【广东创新设计】高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero 必修1

Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero漫画欣赏画面描述Aboyisshoutingathisdad，wholooksupsetanddoesn’tknowwhattodowithhisson.Itseemsthatthekiddoesnotrespecthisdad.寓意理解

Nowadaysmanyfamilieswithteenagersfacetheproblem:parentsandtheirchildrendon’tgetalongwell.Lackofunderstandingandcommunicationisthesourceoftheproblem.你能否对此加以扩展，写一篇120词左右的小短文？短文填空根据课文Elias’Story完成下列短文。NelsonMandela，

onJuly18,1918，isthefirstblackpresidentofSouthAfrica.Hestudied

afterheentereduniversity.Thenin1952hesetupalawofficetohelppoorblackpeople.Becauseofhisfight

thegovernmentandanti—blacklaws，hewas

tofiveyearsofhardlabour.AfterthatheformedANCYouthLeague.FightersfromANCbeganto

upbuildingsin1963andhewassentenced

lifeimprisonmentonRobbenIsland.Twentysevenyears

，hewas

bythewhitegovernment.In1993hewas

presidentofSouthAfricaandthegovernmentbyandfortheblackpeoplewasfinally

up.NelsonMandelawasreallyagreatman!bornlawagainstsentencedblowtolaterfreedmadesetⅠ.单词拼写1．You’vebrokenthe________(法律)，andyou’llbeputinprisonfortenyearsasapunishment.2．Afterashortrest，Henry________(继续)todrawthepicture.3．InChina，eachcitizenover18hasthe________(权利)toelectandtobeelected.4．Thecriminalwas________(判处)to15yearsinprison.5．Whentheactorsplayedonthe________(舞台)，theaudiencessatintheirseatsandwatchedquietly.lawcontinuedrightsentencedstage6．Thef________intheschoolaresohighthatonlyrichchildrencanstudythere.7．MaryreceivedaninvitationtothepartyfromJohn，butshedidn’ta________it.8．Someofthefilmsarefullofv________.Toomuchfightingisnotgoodforyoungkidstowatch.9．Blackpeopleareborne________tothewhitessotheyshouldsharethesamerightsasthem.10．Itwassocoldinsidethehousethatshehadtowrapherselfinab________tokeepwarm.eescceptiolencequallanketⅡ.短语填空1．Nobodyseemstounderstand.Idon’tknowwhoto________.2．AfterHitler

inGermany，EinsteinwasforcedtogotoAmerica.3．Whenhersonreturned，shewasatlast________worries.4．Apoliceofficerwaskilledwhenhiscar________.5．Youcan’t________people________sayingwhattheythink.6．Iknewhimwhenwewereincollege—

wewereonthesamecourse.7．Nothinggiveshimmorepleasurethanhelpingsomeone________.8．Thestudentcheatedintheexam，buthewas________soon.9．Youhavegotto________yourself，oryou’llneversucceed.10．He________hisownbusinessafterhegraduatedfromuniversity.turntocametopowerfreefromblewupstopfromasamatteroffactintroublefoundoutbelieveinsetupⅢ.完成句子1．Itwasin1952andhehadopenedablacklawfirm

(为遇到麻烦的穷苦黑人提供咨询)．(advise)2．ItwasverydangerousbecauseifIwascaught

(可能就要坐几年牢)．(prison)3．Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheevenings

(那时我们本来应该睡觉)．(asleep)toadvisepoorblackpeopleontheirproblemsIcouldbeputinprisonforyearswhenweshouldhavebeenasleepⅣ.模仿造句1．Wehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.[翻译]最后，这家工厂到了大量生产这种产品的阶段。_______________________________________________________2．Wewereputinapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwe

werelessimportant，orfightthegovernment.[翻译]我们可能会陷入无人可求助的地步。_______________________________________________________3．Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.

[翻译]直到那个时候，我才有机会去实现我的梦想。_______________________________________________________Finally，thefactoryreachedastagewheretheproductcouldbemadeinlargeamounts.Wemightgetintoasituationinwhichwehavenoonetoturnto.OnlythendidIgetachancetoachievemydream.4．SinceIwasbettereducated，Igotajobworkinginanoffice.[翻译]因为我日语懂得不多，所以听不懂她说的话。________________________________________________________

________________5．IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.

[翻译]我初次见到她时，就认为她善良诚实。_______________________________________________________SinceIunderstoodverylittleJapanese，Icouldn’tcatchwhatshesaid.IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeIsawher.核心词汇梳理1.devotevt.

