【创新设计】高考英语总复习 216第六章情态动词和虚拟语气（江苏专用）

第六章情态动词和虚拟语气

△情态动词和虚拟语气讲解△一、情态动词(一)情态动词的基本用法1．can/could(1)表“能力”。【例1】Justbepatient.You________expecttheworldtochangesosoon. (2010·全国Ⅰ)A．can't B．needn'tC．maynot D．whether答案A【例2】We________eatinarestaurantbecausenoneofushadanymoneyonus.A．can't B．couldn'tC．maynot D．mightnot答案B(2)表“许可”。回答could的提问常用can，一般不用could。【例3】—CouldIuseyourbike?—Yes,surelyyou________.A．mightB．willC．canD．could答案C(3)could一般只表过去的能力；若表示过去的能力得到了实施，一般用was/wereableto，不用could。【例4】Thefirespreadthroughoutthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone________getout.A．hadto B．wouldC．could D．wasableto答案D2．may/might(1)表“许可”(＝can)。若表示“不可以、禁止”，用mustn't或can't。回答might的提问常用may，一般不用might。【例5】—________Itakethebookout?—I'mafraidnot. (2010·四川)A．WillB．MayC．MustD．Need答案B【例6】—MightIuseyourpen?—Yes,ofcourseyou________.A．mayB．mustC．couldD．might答案A【例7】—MayIwatchTVnow?—No,you________.A．canB．mustn'tC．couldn'tD．mightn't答案B(2)may表“祝愿”，置句首，主谓要倒装。【例8】Goodlucktoyou,and________allyourwishescometrue!A．canB．mayC．mustD．might答案B3．must/haveto(1)表“必须”。must强调主观看法；haveto强调客观需要。【例9】

①Thisisabadparty—Wereally________go.②Thisisalovelyparty,butwe________gobecauseofourbaby.A．mustB．mayC．canD．haveto答案①A②D(2)mustn't意为“禁止、不准”；haven'tto意为“不必”(＝needn't)。【例10】You________practicethedrumswhilethebabyissleeping.A．haven'tto B．mightn'tC．mustn't D．won't答案C(3)must表“偏要、硬要”。【例11】Why________youalwaysinterruptme?A．canB．willC．mayD．must答案C【例12】—MayIsmokehere?—Ifyou________，chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A．shouldB．couldC．mayD．must答案D(4)以must开头的一般疑问句，若要作否定回答，常用needn't或haven'tto，一般不用mustn't。【例13】—MustIcomeatfouro'clock?—Oh，no.You________comeatfour.A．won'tB．needn'tC．can'tD．mustn't答案B4．oughtto/should(1)意为“应该”，表义务或责任，oughtto的语气比should稍重。【例14】It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack________behereatanymoment.A．mustB．needC．shouldD．can答案C(2)should表“竟然、万一”。【例15】Youcan'timaginethatawell­behavedgentleman________besorudetoalady.A．mightB．needC．shouldD．would答案C【例16】Ifyou________haveanydifficultyingettingspareparts,ringthisnumber.A．oughtto B．shouldC．will D．would答案B5．need(1)意为“需要”，作情态动词用时，须跟动词原形，无人称、数、时态的变化，一般只用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用作行为动词。【例17】—Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.—You________.I'mnotaskingyouforit.A．mustn't B．maynotC．can't D．needn't答案D【例18】Idon'tthinkhe________anewcomputer.A．needtobuy B．needsbuyC．needbuy D．need答案C(2)以need开头的一般疑问句，若要作肯定回答，常用must，一般不用need。【例19】—NeedIcome?—Yes,you________.A．needB．mustC．needn'tD．mustn't答案B6．dare意为“敢”，作情态动词用时，须跟动词原形，有过去式(dared)，无人称、数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。在肯定句中一般用作行为动词。【例20】Iwonderhowhe________thattotheteacher.A．daretosay B．daresayingC．notdaresay D．daredsay答案D【例21】She________tellthebossbecauseshedoesn'twanttomaketrouble.A．doesn'tdareto B．notdareC．daren'tto D．daresnotto答案A7．shall(1)用于疑问句中征求意见，主语是第一、三人称。【例22】Let'sgoshopping,________we?A．don'tB．willC．shallD．mustn't答案C【例23】ProfessorSmith,manystudentswanttoseeyou.________theywaithereoroutside?A．DoB．WillC．ShallD．Would答案C(2)用于陈述句中表示说话人的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令等，主语多为第二、三人称。【例24】—Ihaven'tgotthereferencebookyet,butI'llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don'tworry.You________haveitbyFriday.(2010·江苏)A．couldB．shallC．mustD．may答案B【例25】—Mikeisabsentfromclass.—Tellhimhe________answerforitifhegoesonbehavinglikethat.A．shallB．willC．wouldD．can答案A8．will/would(1)用于征求意见，主语是第二人称。【例26】—________youbeherewhenwegetback?—Surely.A．ShallB．WillC．DoD．Mustn't答案B(2)表“意志、意愿”，用于各种人称。主语若为无生命的东西，won't不表意愿，而是“就是不……”之意。【例27】Ipushedthesecond­handcarinthemudwithmyfullstrength,butit________move.A．won'tB．wouldn'tC．mightn'tD．couldn't答案B(3)表“习惯”，will指现在的习惯，would指过去的习惯。【例28】Whenhewasthere,he________gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A．would B．shouldC．hadbetter D．might答案A(二)情态动词表推测的用法推测现在的情况，后接动词原形；推测正在进行的情况，后接动词的进行时；推测过去的情况，后接动词的完成时。1．must只用于肯定句中，意为“一定”。【例29】—Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.—Ah,goodmorning.You________beMrs.Peter.(2010·北京)A．mightB．mustC．wouldD．can答案B【例30】Ididn'thearthephone.I________asleep.A．mustbe B．musthavebeenC．shouldbe D．shouldhave答案B【例31】—DoyouknowwhatTomisdoingatthecrossroads?—He________forhisgirlfriend.A．shouldwait B．mustbewaitingC．canhavewaited D．mightwaiting答案B2．can/could多用于否定句或疑问句中，二者一般没有时间上的差异，只是could的语气更客气委婉。can't/couldn't意为“不可能”。【例32】I'mafraidMr.Harding________seeyounow.He'sbusy.

