新编英语教程5-unit1-教学课件

HittheNailontheHeadAlanWarnerI.Pre-readingQuestionsHaveyoueverhitanailintoabox?What’sthecorrectwayofdoingit?Canyouseetheconnectionbetweentheproverbandourwriting?SuggestedAnswers

ForcethenailtotherightplaceItmeansexactlyrightinwordsoractionE.g.:(1).Yourcriticismreallyhitthenailonthehead.你的批评确是一针见血。

(2).Insosaying,youhittherightnailonthehead.你这样说确是击中要害。

TheauthoradvisesthattheEnglishstudentsshouldtrytogetthewords,phrasesandsentencescompletelyrightfortheirpurposesintheirwriting.II.LibraryWork1.GustaveFlaubert(1821–1880),Frenchnovelist,wasassociatedwiththemovementofnaturalismandknownasoneofthegreatestrealistsof19th-centuryFrance.Hedevotedhislifetolonghoursspentinheavytoiloverhiswork.Hiswritingismarkedbyexactnessandaccuracyofobservation,extremeimpersonalityandobjectivityoftreatment,andprecisionandexpressivenessinstyle,ortheprincipleofthemotjuste.2.Mrs.MalapropisafamouscharacterinSheridan’scomedyTheRivals(1775).Sheisnotedforherblundersintheuseofwords.Shehasgivenusthewordmalapropism（asanameforsuchmistakes.用词错误，尤指误用发音相似而意义全非的词）

i.e.,theunintentionalmisuseofawordbyconfusingitwithonethatresemblesit,suchashumanforhumane,singularityforsingleness.3.Hindi（印地语）isaliteraryandofficiallanguageofnorthernIndia.Swahili（斯瓦希里语）isaBantu（班图)languagethatisatradeandgovernmentallanguageovermuchofEastAfricaandintheCongoregion.BantusarepeoplebelongingtoagroupoftribesfoundinequatorialandsouthernAfrica.III.OrganizationoftheText

1.Ananalogybetweentheunskilleduseofthehammerandtheimproperchoiceofwords(Paragraph1)2.Thesignificanceoffindingtherightwords(Paragraphs2---3)3.Semanticdifferencesbetweenwordshavingthesameroot(Paragraphs4---7)(1).Example1(humanvs.humane)(Paragraph4)(2).Example2(anxietyvs.eagerness)(Paragraph5)(3).Example3(singularityvs.singleness)(Paragraphs6–7)4.Wrongchoiceofwordscausedbyfailuretorecognizetheirconnotations(Paragraph8)Examples:imprison,contain,sumup,epitomizeanddistill5.Stylisticdifferencesbetweensynonyms(Paragraph9)6.TheabundanceofspecificwordsinEnglishforgeneralnotions(Paragraph10)7.Conclusion(Paragraph11):theimportanceofagoodcontrolandcommandoverknownwords(Agoodwriterisnotmeasuredbytheextentofhisvocabulary,butbyhisskillinfindingthewordthatwillhitthenailcleanlyonthehead.)IV.KeyPointsoftheText1.drivesomethinghome:force(thenail)intotherightplace;makesomethingunmistakablyclear把（钉子等）打入；使明确无误E.g.(1).Heslammedthedooranddrovethebolthome.他砰地关上门，把门闩插好。(2).driveone’spointhome讲清楚自己的观点(4).为了阐明他的政策，总统又写了第二封信。Todrivehomehispolicy,thepresidentwrotehissecondletter.(5).你必须使约翰明白我们钱确实不够。

YoumustdriveithometoJohnthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.2.deft:skillful&quick熟练的,灵巧的E.G.,(1)Sheisdeftatdealingwithreporters.