投身于；献身；致力于搭配(1)devote...to...献身于……；专心于……；花(时间、精力等)做……(2)bedevotedto...忠诚于；专心于；热爱；喜欢

完成句子(1)他致力于城市公园的改善。He

inhiscity.(2)基科热爱她的音乐。Kiko____________________hermusic.devotedhiseffortstotheimprovementoftheparksisdevotedto提示

to是介词，后接名词或动名词。(3)目前我把所有时间和精力都放在当妈妈这件事上。I’mdevotingallmytimeandenergyto

rightnow.(4)特雷萨修女把自己的全部身心都倾注在照顾穷苦人上。MotherTeresahasdevotedherselfto

.派生devotedadj.深爱的；忠实的devotionn．奉献用devote的适当形式填空。(5)MissWhite，a________friendofmine，________allherenergytohercareerandher________tothechildrenmadeusvoteforherandshewaspromotedtoheadmistress.beingamomcaringforthepoordevoteddevoteddevotion2.equaladj.

相等的；平等的n．对手；匹敌；同辈(可数)搭配beequalto胜任；相等；合适

英译汉或汉译英(1)Allmenarebornequal

.(2)Theyarequiteequalinability

.(3)她能胜任该项工作。She________thetask.

派生(4)________adv.平等地，同等地(5)________n．平等，同等(6)________adj.不相等的，不平等的

用equal的适当形式填空(7)Insomecountries，whatiscalled________doesn’treallymean________rightsforallpeople.人人生而平等。他们能力相当。isequaltoequallyequalityunequalequalityequal3．escapen.

逃亡；逃难v．逃脱；避开识记anarrowescape幸免于难；侥幸逃脱；九死一生makeone’sescape逃离；溜走

完成句子(1)他有好几次差点被鲨鱼吃掉。Morethanoncehe____________________frombeingeatenbysharks.(2)聚会很无聊，我们迫不及待地要溜走。Thepartywasboring—wecouldn’twaitto_________________.hadanarrowescapemakeourescape句型(1)escapefrom...从……逃走(2)escapebeingdone差一点被……；侥幸没有被……(3)他险些被淹死。Henarrowly____________________.(4)他在意外事件中差一点受伤。Henarrowly____________________intheaccident.escapedbeingdrownedescapedbeinghurt4．continuevt./vi.

延续；继续；绵延Thedesertcontinuedasfarastheeyescouldreach.沙漠向前延伸至尽处。

Theweathercontinuedcalm.天气仍然平静。

搭配(1)continuetodo或continuedoing或continue＋(with)n．意为继续做……

(2)continue(tobe)……继续保持某种状态

表示空间延伸的词还有extend，stretch，reach，spread等完成句子

(1)我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。Ihadtoleave，becausemyfamilycouldnot__________________theschoolfeesandthebusfare.continuetopay(2)你在那不停的噪声中怎么能工作下去呀？Howcanyou____________________withallthatnoisegoingon?(3)我们这样的报酬还要再维持一年。We’ll____________________thepaymentsforanotheryear.(4)据天气预报，到本周末天气依然很好。Accordingtotheweatherreport，theweatherwill_______________tillthisweekend.continueworkingcontinuewithcontinuefine5．rewardn.

奖赏v．报答Theyrewardedhimforhisgreathelpwithagiftofmoney.他们给他一笔钱以报答他的大力相助。

成为……的报酬：

Goodresultsrewardedherefforts.＝Hereffortswererewardedby(with)goodresults.

