻视(法律等)E.g.:Ifyoufloutsomethingsuchasalaw,anorder,oranacceptedwayofbehavingillegalcamperswhopersistinfloutingthelaw...一向对法律熟视无睹的非法露营者Buildingregulationshavebeenhabituallyflouted.建筑法规一向都无人遵守。12.dent:adepressioninasurface,asfromablow;hence,damage凹痕(also)dint,hollowplaceinahardevensurfacemadebyabloworpressure凹痕；凹陷(idom)makeadentinsth.:causeareductioninsth.减少；消减；削弱:adentinone’spride自尊心的挫败Therepairsmadeadentinourfunds,i.e.costusalot.这次修理用去了我们很多钱。Thefloutingofbasicrulesoftheroadleavesdeepdentsinthesocialmood.Socialmood:generalattitudeofsocietyThefloutingofbasicrules:breachofbasicrules,breakingthebasicrules,notabidebythebasicrulesLeavesdentsin:bringsharmto;hurtthefeelingof--thebreachofbasicrulesofroadbringsharmtothegeneralattitudeofsocietyLibrarywork:8.Mortalperil(L45):dangerthatcausesorisliabletocausedeathParaphrase2:Line40--43Drivingthroughtheintersectionofastreetwithnoregardtotheredtrafficlightisgenerallyconsideredasmisbehavioroflittleimportance.Butwhenitdevelopsintoasocialhabit,itbecomesaproblemagreatdealmoreseriousthanameretrafficproblem.Paraphrase3:(L44–47)Well-behaveddriversandpedestriansareconstantlyupsetandthreatenedbyperilfromviolations(endurerepeatedlysuchunpleasantsituationsasfrustration,inconvenienceandoutrage).Thegreatimpactofred-lightrunningisduetoitsbeingsonoticeable.Ajustifiedsenseofmortalperil:afearwhichisbasedongoodreasoningofdeadlydangerPeril:greatdangers重大危险...theperilsofthesea...海洋的凶险Inspiteofgreatperil,Ihavesurvived...虽然处境非常危险,我还是挺过来了Ifhypocrisyisthetributethatvicepaystovirtue,thenfurtivenessisthetrueoutlaw‘ssalutetotheforceoflaw-and-order.如果说坏人往往把好人说成伪善，那么，真正的不法者在法律和秩序的威力面前倒真是偷偷摸摸地干的。(notagoodtranslation)Ifhypocrisyisthetributethatvicepaystovirtue,thenfurtivenessisthetureoutlaw'ssalutetotheforceofthelaw-and-order.如果伪善代表着恶行对美德的称赞，那么鬼鬼祟祟的行为则代表着违法者对法治力量的敬仰。furtivenessWithafurtiveglanceoverhershoulder,sheunlockedthedoorandenteredthehouse.她鬼鬼祟祟地往身后扫了一眼，然后打开门锁进了房子Theoperationisveiledinsecrecyandfurtiveness-Tescoisanxiousnottotipitshandtocompetitors.乐购非常希望竞争对手对自己一无所知，因此一切行动都在隐秘中进行。salutetopubliclyshoworstateyouradmirationforthem.salutehimfortheleadershiprolethatheistaking...我对他发挥的领导作用表示赞扬。Thestatementsalutesthechangesofthepastyear.这一表态称赞了过去一年的变革。Repetitionsandbrazendisplayofcontempt…13.brazen:shameless,imprudentbrazenininsolence,rudeness,etc.不知羞耻的无礼举动、粗野行为等；(2)Madeofbrass;likebrass黄铜制的；黄铜般的Translation:无辜的司机和行人经常受到不法行为造成危险的威胁，心绪烦乱。闯红灯的巨大影响不是昭然若揭吗。如果虚伪是罪恶对德行的回报的话，那鬼鬼祟祟就是真正的不法分子对法规的赞扬。但是闯红灯者不尊重任何社会规则，社会受到鲁莽无耻藐视基本秩序的再三伤害。Para.6Scofflawareofapieceasasymptomofelementarysocialdemoralization.Ofapiece:arelikeeachotherincharacterSymptom:signoftheillnessE.g.:patientswithflusymptoms...有流感症状的病人Oneofthemostcommonsymptomsofschizophreniaishearingimaginaryvoices.精神分裂症的最常见的一个症状就是幻听。Elementarysocialdemoralization:Moral–moralize–moralize:tellingpeoplewhattheythinkisrightorwrong进行训诫，进行说教，教化Demoralize:makessb.losesomuchconfidenceinwhattheyaredoingthattheywanttogiveup使士气低落，使意志消沉；使陷入混乱,e.g.:Theship'screwwerenowexhaustedandutterlydemoralized.