机械工程导论(双语)课件一

mechanicalengineeringAnintroductionto1Lecturer:LiuJu-rongCHAPTER1TheMechanicalEngineeringProfessionOVERVIEW1WHATISENGINEERING?23WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?

2CAREERPATHS4TYPYCALPROGRAMOFSTUDY5Vocabulary3internalcombustionengine内燃机roboticweldingequipment机械手焊接装置prostheticlimb弥补性的，置换的，假肢jetengine喷气式发动机physicalquantity物理量trillionfold百万兆（1012）autofocuslens自聚焦透镜rowingmachine划船机stairclimber爬楼梯机drillpress台钻Vocabulary4turbopump涡轮泵turbines汽轮机condenser压缩机SpaceShuttle航天飞机robot机器人machinetool机床materialshandlingsystem物料搬运系统industrialproductionequipment工业生产装备accelerationsensor加速度传感器1OVERVIEW----disciplineofmechanicalengineering5machinecomponentsforcesmaterialsenergymotiondesignWhat"elements”isconcernedinthedisciplineofmechanicalengineering?6FIGURE1.1Mechanicalengineersdesignandtestcomplexhighspeedmachinerysuchasthisdieselpowerplant（柴油机动力装置）forhighwayconstructionequipment．Source：ReprintedcourtesyofCaterpillarInc.1OVERVIEW---anexampleofmechanicalengineersdesign1OVERVIEW----mechanicalpowerrange710-3W103W106W109W1WAthleteAutomobileenginePowerplantWatt10-3hp103hp106hp1hpUltrasonicmotorMachinetoolsShuttlefuelpumpHorsepowerFIGURE1.2Mechanicalengineersworkwithmachinestheproduceorconsumepoweroveraremarkablywiderange8FIGURE1.3Close-upviewofaSpaceShuttlemainengineduringattestinwhichitisswiveledtoevaluatesteeringperformanceduringsimulatedflightconditions.

Source：ReprintedwithpermissionofNASA．1OVERVIEW----anexampleofmechanicalhighpower1OVERVIEW---Theabilitytobeavailableinthischapter9Afterstudy,whatshouldyoubeabletohave?Describethedifferencesbetweenengineersandscientistsandmathematicians.Describethetypeofworkthatmechanicalengineersdo,andlistsomeofthetechnicalissuesthattheyaddress.Discussthetypesofindustriesandgovernmentalagenciesthatemploymechanicalengineers.Listsomeoftheproducts,processes,andhardwarewithwhichmechanicalengineerswork.Describenotableachievementsofthemechanicalengineeringprofession.Understandthestructureandobjectivesofatypicalcurriculumformechanicalengineeringstudents.2WHATISENGINEERING?---Basicconcepts

Whatisengineering?

Whoisengineer?10ThewordengineeringderivesfromtheLatinrootingeniere,meaningtodesignortodevise,whichalsoformsthebasisofthewordingenious.Engineersapplytheirknowledgeofmathematics,science,materials,andphysicalprinciples--aswellastheirskillsincommunicationsandbusiness--inordertodevelopnewandbetterproductsandmachines.Ratherthanexperimentsolelythroughtrialanderror,anengineerdesignsfaster,moreaccurately,andmoreeconomicallybyusingmathematics,computers,andscienceasresources.112WHATISENGINEERING?---anexampleFIGURE1.4Aremarkableengineeringachievement,theSpaceShuttleAtlantisthundersintoorbitasitstwinsolidrocketboostersandthreemainenginesproduce7millionpoundsofthrust.

