2007年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案3

Text3Duringthepastgeneration，theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehasbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealities.Nowapinkslip，abaddiagnosis.oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.Injustonegeneration，millionsofmothershavegonetowork，transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars，policymakers，andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges，butfewhavelookedatthesideeffectfamilyriskhasrisenaswell.Today'sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresulttheyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback-aback-upearner（usuallyMom）whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday，adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannotlongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.Duringthesameperiod，familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers，airlineemployees，andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates，stockmarketfluctuation，andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear.PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasavings-accountmodel，withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamilies，thepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen-andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingsplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers，withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoesofinvestmentriskforfamilies‘futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily，astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent-andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistancehavejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective，muchofthis，understandably，looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility，andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun，andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.[421words]31.Today'sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat[A]thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.[B]theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.[C]theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.[D]theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.32.AsaresultofPresidentBush'sreform，retiredpeoplemayhave[A]ahighersenseofsecurity.[B]lesssecuredpayments.[C]lesschancetoinvest.[D]aguaranteedfuture.33.Accordinggotheauthor，health-savingsplanswill[A]helpreducethecostofhealthcare.[B]popularizeamongthemiddleclass.[C]compensateforthereducedpensions.[D]increasethefamiliesinvestmentrisk.34.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks.[B]themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges.[C]financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.[D]financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext？[A]TheMiddleClassontheAlert[B]TheMiddleClassontheCliff[C]TheMiddleClassinConflict[D]TheMiddleClassinRuinsText4Itneverrainsbutitpours.Justasbossesandboardshavefinallysortedouttheirworstaccountingandcompliancetroubles，andimprovedtheirfeeblecorporationgovernance，anewproblemthreatenstoearnthem-especiallyinAmerica-thesortofnastyheadlinesthatinevitablyleadtoheadsrollingintheexecutivesuite：datainsecurity.Left，untilnow，toodd，low-levelITstafftoputright，andseenasaconcernonlyofdata-richindustriessuchasbanking，telecomsandairtravel，informationprotectionisnowhighontheboss'sagendainbusinessesofeveryvariety.Severalmassiveleakagesofcustomerandemployeedatathisyear-fromorganizationsasdiverseasTimeWarner，theAmericandefensecontractorScienceApplicationsInternationalCorpandeventheUniversityofCalifornia.Berkeley-haveleftmanagershurriedlypeeringintotheirintricate11systemsandbusinessprocessesinsearchofpotentialvulnerabilities.“Dataisbecominganassetwhichneedsnobeguardedasmuchasanyotherasset.”saysIamMendelsonofStanfordUniversity'sbusinessschool“Theabilityguardcustomerdataisthekeytomarketvalue，whichtheboardisresponsibleforonbehalfofshareholders”Indeed，justasthereistheconceptofGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples（GAAP）.perhapsitistimeforGASP.GenerallyAcceptedSecurityPractices，suggestedEliNoamofNewYork'sColumbiaBusinessSchool.“Settingtheproperinvestmentlevelforsecurity，redundancy，andrecoveryisamanagementissue，notatechnicalone.”hesays.Themysteryisthatthisshouldcomeasasurprisetoanyboss.Surelyitshouldbeobvioustothedimmestexccutivethattrust，thatmostvaluableofeconomicassets，iseasilydestroyedandhugelyexpensivetorestore-andthatfewthingsaremorelikelytodestroytrustthanacompanylettingsensitivepersonaldatagetintothewronghands.Thecurrentstateofaffairsmayhavebeenencouraged-thoughnotjustified-bythelackoflegalpenalty（inAmerica，butnotEurope）fordataleakage.UntilCaliforniarecentlypassedalaw.Americanfirmsdidnothavetotellanyone，eventhevictim，whendatawentastray，Ihatmaychangefastlotsofproposeddata-securitylegislationnowdoingtheroundsinWashington.D.C.Meanwhile.thetheftofinformationaboutsome40millioncredit-cardaccountsinAmerica，disclosedonJune17th.overshadowedahugelyimportantdecisionadayearlierbyAmerica'sFederalTradeCommission（FTC）thatputscorporateAmericaonnoticethatregulatorswillactiffirmsfailtoprovideadequatedatasecurity.[416words]36.Thestatement：“Itneverrainsbutitpours”isusedtointroduce[A]thefiercebusinesscompetition.[B]thefeebleboss-boardrelations[C]thethreatfromnewsreports.[D]theseverityofdataleakage.37.AccordingtoParagraph2，someorganizationschecktheirsystemstofindout[A]whetherthereisanyweakpoint.[B]whatsortofdatahasbeenstolen.[C]whoisresponsiblefortheleakage.[D]howthepotentialspiescanbelocated.38.InbringinguptheconceptofGASPtheauthorismakingthepointthat[A]shareholdersinterestsshouldbeproperlyattendedto.[B]informationprotectionshouldbegivendueattention.[C]businessesshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingsecurity.[D]themarketvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeemphasized.39.AccordingtoParagraph4，whatpuzzlestheauthoristhatsomebossesfailto[A]seethelinkbetweentrustanddataprotection.[B]perceivethesensitivityofpersonaldata.[C]realizethehighcostofdatarestoration.[D]appreciatetheeconomicvalueoftrust.40.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that[A]dataleakageismoresevereinEurope.[B]FTC'sdecisionisessentialtodatasecurity.[C]Californiatakestheleadinsecuritylegislation.[D]legalpenaltyisamajorSolomontodataleakage.PartBDirections：Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutwhatparentsaresupposedtodotoguidetheirchildrenintoadulthood.ChooseaheadingfromthelistA——Gthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedpartofthetext（41——45）。Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Therearetwoextraheadingsthatyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）A.SetaGoodExampleforYourKidsB.BuildYourKid'sWorkSkillsC.PlaceTimeLimitsonLeisureActivitiesD.TalkabouttheFutureonaRegularBasisE.HelpKidsDevelopCopingStrategiesF.HelpYourKidsFigureOutWhoTheyAreG.BuildYourKidsSenseofResponsibilityHowCanaParentHelp？Mothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthoodfortheirkids.Evenifajob'sstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergingadult'sneedforrapidcontent，thetransitionfromschooltoworkcanbelessofasetbackifthestart-upadultisreadyforthemove.Hereareafewmeasures，drawnfrommybookReadyorNot，HereLifeComes，thatparentscantaketopreventwhatIcall“work-lifeunreadness”。41.Youcanstartthisprocesswhentheyare11or12.Periodicallyreviewtheiremergingstrengthsandweaknesseswiththemandworktogetheronanyshortcomings,likedifficultyincommunicatingwellorcollaborating.Also,identifythekindsofintereststheykeepcomingbackto,astheseoffercluestothecareersthatwillfitthembest.42.Kidsneedarangeofauthenticrolemodels-asopposedtomembersoftheirclique,popstarsandvauntedathletes.Haveregulardinner-tablediscussionsaboutpeoplethefamilyknowsandhowtheygotwheretheyare.Discussthejoys