Unit 3 Getting along with others 课时作业（三）-高三英语一轮复习牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册

课时作业（三）必修一Unit3GettingalongwithothersI.阅读理解A（2022·高三湖北十一校联考）Weallknowthatfriendsarespecialpeoplewhomweshareourliveswith,andwhosharetheirliveswithusinreturn.Butseekingfriendsandkeepingthefriendshipgoingarenevereasy.AccordingtoresearchrecentlypublishedintheJournalofSocialandPersonalRelationships,thekeyistouse“we-talk”.LedbyUniversityofCaliforniapsychologistMeganRobbinsandhercolleagues,theresearchersreviewedandanalyzed30differentstudiesinvolvingover5,000participants.Thislargest-everanalysisof“we-talk”suggestedthatthefrequentuseof“we”and“us”islinkedtohappierandhealthierrelationships.Theword“we”movespeoplefromanindividualpositionintoapartnership,whichmakesusmoreinterdependent.“Thepronounsofferaninsightintowhetherpeopleseethemselvesasindividualsoraspartofawhole.Worduseisawindowintowhatpeoplearethinkingandfeelingwithoutaskingthem,”RobbinstoldScienceDaily.Theirresearchalsofoundthat“we-talk”ishelpfulinresolvingconflicts.“Theprimarypointisthatinterdependencemaybringaboutsupportiveandrelationship-centeredbehavioursandpositiveperceptions(看法)ofthepartner-especiallyimportantintimesofstressandconflict,”saidstudyauthorAlexanderKaran.US-basedmagazinePsychologyTodayusedtheword“union”todescribetheimpactonapartneruponhearing“we-talk”.Contraryto“we-talk”,thereis“I-talk”,whichreferstothefrequentuseoffirst-personsingularpronouns,suchas“I”,“me”,and“mine”,whenwritingorspeaking.Earlierthisyear,researchersfromtheUniversityofArizona,US,analyzedasetofdatathatcamefrom4,700peopleinGermanyandtheUS.Theyfoundthattoomuch“I-talk”isanaccuratelinguisticmarkerforthelikelihoodthatsomeoneisfeelingstressedorexperiencingnegativeemotions.“Ifyouarespeakinginapersonalcontext—soyou’respeakingaboutsomethingthat’sofrelevancetoyou,”leadresearcherAllisonTackmantoldTheIndependent.“Butifyou’recommunicatinginacontextthat’smoreimpersonal,suchasdescribingapicture,wedidnotseetherelationshipemerge.”Asyoucanseefromthetwostudies,toomuch“I-talk”canmakeyoufeeldepressed.But“we-talk”canencourageyoutobecomemorepositiveandcreatearippleeffect(连锁反应)ofhealthyinterdependencewithothers.Sonexttimeyou'retalkingtoafriend,tryusingmore“we-talk”.Youmayfindyourselffeelingmorepositive—andtheeffectitwillhaveonyourfriendwillbepositiveaswell.1.AccordingtoMeganRobbinsandhercolleagues’research,wecaninferthefollowingEXCEPT.A.toomuch“I-talk”certainlyindicatespressureordepressionB.morethan5,000peoplewereinvolvedintheirresearchC.themoreweuse“we”andus”,thehappierwemayfeelD.“we-talk”mayhelpusbuildbetterteamworkinourwork2.Whatcanbethebenefitof“we-talk”？A.Wemayavoidargumentsandconflictswithit.B.Itmayhelppromotefriendshipinourlife.C.Itcanhelpproduceafeelingofindividualism.D.Wecanbecomemoreindependentofothers.3.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph8mean?A.Apersontendstouse“I-talk”toomuchifheisexperienced.B.