第10讲工作流建模基本概念

工作流技术基础课程主要内容OrganizingWorkflowsModelingWorkflowsManagementofWorkflowsAnalyzingWorkflowsArchitecturesofWorkflowSystemsWorkflowSystemDevelopmentMethod2ContentsWhyWorkflowTechnology?OntologyforWorkflowTechnology?MoreaboutWorkflowManagement?3InformationSystemComputerSystemsHardwareSoftwareComputerApplicationsPersonalComputer/SoftwareSystemsOrganizationalComputer/SoftwareSystemsComputer-basedInformationSystem1Hardware 4People2Software 5Procedures3Data/information 6Communications4OrganizationAgroupofpersonsorganizedforaparticularpurpose,alsoreferredasEnterpriseAconsciously(有意识地)coordinatedsocialunit,composedoftwoormorepeople,thatfunctionsonarelativelycontinuousbasistoachieveacommongoalorsetofgoalsE.g.School,Government,Hospital,Factory,Company,Committee,…5BusinessProcessAsetofoneormorelinkedproceduresortaskswhichcollectivelyrealizeabusinessobjectiveorpolicygoalnormallywithinthecontextofanorganizationalstructuredefiningfunctionalrolesandrelationshipsAbusinessprocessisonefocusedupontheproductionofparticularproductsPhysicalproducts,suchasaircraft,car,etcLesstangibleproducts,suchasdesign,service,etcPleasegivesomeexamplesforBPs6OrganizationandBusinessProcess7OrganizationandISMoreandmorepeoplecarryouttheirworkwiththeISMoreandmoreorganizationsconstructtheISfortheirbusinessoperationsWhatarethebenefitsfromtheIS?8ChallengestoOrganizationsBPsarebecomingmoreimportant(BPR)BPsaresubjecttofrequentchangesBPsarebecomingmorecomplexBPsareincreasinginnumber9WorkflowTechnologyMoreandmoreinformationsystemsareprocess-awareExaminethemanagementofbusinessprocessfromtheperspectiveofcomputing,or–toputitmorebroadly–ofinformationtechnologyBusinessProcessAutomationTomanagetheflowofworksuchthattheworkisdoneattherighttimebytheproperpersonTakeontheinformationlogisticsofthebusinessprocesses10SeparationofControl&Execution11WorkflowinOrganizations

WorkflowTechnologyActivityActivityActivityActivityActivitySynch12BusinessProcess34511Decision112BenefitsofWorkflowTechnologyWorkdoesnotgetmisplacedorstalledExpeditersarerarelyrequiredtorecoverfromerrorsormismanagementoftheworkThemanagerscanfocusonstaffandbusinessissues,suchasindividualperformance,optimalprocedures,andspecialcases,ratherthantheroutineassignmentoftasksThemanyclerksisnolongerrequiredtodeliverandtrackthework13BenefitsofworkflowTechnology(c1)Theproceduresareformallydocumentedandfollowedexactly,ensuringthattheworkisperformedinthewayplannedbymanagement,meetingallbusinessandregulatoryrequirementsThebestperson(ormachine)isassignedtodoeachcase,andthemostimportantcasesareassignedfirstUsersdonotwastetimetochoosingwhichitemtoworkon,perhapsprocrastinatingonimportantbutdifficultcases14BenefitsofWorkflowTechnology(c2)Parallelprocessing,wheretwoormoretasksareperformedconcurrently,isfarmorepracticalthanintraditionalmanualworkflow15ContentsWhyWorkflowTechnology?OntologyforWorkflowTechnology?MoreaboutWorkflowManagement?16WorkandTaskWorkManypeopleworktoliveFewpeoplelivetoworkTaskAn“atomic”processthatisnotfurthersubdividedintocomponentprocessesAlogicalunitofwork,ataskiseithercarriedoutinfullornotatall17CaseandProcessCase(案例)AcaseiswhataprocessisdesignedtodealwithProcess(过程)Thedefinitionofaprocessindicateswhichtasksmustbeperformed,andinwhichorder,tosuccessfullycompleteacaseAprocessconsistsoftasks,conditions,andsubprocesses18ProcessDefinitionsandInstancesProcessDefinitionsTherepresentationofabusinessprocessinaformwhichsupportsautomatedmanipulation,suchasmodeling,orenactmentbyaworkflowmanagementsystemProcessInstancesTherepresentationofasingleenactmentofaprocess19WorkItemandActivityWorkItem(工作项)AworkitemisthecombinationofacaseandataskwhichisabouttobecarriedoutActivity(活动)IsthecarryingoutanassignedtaskIncontracttoatask,anactivityisrelatedtoaspecificcase20Resource,TriggerandWorkflowResource(资源)AresourceisameansofproductionoragroupofsuchmeansTrigger(触发)TheworkitemisonlyperformedoncearesourcehastakenaninitiativeWorkflow(工作流)Aworkflowcomprisescases,resources,andtriggersthatrelatetoaparticularprocess21ContentsWhyWorkflowTechnology?OntologyforWorkflowTechnology?MoreaboutWorkflowManagement?22WorkflowManagementSystemAworkflowmanagementsystem(WFMS)isasoftwarepackagethatcanbeusedtosupportthedefinition,managementandexecutionofworkflowprocessesTheWFMSensurethattherightinformationreachestherightpersonattherighttime,orissubmittedtotherightcomputerapplicationattherightmoment23WfMCReferencemodel24WorkflowSystemAworkflowsystem(WFS)isasystembasedonaWFMSthatsupportsaspecificsetofbusinessprocessesthroughtheexecutionofcomputerizedprocessdefinitionsWorkflow-basedinformationsystem25WFMSvsWFSComparewithDatabaseSystemsData WorkflowProcessDBMS WFMSDatabasesystem Workflowsystem26Workflowsystems’UsersWorkflowdesignerCreateprocessdefinitionsTheadministratorOperationalmanagementTheprocessanalystPerformanceevaluationTheemployeeTheexecutionofworkiscarriedoutbyemployees27UsersinWorkflowsystem28WeshouldChangetheOpinionTheoldopinion,“firstorganize,thencomputerize”Ouropinion,designbusinessprocessinamoreabstractwayfirst,thendesigntheinformationsystemsandtheorganizationDeterminewhethereachtaskshouldbeperformedbyainformationsystemoraperson29BPRandCPIBPR,BusinessProcessRe-engineeringamethodforimprovingtheeffectivenessandefficiencyofbusinessprocessCPI,ContinuousProcessImprovementnotradicalchangesasBPR,butusuallyminorimprovementstotheprocess30RelatedTechnologies

e-maildocumentmgmt.workgroup/collaborativeimagingInternetORBdatabaseTP-monitoring31RelatedTechnologies(1)

QuantitativeandFormalMethods/ModelingSoftwareEngineering,HCI,etc.CSCWDatabaseManagement/InformationSystemsDistributedComputing/SystemsMIS/Reengineer