(2010·全国Ⅱ)A．can't B．mustn'tC．shouldn't D．needn't答案A【例33】—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It________acomfortablejourney.A．can'tbe B．shouldn'tbeC．mustn'thavebeen D．couldn'thavebeen答案D【例34】TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit________beveryslow.A．shouldB．mustC．willD．can答案D3．may/might用于肯定句或否定句中，might不是may的过去式，只是might的可能性比may小。maynot/mightn't意为“可能不”。【例35】Peter________comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A．mustB．mayC．canD．will答案B【例36】—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe________not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A．mustB．mightC．canD．need答案B【例37】—Ican'tunderstandwhyourbossislate.—He________theearlybus.A．couldmiss B．mayhavemissedC．canhavemissed D．mightmiss答案B4．oughtto/should意为“按理应该”。【例38】—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They________bereadyby12∶00.A．canB．shouldC．mightD．need答案B(三)“情态动词＋havedone”的虚拟用法1．oughtto/shouldhavedone表示过去本应该做而实际上未做，含有责备的口气。【例39】I________havewatchedthatmovie—it'llgivemehorribledreams.(2010·山东)A．shouldn'tB．needn'tC．couldn'tD．mustn't答案A【例40】—I'lltellMaryabouttheresultofherfinalexamination.—You________heryesterday.A．oughttotell B．maytellC．wouldhavetold D．oughttohavetold答案D2．couldhavedone表示过去本能够做而实际上未做，含有责备或遗憾之意。【例41】—You________yourteacherforhelp.Heiskind－hearted.—Yes.Awholedaywaswasted.A．can B．musthaveaskedC．couldhaveasked D．shouldn'thaveasked答案C3．mighthavedone表示过去本可以做而实际上未做，含有责备或遗憾之意。【例42】He________youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A．mighthavegiven B．mightgiveC．mayhavegiven D．maygive答案A4．needn'thavedone表示过去本没有必要做，但实际上做了，含有遗憾之意。【例43】Mark________havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly. (2010·天津)A．needn'tB．wouldn'tC．mustn'tD．couldn't答案A【例44】Shewastoonervoustoreply,butfortunatelyshe________anything.A．didn'tneedtosay B．needn'thavesaidC．needn'tsay D．doesn'tneedtosay答案A二、虚拟语气(一)虚拟条件句的三种基本类型1．若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用一般过去时(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“would(should，could，might)＋动词原形”。【例45】Ifplaces________alike,there________littleneedforgeographers.A．are；shouldbe B．are；willbeC．were；be D．were；wouldbe答案D2．若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时，主句谓语用“would(should，could，might)＋have＋过去分词”。【例46】Ifhe________，he________thatfood.Luckily,hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A．waswarned；wouldnottakeB．hadbeenwarned；wouldnothavetakenC．wouldbewarned；hadnottakenD．wouldhavebeenwarned；hadnottaken答案B3．若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用一般过去时(be通常用were)或should＋动词原形或wereto＋动词原形，主句谓语用“would(should，could，might)＋动词原形”。【例47】Whatwouldhappeniftheearth________stopturning?A．willB．wouldC．couldD．wereto答案D【例48】—Ithinkit________muchbetterifhe________ajobsoon.—Yes,Iagreewithyou.A．wouldbe；got B．is；willgetC．wouldhavebeen；hadgot D．willbe；got答案A注：当条件从句使用“should＋动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句也可用陈述语气或祈使句。【例49】Letmeknowifyou________somemorenews.A．heard B．wouldhearC．shouldhear D．weretohear答案C【例50】Ifyou________interested,I________youthewholestory.A．shouldbe；willtell B．wereto；willtellC．were；willtell D．are；wouldtell答案A(二)错综时间虚拟条件句所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句却指现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作出相应的调整。