“I-talk”isanexactlinguisticmarkerforpeople’sfeelings.C.Ifapersonuses“I-talk”alot,heisprobablyinabadmood.D.Itispossiblethatsomeonelikes“I-talk”whenheisinanimpersonalcontext.4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Using“we-talk"contributestobuildinggoodsocialrelationships.B.Theimportanceofchoosingthewordinourdailyconversation.C.Usingtoomuch“I-talk”mayleadyoutobecomeupset.D.Introductionto“we-talk"inourdailycommunication.B（2022·南通市高三调研）Thereismorethatcomeswitholderagethangreyinghairandwrinkledskin.Whenhumansreachtheirlateryears,theyfavourmoreestablishedfriendsandtheirsocialcirclesarereduced.Now,forwhatappearstobethefirsttime,scientistshaveseenthesamebehaviourinanotherspecies.Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees(黑猩猩)revealthatoldermaleschoosetohangoutwiththeirlong-termfriendsattheexpenseofotherrelationships.Theresearchersstudied78,000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016thatfollowedthesocialinteractionsof21malechimpanzeesbetweentheagesof15and58yearsold.Theyclassifiedthechimps’relationshipsdependingontheamountoftimetheysatwithothersandgroomedthem.Theythenratedthevariouspairingsasmutual(相互的)friendships,wherebothchimpsrelationshipseemedtoenjoytherelationship;one-sidedfriendships,whereonechimpwasmorekeentobeafriendthantheother;andnon-friendships,whereneitherchimpshowedinterestintheother.Whenthescientistslookedatthepatternsoffriendships,theyfoundthattheolderchimpshadmoremutualfriendshipsandfewerone-sidedfriendshipsthanyoungerchimps.Anotherfeatureseeninolderhumanswasalsospottedinthechimps.Asthemalesgotolder,theirlevelsofaggression(挑衅)tailedoff,meaningtheystartedfewerfightsandtendedtointimidateothersintheirgrouplessoften.Theobservationshavelefttheresearcherspuzzled.Accordingtoanideainpsychologyknownassocioemotionalselectivitytheory,orSST,olderhumansprefermorepositiverelationshipsbecausetheyareawaretimeisrunningout.Butmanyanimalexpertsarguethatchimpanzeeslackthehumansenseofmortality,suggestingsomethingelseisdrivingthebehaviour.RobinDunbar,aprofessorofevolutionarypsychologyattheUniversityofOxford,saidinhumans,thedeclineinsocialcircleswithageisduetothedecliningsocialmotivationtogetoutandmeetpeoplecombinedwithlackofopportunity.Inchimpanzees,asoldermalescompetelessformates,theymayfocusonclosereciprocalrelationshipswithtrustedpartners,Robinsaid.5.Whatdooldermalechimpanzeesfavour?A.Oldfriendships. B.Newbonds. C.Greyinghair. D.Wrinkledskin.6.Howdidtheresearchersdrawtheirconclusionaboutchimpanzees?A.Byturningtootherscientists. B.Byintroducinganewconcept.C.Byformingrelationshipswiththem. D.Byanalyzingabouttwodecades’observations.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidate”inParagraph4mean?A.Threaten. B.Motivate. C.Defend. D.Accompany.8.AccordingtoRobinDunbar,whataccountsfordecliningsocialcirclesinchimpanzees?A.Awarenessoftime. B.Lesscompetitionformates.C.Lowmotivationforsocialization. D.Lackofthehumansenseofmortality.II.完形填空（2022·福建省高三质检）WhenLeahwas10,shesawaneedforchangeintheworld.“Peoplearesupposedtoshow1andsympathy,”shesays.“Butthatwasn’thappening.”Leahdecidedto2herhand-madebracelets(手镯)atalocaleventandaskedeachpersonwhogotonetodoakinddeedforsomeoneelse.Anote3toeachbraceletsaid,“Let’sjustshowotherpeopletheyare4.”AsLeahgaveoutbracelets,5spread.Shebegantoreceivebraceletrequestsworldwide,andtohearfrompeoplewho’ddeliveredkinddeeds.Oneperson6atiredstoreclerkwithsandwiches.Anotherpaidforastranger’scoffee.