Source：ReprintedwithpermissionofNASA．2WHATISENGINEERING?----engineers’skillcombination12EngineeringScienceComputersimulationHardwareMathematicsFIGURE1.5Engineerscombinetheirskillsinmathematics,science,computers,andhardware.2WHATISENGINEERING?---traditionaldisciplines13mechanicalelectricalmaterialscivilchemicalthetraditionaldisciplinesofengineering2WHATISENGINEERING?----workingfieldsofengineers14FIGURE1.6Percentagesofengineersworkinginvariousengineeringfields.Allotherengineers28%Electricalandelectronics24%Mechanical15%Civil13%Industrial9%Aerospace4%Chemical3%Materials1%Petroleum1%Nuclear1%Mining1%3WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?---definition15Theyalsodeveloppower-usingmachinessuchasrefrigerationandair-conditioningequipment,robotsusedinmanufacturing,machinetools,materialshandlingsystems,andindustrialproductionequipment.Mechanicalengineersresearch,develop,design,manufactureandtesttools,engines,machines,andothermechanicaldevices.Theyworkonpower-producingmachinessuchaselectricity-producinggenerators,internalcombustionengines,steamandgasturbines,andjetandrocketengines.16FIGURE1.7Robotsareextensivelyusedinautomatedindustrialassemblylinesandinmanufacturingapplicationsthatrequireprecisionwhenrepetitivetasksarebeingperformed,asintheassemblyandarcweldingoperationsshownhere.Source:ReprintedwithpermissionofFANUCRoboticsNorthAmericaInc.3WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?---anexample17automobilesaircraftventilationimplantsreplacementheartvalvesequipmentfordetectingexplosivesroboticmanufacturingsystemsjetenginesThefieldofMechanicalEngineersmicroelectro-mechanicalcomputerharddrivesplanetaryexplorationandcommunicationsspacecraftdeep-searesearchvesselsair-conditioningsystemscellphonesheavyconstructionequipmentartificialhipheatingAccelerationsensors3WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?---

-----workingfieldsofmechanicalengineers3WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?---

---mechanicalengineering’smajorachievements181).Theautomobile2).TheApolloprogram3).Powergeneration4).Agriculturalmechanization5).Theairplane6).Integratedcircuitmassproduction7).Air-Conditioningandrefrigeration8).Computer-aidedengineeringtechnology9).Bioengineering

10).CodesandstandardsWhatisthemechanicalengineering'stopteninthetwentiethcentury?193WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?----theautomobileFIGURE1.8Onaday-to-daybasis,mechanicalengineersusesophisticatedcomputer-aidedengineeringtoolstodesign,visualize,simulate,andimproveproductssuchastheautomobilesshownhere.Source:ReprintedwithpermissionofMechanicalDynamics,Incorporated.FIGURE1.9Mechanicalengineersdesign,test,andmanufactureinternalcombustionenginessuchasthiseight-cylinder5.7literengine.20FIGURE1.10AstronautJohnYoung,commander（指挥员）oftheApollo:16mission,leapsfrom（跳跃）thelunarsurfaceattheDescartesLandingsiteashesalutes（向...敬礼）theUnitedStatesflag.Therovingvehicle（探险车）isparkedbesidethelunarmodule（登月舱）.3WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?---

---theApolloprogramFIGURE1.11Artist’sconceptoftheInternationalSpaceStation.Source：ReprintedwithpermissionofNASA．213WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?---

---PowergenerationFIGURE1.13Mechanicalengineersdesignrenewable(再生性能源)energysystems.Thewindfarmshownhereincorporatesseveral1-million-wattturbines.FIGURE1.12Thedesignforanadvancednuclearutilityplantcapableofproducing1billionwattsofelectricalpower.22FIGURE1.14Roboticvehiclesunderdevelopmentwillbeabletolearntheshapeandterrain(地形;地貌)ofafieldofgrainandharvestitwithessentiallynohumansupervision.3WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?---

---AgriculturalmechanizationFIGURE1.15Agriculturalpluckingequipment.23FIGURE1.16TheairframeoftheF-22Raptorfighterisfabricatedfromaluminum,titanium,composites,andotheradvancedmaterialsinordertomeettheperformancedemandsoflowweightandhighstrength.Source：ReprintedwithpermissionofNASA．3WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?---TheairplaneFIGURE1.17TheX-38researchvehicleisreleasedfromthewingpylonofitsmothershipduringaflighttest.Mechanicalengineerscontributetothetechnologiesneedforanemergencycrewreturnvehicle—orlifeboat—foruseonanorbitingspacestationandbasedontheX-38.Source：ReprintedwithpermissionofNASA．24FIGURE1.18Mechanicalengineersareinvolvedintheproductionofintegratedcircuitsandmicroprocessorsandinthedesignofthelithographymachines(光刻机)thatmakesuchdevicesasthePentium4microprocessorshownhere.3WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?---

---Integratedcircuitmassproduction253WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?---

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Air-conditioningandrefrigerationFIGURE1.19Air-ConditioningFIGURE1.20refrigeration263WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?---