她善於与记者周旋.(2)Thedeftfingersmassagedhisscalp.3.ambiguous:beconfusingbecauseitindicatesthepresenceoftwoormorepossiblemeanings.Eg.,(1)Frustratedbyambiguousinstructions,theparentswereneverabletoassemblethenewtoy.(2)Thewordingoftheclauseisambiguousandneedsclarification

该条款的措词模棱两可，需要澄清4.vague:unclearinmeaningbecauseit’sexpressedinindefiniteformorbecauseitreflectsimprecisionofthoughts.E.g.,(1)‘What’shappened?’ ‘Oh,alotofthings.’Shesaidvaguely.(2)Myplansareveryvague.

我的计划非常含糊。Paraphrase1Awordthatismoreorless…atcleanEnglish.(para.1)AwriterwhoisparticularabouttheexactnessofanexpressioninEnglishwillneverfeelhappywithawordwhichfailstoexpressanideaaccurately.5.ScrupulousTakegreatcaretodowhatisfair,honest,ormorallyright.E.g.,Thepaperwasnotentirelyscrupulousinsettingoutitsassumptions.There’salotofpressureonmanufacturerstobehavescrupulously.2)

thorough,exactandpayscarefulattentiontodetailE.G.,Thenursetreatedhimwiththemostscrupulouscare.

那位护士悉心尽力地照料他。unscrupulous:

不择手段的,肆无忌惮的,theoppositeofscrupulous,seemstobemoreoftenusedtodescribepeoplewhodonotcareabouthonestyandfairnessingettingwhattheywant,orwhoarecompletelywithoutprinciples.Paraphrase2Choosingwordsispartof…whohearorreadourwords.(para.2)Toacertainextent,theprocessoffindingtherightwordstouseisaprocessofperfectionwhereyoutrytosearchforwordsthatmaymostaccuratelyexpressyourthoughtsandfeelings,andwordsthatmaymosteffectivelymakeyourlistenersandreadersunderstandyourthoughtsandfeelings.Paragraph2Question2:Doyouagreewiththeauthorthatthereisagreatdealoftruthintheseeminglystupidquestion“HowcanIknowwhatIthinktillIseewhatIsay”?

Whyorwhynot?conceptvs.conception:concept:

anideaofacategoryorkind…generalizedfromparticularinstances.Thus,“cat”arisesformthemanycatswesee.ItalsoreferstoawidelyheldideaofwhatsomethingisorshouldbeConception:theideaofwhatathingisorshouldbeisheldbyanindividualorsmallgroupandisoftencoloredbyimaginationandfeeling:Achild’sconceptionoftheuniverseisformedbyhislimitedexperienceandhisownfancies.paraphrase3Itishardwork…thatfindingthembrings.(para.3)Findingthemostsuitablewordisinnosenseeasy.Butthereisnothinglikethedelightweshallexperiencewhensuchawordislocated.Paragraph4humanvs.humane:human:relatingtoorcharacteristicofhumankindorpeopleE.g.:humanaction:actiontakenbyman

人的行为

Toerrishuman;toforgive,divine.犯错人皆难免；宽恕则属超凡。humankiller:apersonoramachinethatkillshumans杀人凶手；杀人机器humane:havingorshowingcompassionorbenevolence;characterizedbykindness,mercy,sympathyE.g.:humaneaction:mercifulaction人道的行为humanekiller:thatwhichkillsbutcauseslittlepain;instrumentforpainlessslaughterofanimals牲口无痛屠宰机，牲口麻醉屠宰机Paragraph65.rife:widespread,common（流行的，普遍的）.anadj.…sthnegative.E.g.:(1).Crimeandviolencewererife

inthiscitybeforeliberation.(2).Superstitionisrifeamongthesavagetribes.

迷信盛行于蛮族之间。singularityvs.singleness:singularity:strangeness,oddity,peculiarity奇特,特性,非凡E.g.:singularityofmind思想奇特；标新立异singleness:completedevotionto;holdingsteadfastlytoE.g.:singlenessofmind思想专一,专心致志Paragraph7holdto:

(causeto)followexactly,keepto(sthsuchasapromise);adhereto坚持，遵守，忠于

E.g.:(1).Whateveryourargument,Ishallholdtomydecision.