“Astorythat7touchedmyheartwasthatsomeoneestablishedahomelesscamp!”shesays.WhenLeahcouldn’t8requestsforthebracelets,shebegansellingwristbands(腕带)with“KindnessTravels”ontheoutsideand“kind”ontheinsidein9languages.Sofar,shehassentout10,000wristbands.Shehas10apartyforkidsatahomelessshelter,paidrentforhurricane11andmore,usingthemoneyfromwristbands12anddonations.Leahhopesto13otherkidswhowanttohelpothers.“Justcomeupwithideas!Neverbe14,”shesays.“Ageisjusta15.Youalwayshavethepowertodosomething.”1.A.pleasure B.patience C.love D.curiosity2.A.pickup B.putaway C.showoff D.handout3.A.compared B.attached C.opened D.connected4.A.ignored B.infected C.valued D.engaged5.A.word B.passion C.anxiety D.happiness6.A.bothered B.surprised C.upset D.embarrassed7.A.genuinely B.hardly C.slightly D.relatively8.A.deny B.advance C.meet D.delay9.A.native B.complex C.natural D.different10.A.attended B.organized C.canceled D.postponed11.A.victims B.researchers C.reporters D.observers12.A.sales B.funds C.designs D.advertisements13.A.respect B.contact C.recommend D.encourage14.A.mean B.scared C.content D.proud15.A.gap B.problem C.number D.barrierIII.写作（2022·大连市高三质检）高中时你一定参加过很多社会实践活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍一次难忘的社会实践活动，内容包括：1.时间、地点；2.活动过程；3.个人感受。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.题目已为你写好，不计入总词数。AnUnforgettableSocialPracticeActivity课时作业（三）I.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，和朋友谈话时频繁使用“we-talk”会使谈话更舒服，更快乐。1.A细节理解题。根据第三段中的theresearchersreviewed...over5,000participants可知，应排除B项；根据第三段中的thefrequentuseof...happierandhealthierrelationships可知，应排除C项；根据第四段中Theword“we”...makesusmoreinterdependent.可知，应排除D项。A项不属于MeganRobbins和她的同事们的研究结果，故选A.2.B细节理解题。根据第四段中的Theword“we”...makesusmoreinterdependent.可知，“我们”这个词使人们从个人的立场转变为合作关系，这使我们更加相互依赖，故选B.3.C句意理解题。根据画线句的意思（他们发现，太多的“I-talk”是一个准确的语言标志，表明一个人可能正感到紧张或正经历负面情绪）可知，如果一个人使用太多“I-talk”，说明这个人可能心情不好，故选C.4.A主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Butseekingfriendsandkeepingthefriendshipgoingarenevereasy.和第二段内容以及第三段中的thefrequentuseof...happierandhealthierrelationships可知，本文主要讲述谈话时使用“we-talk”有助于建立良好的社交关系，故选A.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家们通过研究1996年至2016年间对猩猩的观察发现，年老的黑猩猩与年老的人类有类似之处：他们更喜欢与老朋友交往、交际圈也变小了。5.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees(黑猩猩)...attheexpenseofotherrelationships.可知，年老的黑猩猩更喜欢与老朋友交往。6.D细节理解题。根据第三段中的Theresearchersstudied78,000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016可知，研究者们是通过分析约20年的观察得出结论的。7.A词义猜测题。根据画线词前的theirlevelsofaggression(挑衅)tailedoff,meaningtheystartedfewerfights可推知，此处表示“威胁团体中的他人的这种行为不经常发生了”。8.B细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Inchimpanzees,asoldermalescompetelessformates,theymayfocusonclosereciprocalrelationshipswithtrustedpartners可知，年老的黑猩猩更少地为伴侣而竞争，他们可能专注于信任的伙伴间的亲近的、互惠的关系。II.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Leah在10岁时看到世界需要改变，于是她决定在一场本地活动中分发手工制作的手镯，并请求得到手镯的人为他人做一件好事。后来她开始卖带有“传递善良”字样的腕带，并用所得的钱与捐赠物帮助更多的人。1.C根据下文讲述Leah分发手工制作的手镯，并请求收到手镯的人为他人做一件好事可知，人们应该表现出爱和同情。2.D根据第三段中的AsLeahgaveoutbracelets可知，Leah是在分发手镯。3.B此处是指在每