---Computer-aidedengineeringtechnology(examples)FIGURE1.22Contactstressanalysisofrollinggear(齿轮滚动接触应力分析)FIGURE1.24rolling(轧制)FIGURE1.25Injectionmolding(注塑成形)FIGURE1.21Vibrationanalysisandexperiment(振动分析与实验)FIGURE1.23Thestampingprocessoftherearsuspensionspringbearingofacar(轿车后悬架弹簧支座冲压过程)FIGURE1.26Movementofarmorpiercingfragments(穿甲碎片的运动)27FIGURE1.27DrugfillingequipmentFIGURE1.28Nuclearmagneticresonanceapparatus3WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?---Bioengineering4CAREERPATHS---responsibilityofmechanicalengineers28TechnicalexpertSystemsengineerEngineeringmanagerProgrammanagerMarketingstaffBusinessdevelopmentTechnicalsideBusinesssideAdvancedengineeringdegreesAdvancedbusinessdegreesFIGURE1.30Acontinuumoftechnicalandbusinessresponsibilitiesinengineering294CAREERPATHS---CareerladderEngineerSeniorengineerStaffengineerPrincipalengineerFellowProjectengineerEngineeringmanagerTechnicaldirectorTechnicalpathManagerialpathFIGURE1.28Potentialengineeringcareeropportunitiesinahypotheticalcompany.304CAREERPATHS---CommunicationskillsMechanicalengineersupervisors(监理、主管),peers（同级、同辈）,customers,investors（投资者）,andvendors（供应商）.Ateachstageofproductdevelopment,workwithco-workersdiscussandexplaintechnicalandbusinessconceptsclearlyandeffectivelyandtoworkwithandmotivateOtherswhoreadandusereports.documenttheirdesignsandtestresultsinwell-writtenreports5TYPYCALPROGRAMOFSTUDY---Generalrequirements31Asyoubegintostudymechanicalengineering,yourcollegeoruniversityprogramwillmostlikelyinclude：(4)electivecourses（选修课）onspecializedtopicsthatyoufindparticularlyinteresting.(3)asequenceofcorecourses（核心课程）inthefundamentalsubjectsthatallmechanicalengineersshouldknow;(2)preparatorycourses（预科课程）inmathematics,science,andcomputerprogramming;

(1)generaleducationcoursesintheareasofthehumanities,socialsciences,andthefinearts（美术）;5TYPYCALPROGRAMOFSTUDY---hierarchyofcourses32MechanicalengineeringDesignandmanufacturingMechanicalsystemsThermal-fluidengineeringMachinedesignComputerengineeringManufacturingsciencesThermo-dynamicsFluidmechanicsHeattransferStaticsSolidmechanicsDynamicsFIGURE1.31Hierarchyofcoursescompletedinatypicalmechanicalengineeringprogramofstudy.CorecoursesMajorbranches5TYPYCALPROGRAMOFSTUDY---Corecourses33Machineandproductdesign---conceivinganewdeviceanddesigningitindetail.Computer-aidedengineering---experiencewithcomputer-aideddesign,analysis,andmanufacturingtools.Manufacturingsciences--machiningprocesses,qualitycontrol,andproductiontechniques.5TYPYCALPROGRAMOFSTUDY---Corecourses34Dynamics--motionofmachinesandtheforcesthatareneededtomakethemmoveinadesiredmanner.Solidmechanics--stressesanddeflectionsofstructuralcomponentsandchoosingthematerialsfromwhichtheyaremade.Statics--understandingtheforcesthatactonmachinesandstructures.5TYPYCALPROGRAMOFSTUDY---Corecourses35Heattransfer---conduction,convection,andradiation,heatexchangers,insulation,andcoolingsystems.Fluidmechanics--physicalpropertiesofdifferentliquidsandgasesanddrag,lift,andbuoyancyforces.Thermodynamics--energyconservationandconversionandtheefficiencyofenginesandpower-generationmachinery.5TYPYCALPROGRAMOFSTUDY---Gainingexperience36

1.Anabilitytoapplyknowledgeofmathematics,science,andengineering.2.Anabilitytodesignandconductexperiments,aswellastoanalyzeandinterpretdata.3.Anabilitytodesignasystem,component,orprocesstomeetdesiredneeds.4.Anabilitytofunctiononmultidisciplinaryteams.5.Anabilitytoidentify,formulate,andsolveengineeringproblems.378.Thebroadeducationnecessarytounderstandtheimpactofengineeringsolutionsinaglobalandsocietalcontext.9.Arecognitionoftheneedforandanabilitytoengageinlifelonglearning.10.Aknowledgeofcontemporaryissues.11.Anabilitytousethetechniques,skills,andmodernengineeringtoolsnecessaryforengineeringpractice.6.Anunderstandingofprofessionalandethicalres