一般现在完成时

Welcome现在完成时PresentPerfectTense

用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去,但影响到现在或将来；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。构成:have/has+

过去分词现在完成时

PresentPerfectTensehas/have+pastparticipleIhavebeen

toJapan.Wehaveknowneachother.Hehasfoundhisbook.规则动词的过去分词work

visitaskplaystayworked

visitedasked

played

stayedliked

lived

movedlike

livemovecarried

worriedtriedcriedcarryworrytrycrystopdroprobplanpreferstopped

dropped

robbed

planned

preferred三式相同不规则动词的过去分词costcuthithurtsetputshutreadbringbuythinkteachcatchbroughtboughtthoughttaughtcaughtbrought

boughtthoughttaughtcaughtfeelleavetellsellsaylayfeltlefttoldsoldsaid

laidfelt

lefttoldsoldsaid

laidbeginfallflyforgettakewearwritecomebecomeruncamebecamerancomebecomerunbeganfellflewforgottook

worewrotebegunfallenflownforgotten

taken

wornwrittenFormsofthepresentperfect

Statement：have/has+p.p.Negative：have/hasnot+p.p.Question:

Have/Has+sub.+p.p...?----Haveyouseenthefilm?----Yes,I

.----No,I

.e.g.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.否定句：I

myhomework.一般疑问句：

you

homework?肯定回答：Yes,I

.否定回答：No,I

.

haven’tfinishedHavefinishedyourhavehaven’thavehaven't肯定：Shehasseenthefilm.

否定：

Shehasn't(hasnot)seenthefilm.

疑问：----

she

thefilm?----Yes,she

.----No,she

.

e.g.Shehasfinishedherhomework.否定句：She

herhomework.一般疑问句：

she

herhomework?肯定回答：Yes,she

.否定回答：No,she

.hashasn'thasn’tfinishedHasfinishedhashasn’tHasseen

Time

yesterday

Hehurthisfingeryesterday.He

hashurthisfinger.SimplePastPresentPerfectTime??????hurtTime

thismorning

Hefoundhiscatthismorning.He

hasfound

hiscat.SimplePastPresentPerfectTime??????findthethief/takeawaymymoney(lastnight)(take—taken)he/catchabigfish(thismorning)(catch—caught)mother/washdishes(at6:00)(wash---washed)Time

SimplePastPresentPerfectTimeyesterday/lastweek/in1976/justnow/whenIcamein…/twodaysago

never/ever/yet/already/before/just/lately/sofar/recently/thesedays/sincetwodayago1.already(已经）

(not)yet(还没有…）

…yet?(…已经…吗？）；

2.

never(从不）,ever（曾经）3.just（刚刚）

before(从前，以前）4.recently/lately（近来/最近）,

inthelast/pastfew(days/weeks/months/years)

在最近的几…5.thesedays/weeks/months（这些…来）6.sofar=uptonow（迄今为止，到目前为止）7.for+一段时间8.since+过去的时间

(自从…到现在）Shehasalreadycome.Ihavemethimbefore.Sofar,nomanhastraveledfartherthanthemoon.Ihaven’tfinishedmyworkyet.Hehasjusthaddinner.HaveyoueverbeentoParis?“already”和“(not)yet”

在疑问句中、否定句中“already”必须换成“yet”。e.g.肯定句：Hehas

finishedhishomework.疑问句：Hashefinishedhishomework

?否定句：Hehasn’tfinishedhishomework

?或：Hehasn’t

finishedhishomework.

“have/has

just+done

sth”和“did

sth+justnow”

---Thestudents

just

(take)theMid-termexams.---I

(meet)afriendonthestreetjustnow.alreadyyetyetyet“alreadyoryet”?havemettakenA:______you______thefilmHarryPotter?B:Yes,I______.Itisveryinteresting.A:When______you______it?B:I______itsixyearsago(in2000).A:Where______you______it？B:I______itattheNanguoCinema.HaveseenhavedidseesawdidseesawPractice（操练）:现在完成时（1）1.We

already

(buy)alotofthings.2.

youever

(be)totheGreatWall?3.They

(not,see)thefilmyet.4.He

just

(finish)hishomework.5.I

never

(hear)suchawonderfulstorybefore.6.Recently

I

(read)anewbook.7.

you

(win)anyracesinthepastfewyears.8.Shanghai

(develop)fastinthelastfewyears.9.Thestudents

(learn)overtwounitssofar.haveboughthave

heardhavereadHave

won

hasdevelopedhavelearntHavebeenhasfinishedhaven’tseenbuybeseefinishhearreadwindeveloplearnboughtbeenseenfinishedheardreadwondevelopedlearnt

since/for

since说明动作的起始时间，它和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用如：sincetwoyearsago;sincehecametoChinafor说明动作延续的时间长度。它和表示一段时间的词连用。fortwoyearsIhavelivedherefor

twentyyears.

Myaunthasworkedtheresince

1949.在过去某时候开始的并持续到现在的动作或状态。

…for+一段时间;

...since+过去时间点/过去时动词;

Howlonghaveyou...?