这艘船上的船员现在都已精疲力竭，彻底丧失了信心。Demoralization:thelingeringdemoralizationthatfolloweddefeatinWorldWarI.第一次世界大战战败之后挥之不去的消沉情绪Paraphrase4:(L52—54)Howeverdifferentinforms,today’sscofflawsareanindicationthatthesocietyhasbasicallybeendegradedmorally.Itsmembersseemstohavelosttheirabilitytodisciplinethemselvesinsuchaswaythattheinterestsofothershasbeendulytakencareof.Para.7Theprospectofthecollapseofpublicmannersisnotmerelyamatterofetiquette.ViolentoutbreaksinHouston:1)flasheshigh-beamlights,hurlabeercan,kickouthistaillights,slughimeightstitches’worth;2)dump-truckdriversbatterstrunkofstalledcaraheadanditsdriverwithsteelbolt;3)hurryingdrivers…deliberatelyrear-endscar…staywithin55m.p.h.limit.14.slug:hithard,especiallywithfistSlog:hithard:slogattheball;slogtheballovertheboundary把球击过边界线Slog/sweatone’sgutsout–fightorstruggleuntilaconclusionisreached斗出胜负Slog(away)atsth:workhardandsteadilyatsth.勤劳而踏实的工作:slogawayatmyaccounts.勤恳地管理我的帐目Librarywork:9.Rearend(L64):(U.S)collide,orcause(one’svehicle)tocollidewiththerearendofanothervehicleFlash,high-beamlight,taillightsCar:bumper,headlight,sidelight/parkinglight,numberplate/licenseplate,indicator,tyre/tire,hood/bonnet引擎盖,windscreen/windshield挡风玻璃，windshield/windscreenwiper,wing/fender翼子板；wingmirror/sidemirror,petrolcap/gastankdoor油箱门,doorhandle车门把手，rearwindow,hubcap轮毂盖，mudflap/splashguard挡泥板，boot/trunk行李箱，rearlight/taillight车尾灯,rear-viewmirror,airvent,dashboard仪表板，speedmeter车速计，petrolgauge/gasgauge汽油计量器，choke风门，horn，ignition，brake,clutch,heater,gearlever/gearshift,handbrake,accelerator/gaspedal,steeringwheel,windowwinder/roller,armrest,seatbelt,dippedheadlight近光灯，high-beamlightfoglight雾灯，batterregularlyhitandbadlyhurtbyamemberoftheirfamilyorbytheirpartner.evidencethatthechildwasbeingbattered.这个孩子被家人毒打的证据...boyswhowitnessfathersbatteringtheirmothers.目睹父亲殴打母亲的男孩们Para.8ScoffLawryatvariouslevelsofsociallifewasbynomeansalessseriousmenacetothefoundationoflawoftheU.Sthanviolentcrimes.(implied)15.skirt:avoid;keepdistantfrom;goaroundtheedgeof16.mandate:commandfromasuperiorofficialtoaninferiorone;authoritativecommand（1）carryoutaparticularpolicyortask,theyhavetheauthoritytocarryitoutasaresultofwinninganelectionorvote.(政府或经选举组建的机构的)授权，委托ThePresidentandhissupportersarealmostcertaintoreadthisvoteasamandateforcontinuedeconomicreform...总统及其支持者几乎肯定地认为这次投票是对继续进行经济改革的授权。Theunionalreadyhasamandatefromitsconferencetoballotforastrike.工会已经得到大会的授权为罢工进行投票。3.VERBtocarryoutaparticularpolicyortask,bytheofficialauthoritytodoit.(正式)授权;委任(1)He'dbeenmandatedbytheWestAfricanEconomicCommunitytogoinandtoenforceaceasefire...他受西非经济共同体的委托介入并执行停火协定。(2)TheelectionsaremandatedbyapeaceaccordsignedbythegovernmentlastMay.选举是在去年5月政府签署的和平协议的授权下进行的。4.VERB批准;颁布;强制执行Tomandatesomethingmeanstomakeitmandatory.