她的努力获得了良好的结果。

搭配(1)rewardsb.forsth./doingsth.因为……给某人报酬或奖赏某人

(2)reawrdsb.withsth.使某人获得……奖赏

(3)inrewardforsth.为了奖赏……；作为对……的报答

(4)receive/begivenarewardfor...因……而得到奖赏拓展awardvt.奖励n．奖品awardsb.sth.使某人获得……奖品sth.beawardedtosb.某物被授予某人根据句子意思填空(1)Isthishowyou________meformyhelp?(2)She________him________asmile.(3)Theprofessor

afirstclassprizeforhisscientificdiscovery.(4)Hereceivedamedal

hisbravery.(5)Hewas________thefirstprize.(6)Hispersistence

whenthecarfinallystarted.rewardrewardedwithwasrewardedwithinrewardforawardedwasrewarded6.sentencen.句子；判决，宣判vt.宣判，判决Hereceivedaheavysentence.他受到很重的刑罚。

Thestructureofthesentenceisstrange.这个句子的结构很奇怪。

搭配besentencedto...被判……

完成句子他因参与犯罪被判处三年徒刑。

He

inprisonforhispartinthecrime.

识记pass/pronouncesentenceonsb.对某人判刑；对某人下判断

serveone’ssentence服刑

undersentenceofdeath被判处死刑

alifesentence无期徒刑，终身监禁wassentencedtothreeyears7.opinionn.

意见，见解；评价；舆论用opinion完成下列句子，并熟记。(1)依我和大多数人的看法，男女是平等的。

andintheopinionofmostpeople，boysandgirlsaretreatedequally.(2)我对她的工作评价很高。I

herwork.(3)我认为我们现在存的钱过了10年或许就毫无价值了。Ihold

thatmoneywesavenowmightbeworthlessintenyears’time.(4)金钱能买来幸福吗？不同的人有不同的回答。有的人认为能，有的人则持相反的意见。Canmoneybuyhappiness?Differentpeople

.Somethinkyes，whileothersholdtheopposite.Inmyopinionhaveahighopinionoftheopinionhavedifferentopinions8．crueladj.

残忍的；残酷的派生(1)________adv.残忍地，令人痛苦地(2)________n．残忍；残酷

用cruel的适当形式填空(3)Itisnoexcusetosaythatdangerouscreaturesdeservetobetreated________onaccountoftheirown________.Theyarenotreally________，fortheytearandkillnotfromloveofunkindness，butbecausetheymustdosoinordertolive.cruellycrueltycruellycrueltycruel重点短语例释1．outofwork失业(＝outofajob/withoutajob)根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。(1)我担心自己会丢掉工作。IamworriedaboutwhetherIwill

.(2)他失业两年了。He’s

fortwoyears.

提示

表示“失业”的outofwork是介词短语，与be连用，可与时

间段连用；而loseone’sjob是瞬间短语动词，不可与时间段连用。beoutofwork/losemyjobbeenoutofwork拓展填入适当的名词。(3)outof________混乱的；有毛病的；出故障的(4)outof________身材不好；不成样子(5)outof________看不到(6)outof________过时的，过期的(7)outof________失去控制(8)outof________脱离危险(9)outof________出于兴趣(10)outof________出于好意ordershapesightdatecontroldangerinterestkindness2.loseheart丧去信心Sodon’tloseheart，whateveryoudo.不论干什么，都要信心十足。

联想loseone’sheartto爱上，喜欢上withallone’sheart全心全意地breakone’sheart使人难过aheavyheart沉重的心情heartandsoul全心全意地

用heart的相关短语填空(1)She

himassoonasshesawthehandsomeandbravesoldier.(2)Pleasedon’t

，youstillhavemorechances.(3)Amotherlovesherbaby

.(4)Theyhadvery

astheywenttothefuneral.(葬礼)lostherhearttoloseheartwithallherheartheavyhearts3．asamatteroffact事实上Asamatteroffact，fewofusadmitthatexaminationscan

contributeanythingreallyimportanttothestudents’studies.事实上，我们中很少有人承认考试能对学生的学习起到什么真正重要的作用。

联想infact事实上，实际上actually事实上，实际上inreality事实上，实际上完成句子(1)我昨天没去，事实上，我整个星期都没去。Ididn’tgoyesterday，and____________________，Ididn’tgoallweek.(2)他看起来很结实健康，但实际上，他患有心脏病。Heappearsstrongandhealthy，but，____________________，hesuffersfromaweakheart.asamatteroffactasamatteroffact4．introuble处于不幸中；在监禁中完成句子(1)你总是给自己找麻烦。Youarealways

.(2)没有哪件事比帮助陷入困境的人能给人带来更大的快乐了。Nothingcangivemorepleasurethanhelpingsomeone____________________.(3)叫你怎么做你就怎么做，否则你就会有麻烦。Doasyouaretold，otherwiseyou’ll____________________.