1.Diana

(be)inShanghaiforthreedays.2.I

(not,see)youfor

alongtime.3.I

(study)Englishfor

sixyears.4.Greatchanges

(take)placeinShanghaisince

1983.5.HarryPotter

(live)inaverysmallroomsincehisparentsdied.6.---How

long

you

(work)here?---I

hereforanhour.has

beenhaven’tseenhavestudiedhavetakenhaslivedhaveworkedhaveworkedSince的用法

a.

since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,lastmonth/halfpastsix)。

Ihavebeenheresince1989.b.

since+一段时间+ago

Ihavebeenheresincetwodaysago.c.

since

+从句

Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.

Shehaschangedalotsincewegothere.

d.

Itis+一段时间+since从句

Itis

twoyearssinceIbecameagraduate.Itis=Ithasbeena.

since+过去一个时间点b.

since+一段时间+agoc.

since

+从句d.

Itis+一段时间+since从句Ihavebeenheresince1989.=Ihavebeenheresince17yearsago.=Itis17yearssinceIcamehere.=Ihavebeenherefor17years.Itis

twoyearssinceIbecameagraduate.=Ihavebeenagraduatefortwoyears.=Ihavebeenagraduatesincetwoyearsago.=Ihavebeenagraduatesince2004.have/hasgoneto(Beijing)

have/hasbeento(Beijing)

have/hasbeenin(Beijing)have/has

goneto...“（某人）正在前往（某地）的途中”或“刚刚到达某地”，所以，他/她现在“不在说话现场”,或“还没有回来”，你在教室里寻找Bob，但Bob不在，你就问Jack：----(You):WhereisBob,Jack?----(Jack):Oh,he

theschoollibrary.

（在途中或刚到达）

（曾去过但已返回）（去了并留在那里）hasgoneto"have/hasbeen

to..."（某人）曾经去/到过（某地），但现在已经返回(=isbacknow)说话地。（半小时后，Bob在图书馆借好了杂志回到教室，你看到手里拿着新杂志的刚回来Bob，你问Bob：）(You):---Where

you

,Bob?(Bob):---Oh,I

theschoollibrary.havebeenhavebeentohave/hasbeenin(Beijing)Linda两星期前去了北京旅游，到今天还没有回来，所以“她在北京已经呆了两周了。”，我们说：Linda

Beijingfortwoweeks.Or:Linda

Beijingsincetwoweeksago.

hasbeen/stayedin

hasbeen/stayedin用been/goneto

填空：1．WhereisBetty?She______________Japan.2．MissZhao_____________toBeijing.Sosheisnothere.She__________________thereseveraltimes.3．Ourmonitor__________________thelibrary.Hewillbebackinfiveminutes.4．Where______you______?We_______________HappyValley.hasgonetohasgonehasbeenhasgonetohavebeenhavebeento“瞬间动词(也叫‘短暂动词’)”和“延续性动词”1、瞬间动词：从“开始发生”到“结束/终止”：

几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’）就完成了“开始—结束”的过程，如“Closethedoor”,“Openthedoor”

有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程”可能稍微长一些，但也不会很长的，如,“buysth（买下）”：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。所以，“我买了这块手表5年了”，在汉语中说的通，但英语的表达就不能说：

Ihaveboughtthewatchforfiveyears.buysth----havesth(拥有)---have/has+had

sth

for…A:I

havehad

thewatchfor5years.B:Itis(hasbeen)fiveyearssinceIboughtthewatch.C:Iboughtit5yearsago.

“瞬间动词(也叫‘短暂动词’)”和“延续性动词”同理，“borrow

sth”“借书”在办理了相关的‘登记’手续后就结束了，不可能“借”几个星期或好几年的！汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。”的意思是：“我两周前（borrowedit），（在归还前）现在它还在我手里（IstillhaveitorI’mstillreadingit.）

RightorWrong?A:Ihaveborrowedthebookfortwoweeks.B:Ihavehad/keptitfortwoweeks.C:It’s2weekssinceIborrowedit.D:Iborrowedit2weeksago.

(Wrong)(Right)(Right)(Right)常见的“瞬间”动词→“延续性”动词

→

“be+adj.”状态短语

瞬间动词“延续性”动词或“be+adj.”状态短语begin/start

beondie

bedeadarrive/get/reachstay/

bein/at…/behere/thereputon

wearjoin

bein/beamemberof…open/closebeopen/beclosedborrowkeepleavebeaway(from)catch(acold)have(acold)borrow----join----arrive\get\reach----leave–buy–open–die----close–getup–keepbeinbein/at/staybeupbeawayhavebeopenbedeadbeclosedPractice:瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习（1）：1、你来晚了，电影已放了10分钟了。A:Youarelate.Thefilm

for10minutes.B:Youarelate.It

tenminutessincethefilm

.C:Youarelate.Thefilm

10minutes

.2、我叔叔当兵已经有2年了。A:Myuncle

thearmyfor2years.B:It

2years

myunclejoinedthearmy.C:Myuncle

thearmy2yearsago.3、Linda已经感冒4、5天了。A:Linda

acold

4to5days.B:It