(2).Thepriestheldtohisbeliefsinspiteofcrueltreatment.(3).Heholdstoasimplelife.drawaside:(causeto)movetoonesideE.g.:(1).Drawingthecurtainaside,helookeddownintothestreet.

(2).Thecrowddrewasidetolettheprisonerpass.6.coercion:

pressure,compulsion;governmentbyforce强迫，压制；高压统治E.g.:thecoercionofpublicopinion舆论的压力coercionandbribery威胁利诱Hepaidthemoneyundercoercion.他被迫付钱。coercesbintodoingsomethingcoerceuniformity强求一致7.epitomize:

betypicalof;serveasthetypicalexampleof代表，象征，写…的梗概，E.g.:(1).Hewasthemanwhoepitomizedblackresistancetothecolonialgovernment.他代表着黑人对殖民地政府的反抗。(2).Hernovelepitomizedboththegoodandtheevilinvictorian。epitomen.:①athingorpersonthatshowsaqualityorsetofqualities典型，象征；缩影②ashortaccountofabookorspeech梗概；缩写，节录E.g.:(1).Sheistheepitomeofarrogance.她是傲慢的典型。(2).Mycatistheepitomeoflaziness(=Mycatisverylazy.).Paragraph10march:walkwithfirmregularstepslikeasoldier齐步前进,行军pace:walkwithslow,steadysteps,especiallybackwardsandforwards踱方步patrol:goatregulartimesround(anarea,building,etc.)toseethatthereisnotrouble,thatnooneistryingtogetinoroutillegally,etc.巡逻，巡查stride:walkwithlongstepsorcrosswithonelongstep大踏步地走，跨stalk:walkstiffly,proudly,orwithlongsteps高视阔步地走strut:walkproudlyorstiffly,especiallywiththechestpushedforwardandtryingtolookimportant趾高气扬地走，大摇大摆地走tread:stepon踩,践踏Paragraph10tramp:walk(throughorover)withfirmheavysteps用沉重的脚步行走stepout:(AmE)gooutsideorgosomewhere(美口)暂时走开prance:movequickly,happilyorproudlywithaspringingordancingstep欢跃地走prowl:(ofananimallookingforfood,orofathief)moveabout(anarea)quietly,tryingnottobeseenorheard潜行，暗中徘徊E.g.:beastsprowlingaftertheirprey四处觅食的野兽Paragraph10sidle:(up)walkasifreadytoturnandgotheotherway,especiallysecretivelyornervously（尤指鬼鬼祟祟地或胆怯地）悄悄地走E.g.:Hesidleduptothestrangerinthestreetandtriedtosellhimthestolenring.在街上，他鬼鬼祟祟地走到陌生人面前企图向他兜售偷来的戒指。Paragraph10creep:moveslowlyandquietlywiththebodyclosetotheground匍匐前进，爬行；蹑手蹑脚地走E.g.:Thecatcreptsilentlytowardsthemouse.猫悄悄地向老鼠爬过去。

Thepolicemancreptuponthecriminalandseizedhimfrombehind.警察偷偷逼近罪犯，从后面将他一把抓住。Paragraph10plod:(especiallyalong,on)walkslowly,especiallywithdifficultyandgreateffort;trudge

沉重缓慢地走，步履艰难E.g.:Theoldmanplodsalong,hardlyabletolifteachfoot.那老人步履艰难地走着，双脚几乎都提不起来。Paragraph10trudge:walkwithheavysteps,slowlyandwitheffort(plod)步履艰难地走,跋涉E.g.:Hehadtotrudge(for)20milestogethome.他要跋涉20英里才回到家。shuffle:walkbydraggingone’sfeetslowlyalong曳足而行，拖着步子走stagger:walkormoveunsteadilyandwithgreatdifficulty,almostfalling蹒跚，摇晃，踉跄E.g.:Hewasstaggeringalongasifdrunk.他摇摇晃晃地向前走，好像喝醉了酒一样。toddle:walkwithshortunsteadysteps,asasmallchilddoes