句子成分转换的译法

句子成分转换的译法Thehumanbodyhasaverycomplexorganization.译①：人体有一个非常复杂的构造。译②：人体的构造非常复杂。原主语humanbody转换为定语“人体的”原宾语organization转换成主语“构造”原文定语complex转换成谓语“复杂”句子成分转换所谓句子成分转换的译法，是把句子的某一成分（如主语）译成另一成分（如宾语等）。在多数的情况下，词类转译必然导致句子成分的转译，例如：当英语的动词转译为汉语的名词或者副词时，该动词的谓语成分就相应地转译为汉语的主语、宾语或状语。成分转换的目的是使译文通顺，符合汉语习惯。例如：Itisbecausetheboundingpropertiesofonepairofelectronsinthedoublebondarenotfullysatisfied.这是由于双键上的一对电子不具有充分饱和的键合性质。句中主语：“theboundingproperties”转译为宾语；句中定语：“onepairofelectrons”转译为主语；句中表语：“aresatisfied”转译为定语。主语的转译Thefollowingdefinitionsapplytothetermsusedinthisspecification.Organiccompoundsarenotsolubleinwaterbecausethereisnotendencyforwatertoseparatetheirmoleculesintoions.Methaneislessthanhalfasheavyawater.Whenacopperplateisputintothesulfuricacidelectrolyte(硫酸电解液),veryfewofitsatomsdissolve.主语的转译Thefollowingdefinitionsapplytothetermsusedinthisspecification.本说明所用的一些术语定义如下。（主语----谓语）Organiccompoundsarenotsolubleinwaterbecausethereisnotendencyforwatertoseparatetheirmoleculesintoions.有机化合物不溶于水，因为水没有将它们的分子分离成离子的倾向。（主语----宾语）Methaneislessthanhalfasheavyawater.甲烷的密度不到水的一半。（主语----定语）Whenacopperplateisputintothesulfuricacidelectrolyte(硫酸电解液),veryfewofitsatomsdissolve.当将铜极片置于硫酸电解液中时，几乎没有铜原子溶解。（主语----状语）谓语的转译Thus,anacidandabase(碱)reactinaprotontransferreaction.Thepastfewdecadeshavebeencharacterizedbyprodigiousexpansionofheorganic-chemicalindustry.Themeltingpointofalkanesareratherirregularatfirst,buttendtorisesomewhatsteadilyasthemoleculesbecomelarger.谓语的转译Thus,anacidandabase(碱)reactinaprotontransferreaction.因此，酸和碱的反应是一个质子转移的反应。（谓语----宾语）Thepastfewdecadeshavebeencharacterizedbyprodigiousexpansionofheorganic-chemicalindustry.过去数十年的特征是有机化学工业得到了惊人的发展。（谓语----主语）Themeltingpointofalkanesareratherirregularatfirst,buttendtorisesomewhatsteadilyasthemoleculesbecomelarger.烷烃的熔点起初很不规则，但随着分子的增大，则有些稳步上升的趋势。（谓语----宾语）宾语的转译TNThashighexplosivepower.Itisassumedthatthereislittleifanyleakagethroughthecondensers.Lightmakesvisionpossible.宾语的转译TNThashighexplosivepower.(TNT=trinitrotoluene)TNT的爆炸力很大。（宾语----主语）Itisassumedthatthereislittleifanyleakagethroughthecondensers.可以设想，电容器即使漏电，也是很少的（宾语----主语）Lightmakesvisionpossible.有了光，才能看见东西。（宾语----谓语）表语的转译Matterisanythingthatoccupiesspace.Inthissensestructureanalysisiscommontomostorganicresearch.表语的转译Matterisanythingthatoccupiesspace.凡占有空间的都是物质。（表语----主语）Inthissensestructureanalysisiscommontomostorganicresearch.从这个意义上讲，结构分析普遍应用于大多数的有机研究。（表语----谓语）定语的转译Therearetwogroupsofmetals:puremetalsandtheiralloys.Manyfactorsenterintoequipmentreliability.Automaticmachineshavingmanyadvantagescanonlydothejobstheyhavebeen"told"todo.Benzenecanundergothetypicalsubstitutionreactionsofhalogenation,nitration,sulphonationandFriedel-Craftsreaction.(卤化、硝化、磺化和傅氏反应)定语的转译Therearetwogroupsofmetals:puremetalsandtheiralloys.金属有两大类：纯金属及其合金。（定语----主语）Manyfactorsenterintoequipmentreliability.涉及设备可靠性的因素很多。（定语----谓语）Automaticmachineshavingmanyadvantagescanonlydothejobstheyhavebeen"told"todo.自动化机器虽然有很多优点，但它们只能干人们“吩咐”它们要干的事情。（定语----谓语）Benzenecanundergothetypicalsubstitutionreactionsofhalogenation,nitration,sulphonationandFriedel-Craftsreaction.苯可以进行典型的取代反应，如卤化、硝化、磺化和傅氏反应。（定语----同位语）状语的转译Whenoxidesofnitrogenareabsorbedinwatertogivenitricacid,achemicalreactionoccurs.Whenaspringistightlystretchered,itisreadytodowork.TNTissimpleandrelativelysafetomanufacture.Inthesimplestchemicalcelltheelectrolyteisasolutionofsulfuricacidinwater.Theattractiveforcebetweenthemoleculesisnegligiblysmall.状语的转译Whenoxidesofnitrogenareabsorbedinwatertogivenitricacid,achemicalreactionoccurs.当水吸收氮氧化物形成硝酸时，就发生了化学反应。（状语----主语）Whenaspringistightlystretchered,itisreadytodowork.拉紧的弹簧随时可以做功。（状语从句----主语）TNTissimpleandrelativelysafetomanufacture.制造TNT简单而且比较安全。（状语----谓语）Inthesimplestchemicalcelltheelectrolyteisasolutionofsulfuricacidinwater.在最简单的化学电池内，电解液是硫酸的水溶液。（状语----定语）Theattractiveforcebetweenthemoleculesisnegligiblysmall.分子间的吸引力小得可以忽略不计。（状语----补语）

语序的改变

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