【例51】Weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrowifwe________everythingreadybynow.A．haven'tgot B．hadn'tgotC．didn't D．don'tget答案B【例52】Ifhe________quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A．lies B．layC．hadlain D．shouldlie答案C(三)含蓄虚拟条件句假设情况不用if从句来表示，而是用without，butfor，otherwise，or，but等表示一种含蓄条件。表示与现在或将来相反，用“would(should，could，might)＋动词原形”；表示与过去相反用“would(should，could，might)＋have＋过去分词”。【例53】Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnight________forustolive.A．wouldbefreezingcoldB．willbefreezingcoldlyC．wouldbefrozencoldD．canfreezecoldly答案A【例54】Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball.Otherwisehe________agoal.A．hadscored B．scoredC．wouldscore D．wouldhavescored答案D【例55】Butforthestorm,we________earlier.A．willarrive B．shouldhavearrivedC．arrive D．arrived答案B(四)虚拟语气的省略与倒装有时可将连词if省略，而将从句中的were，should，had提到主语之前。【例56】Whatwouldhavehappened,________，asfarastheriverbank?A．BobhadwalkedfartherB．ifBobshouldwalkfartherC．hadBobwalkedfartherD．ifBobwalkedfarther答案C【例57】________youbefired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A．WouldB．ShouldC．WereD．Will答案B【例58】________takengoodcareof,hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly.A．Hashebeennot B．HadhenotbeenC．Hasnothebeen D．Hadhebeennot答案B(五)使用虚拟语气的几种从句1．wish后的宾语从句和ifonly后的句子：表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或“would(could)＋have＋过去分词”；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，常用“would(could)＋动词原形”。【例59】HowIwisheveryfamily________alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A．has B．hadC．willhave D．hashad答案B【例60】IwishI________youyesterday.A．seen B．sawC．hadseen D．weretosee答案C【例61】Ifonlyhe________whatItellhim,buthewon't.A．haddone B．wouldhavedoneC．woulddo D．hasdone答案C2．asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句或表语从句：表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用“would(could)＋动词原形”。【例62】Itseemsasifthesun________roundtheearthsinceitrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.A．circles B．iscirclingC．werecircling D．hasbeencircling答案C注：若从句所说的内容可能为事实，也可用陈述语气。【例63】Thelastbushasleft.Itseemsasifwe________towalkhome.A．shallhave B．hadC．wouldhave D．hadhad答案A3．It's(high/about)time后的定语从句：从句谓语通常用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”(should不可省)。【例64】—Istillhaven'tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent.—It'stimeyou________it.A．doB．didC．hadD．would答案B4．wouldrather后的宾语从句：通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。【例65】Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhe________moreonitsculture.(2010·江苏)A．focus B．focusedC．wouldfocus D．hadfocused答案B5．一个“坚持”(insist)、两个“命令”(order，command)、三个“建议”(advise，suggest，propose)、四个“要求”(demand，require，request，ask)后的宾语从句：一般用”should＋动词原形”(should可省)。【例66】Thejudgeorderedthatthethief________punished.A．wouldbe B．shouldbeC．wastobe D．mustbe答案B【例67】He________thathecouldfinishthejobwithoutanyhelp.A．claimed B．requiredC．demanded D．asked答案A注：动词insist，suggest后的宾语从句除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，区别是：若从句内容尚未成为事实，用虚拟语气；从句内容已经成为事实，用陈述语气

【例68】Theyoungmaninsistedthathe________nothingwrongand________free.A．did；set B．haddone；shouldbesetC．do；beset D．does；wouldbeset答案B【