联想getintrouble惹上麻烦askfortrouble/lookfortrouble找麻烦beagreattroubleto对……来说很麻烦have/therebetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事困难maketrouble制造麻烦gettingyourselfintroubleintroublebeintrouble5.turnto翻到；求助于；求救于完成句子(1)打开书，翻到第98页。Openyourbooksand____________________.(2)他不知道该做些什么，只好求助于老师。Hedidn’tknowwhattodoand____________________forhelp.6.blowup

观察下列句子，并说出blowup的含义。(1)Ihavetogetmyfronttireblownup.

.(2)Theterroristsblewupthegovernmentbuildings.

.(3)Whenheaskedthedayoff，themanagerblewup.________turntopage98turnedtotheteacher使充气；打气(使)爆炸；炸毁生气7．inaway从某种程度上，也可以说inoneway或insomewayInaway，Idon’tlikethesupergirls’performance.

从某种程度上讲我不喜欢超级女生的表现。

联想alltheway一路上

bytheway顺便说

noway不行，决不

bywayof经过，途经

ontheway在途中

intheway挡道的；妨碍人的用有关way的短语填空(1)Thechangesareanimprovement________.(2)Hekeptaskingthesamequestion

.(3)Theystoppedforapicnic

.(他们中途停下车野餐)(4)________willIgoonworkingforthatman.(5)I’mafraidyourcaris

.(6)TheyaretravelingtoFrance________London.inawayallthewayonthewayNowayinthewaybywayof8．setup设立；创立；建立完成句子(1)内战结束后成立了新政府。Anewgovernment____________________afterthecivilwar.(2)学校设立了一个特别班级来帮助阅读差的学生。Theschoolhas____________________tohelppoorreaders.

联想setabout着手做setaside储蓄；搁置setoff动身，启程；引爆，燃放setout出发；开始做wassetupsetupaspecialclass疑难语句细解1.Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress，untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。点拨

此处Thelastthirtyyearshaveseen...是一种拟人化的写作手法，以增加句子的表现力。see意为“(在某段时期或某地)发生，经历，经受”。(1)接下来的几年里发生了连年的粮食欠收。Thenextfewyears

.

(2)五世纪见证了西方罗马帝国的灭亡。____________________theendoftheRomanEmpireinthewest.(3)这个城市在过去的十年间经历了多次的变革。

inthelasttenyears.sawaseriesofbadharvestsThe5thcenturysawThecityhasseenmanychanges2．ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。

句型Thetimewhen...……的时间(时候)……

根据汉语意思，完成英语句子。(1)我们什么时候走无关紧要。Thetime____________________matterslittle.(2)你们说冬奥会是什么时候开始的呢？Tellme_________whenthewinterOlympicGamesbegan.(3)这个习俗始于男子佩戴宝剑的时代。Thecustomdatesfrom_______________menworeswords.whenweleavethetimethetimewhen3．Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwaspeaceful；whenthiswasnotallowed...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。

句型onlythendidwe...只有到那个时候，才……

提醒“only＋状语(副词、介词短语、状语从句)”放在句首，用部分倒装。

用括号中所给的词的适当形式填空。(1)Onlyinthisway________you________fromthehero.(can；learn)(2)Onlywhentheactortookoffhisglasses________we________him.(do；recognize)canlearndidrecognize怎样猜测词义(一)【方法技巧】根据给出的定义或解释猜测词义。为了解释或说明某个词语的意义，有时作者会用直接定义法。如：Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.由此可知anthropology意为“研究人类的科学，人类学”。注意关键的信息词，如：is，means，refersto，isconsideredtobe，isknownas，iscalled，canbedefinedas等等。有时作者也会用一个定语从句之类的结构来解释某个单词的含义。如：Forthepurposeofelectrostatictheoryallmatterscanbedividedintotwofairlydifferentclasses:conductors，inwhichelectricalchargecanfloweasilyfromoneplacetoanother；andinsulators，inwhichitcannot.由inwhich引导的定语从句，可猜测出conductors意为“导体”，insulators意为“绝缘体”。

【实例验证】“AsIstoodinfrontofthegrave(墓)ofPresidentRichardNixon，Iwasthinkingaboutthetime25yearsagowhenthispresidenthelpedbringtheUnitedStatesandChinaclosertogether.Youngpeopleofourtwocountriesshouldhelpthisrelationshipgrow.”