(1)Theproposedinitiativewouldmandateareductionofcarbondioxideof40%...倡议将强制规定把二氧化碳排放量降低40%。(2)QuebecmandatedthatallimmigrantssendtheirchildrentoFrenchschools.魁北克省颁布法令，强制所有移民将子女送进法语学校就读。17.constituent:voters18.subvert:(1)underminetheprincipleof(apoliticalsystem,religiousfaith,etc.)颠覆，破坏（政治制度，宗教信仰等）:subvertthemonarchy推翻君主政体；writingthatsubvertChristianity攻击基督教教义的文字(2)corruptthemoralsorloyaltyof(sb.)使某人道德败坏或者不忠Adiplomatsubvertedbyaforeignpower受外国势力影响而变节点外交官SubversionSubversive:tryingtoorlikelytoweakenordestroyapoliticalsystem,anacceptedbelief,etc.为削弱或破坏某种政治制度，公认的信仰等；颠覆性的:subversivepropaganda颠覆性的宣传Asubversivebook,speaker,influence具有煽动性的书、演讲者、影响Washerspeechsubversiveoflawandorder?(n.)asubversiveperson19.enact:institute;levy.E.g.:Congressenactedataxreformbill.国会使税收改革提案成为法律20.puny:insignificant21.nullify:declarelegallyvoidnullifyacontract取消合同nullifyone'sefforts使某人徒劳22.desegregationrulings:official(court)decisionsondesegregation废除种族隔离Desegregate:toofficiallystopkeepingthepeoplewhouseitinseparategroups,especiallygroupsthataredefinedbyrace.E.g.:(1)effortstodesegregatesport...为废除体育领域的种族隔离所作的努力(2)Theschoolsystemitselfisnottotallydesegregated.教育体系本身并没有完全废除种族隔离。Librarywork:Forbidden(L69)theforbiddingbylawofthemanufactureandsaleofintoxicationdrinksintheU.S.Afrom1920to1933.legitimacyAsiftoprovethelegitimacyofthesefears,theCabinetofFranzvonPapencollapsedonDecember2.仿佛是要印证这些恐惧事出有因似的，弗朗茨·冯·巴本的内阁于12月2日倒台了。legitimatelyTheycouldquarrelquitelegitimatelywithsomeofmychoices.他们大有理由不同意我的一些选择。Para.8legitimateisacceptableaccordingtothelaw.TheFrenchgovernmenthascondemnedthecoupinHaitiandhasdemandedtherestorationofthelegitimategovernment...法国政府对海地政变表示谴责，并要求恢复合法政府的地位。Thegovernmentwillnotseektodisruptthelegitimatebusinessactivitiesofthedefendant.政府无意干扰被告的合法经营活动。legitimacyTheoppositionpartiesdonotrecognizethepoliticallegitimacyofhisgovernment.反对党不承认他的政府在政治上的合法性。legitimatelyThegovernmenthasbeenlegitimatelyelectedbythepeople.政府是由人民依法选出的。2.reasonableandjustified合情理的；有道理的；正当的That'saperfectlylegitimatefear...怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。TheNewYorkTimeshasalegitimateclaimtobeanationalnewspaper.《纽约时报》有理由称自己是一份全国性报纸。Transgress:breakamorallaworaruleofbehaviour.(against)违犯道德(或行为)准则e.g.:(1)Ifapoliticiantransgresses,thatisnotthefaultofthemedia.如果政客行为失检，那可不是媒体的责任。(2)...amonkwhohadtransgressedagainstthelawofcelibacy...触犯禁欲戒律的僧侣Itseemedtomethathehadtransgressedtheboundariesofgoodtaste.在我看来他有伤大雅。transgressionTalesofthecandidate'sallegedpasttransgressionshavebegunspringingup.有关这位候选人所谓的过往越轨行为的流言蜚语已经开始涌现。Nullify:(1)declarethatitisnotlegallyvalid使失去法律效力;废除;取消(正式)Heusedhisbroadexecutivepowerstonullifydecisionsbylocalgovernments...他利用自己适用范围广泛的行政权力废止当地政府所作的决定。Itisworthrememberingthatpreviouswillsarenullifiedautomaticallyuponmarriage.要记住的是，一旦结婚，原遗嘱自动失效。2.tomakeithavenoeffect.(正式)使无效;使无用;抵消Hemaybeabletonullifythatdisadvantagebyofferingawidervarietyofp