ThisremarkwasmadebyaShanghaistudentwhenspeakingtohisfellowstudentsattheNixonLibraryinCalifornia，USA.Hewasoneofthe80middleschoolstudentsfromChinaattendingamonth­long“YouthSummit”．TheSummitwastomarkthe25thanniversary(周年)ofPresidentNixon’sjourneytoChina，whichwastheturningpointinChina­U.S.relations.

TheYouthSummitwasaimedatincreasingunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenyoungstudentsofthetwocountriesthroughvisitsanddiscussions.Seventy­fiveAmericanstudentswereselectedtovisitChina.TheyalsovisitedtheNixonLibraryonJuly21beforeleavingforBeijingthenextday.TheheadofthelibrarysaidhewaspleasedtoseetheAmericanandChinesestudentstalkingandlaughingtogether.OneChinesestudentsaid，“Ididn’tfinditparticularlydifficulttotalkwithAmericans.Wehaveourdifferences，butwehavealotincommon.Dialogueisgoodforus.”◆Thewords“YouthSummit”referto________.A．visittotheNixonLibrary

B．theChinesestudents’visittotheU．S.C．ameetingdiscussingrelationsbetweenChinaandtheU．S.D．activitiestostrengthenthetiesbetweentheChineseandAmericanstudents

答案：D

【实践应用】RecentsurveysfoundthatnearlyafifthofteenswhohaveaccesstotheWebhavetheirownblogs.And38%ofteenssaytheyreadotherpeople’sblogs.Bycomparison，aboutatenthofadultshavetheirownblogsandaquartersaytheyreadotherpeople’sonlinejournals.

Inanothersurvey,79%ofteensagreedthatpeopleattheiragearen’tcarefulenoughwhengivingoutinformationaboutthemselvesonline.Besides，carelessbloggingcanalsoaffectblogviewers.Whenyouareangryorfrustrated，yourblogisthefirstplaceyouturnto.Thewordsyoupostthenmaynotberationalwhichyoumayregretlater.Tominimizethenegativeeffect，changethepermissionsettingandmakesuchposts“private”sothatonlyyoucanreadthem.Aslongasyouarecarefulwithwhatyoupost，bloggingisagreatmeansofstayingintouchwithfriendsanddisplayingone’screativeworks.◆Theunderlinedword“rational”probablymeans______.A．strangeB．perfectC．helpfulD．reasonable

解析：根据rational后面的定语从句“whichyoumayregretlater”可做这样的判断，“令人后悔的话”肯定是“不理智的，欠思考的(notrational)”，是不太合理的发泄或表达。那么，rational肯定意为“合理的，有道理的”。

答案：D实战演练Wealreadyknowthefastest，leastexpensivewaytoslowclimatechange:Uselessenergy.With

a

little

effort，and

not

much

money，most

of

us

could

reduceour

energy

diets

by25percent

or

more—doingtheEarthafavor

while

also

helping

our

wallets.

Notlongago，mywife，PJ，andItriedanewdiet—nottolosealittleweightbuttoansweranannoyingquestionaboutclimatechange.Scientists

have

reported

recently

that

the

world

is

beatingup

even

faster

than

predicted

only

a

few

years

ago，and

that

the

consequences

could

be

severe

if

we

don’t

keep

reducing

emissions(排放)of

carbon

dioxide(CO2)and

other

greenhouse

gases

that

are

trapping

heat

in

our

atmosphere.Wedecidedtotryanexperiment.ForonemonthwerecordedourpersonalemissionsofCO2.Wewantedtoseehowmuchwecouldcutback，sowewentonastrictdiet.TheaverageUShousehold(家庭)producesabout150poundsofCO2adaybydoingcommonplacethingsliketurningonair­conditioningordrivingcars.That’smorethantwicetheEuropeanaverageandalmostfivetimestheglobalaverage，mostlybecauseAmericansdrivemoreandhavebiggerhouses.Buthowmuchshouldwetrytoreduce?Forananswer，IcheckedwithTimFlannery，authorofThe

We