2023年上海市高考英语模拟试卷试题四（含答案）

2023年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海高考英语模拟试卷I.Listeningcomprehension略II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.DianeVanDerenOnFebruary19,2009,DianeVanDerenwasoneofadozenrunnerstakingpartintheYukonArcticUltra,a400-mileraceacrossfrozentundra(苔原)inthemiddleofwinter.Notasinglewoman(21)___________(complete)itever.Withtemperaturesof30degreesbelowzeroandonlysevenhoursofdaylighteachday,it'sprobablythe(22)___________(tough)raceintheworld.But,then,thereisnowomanlikeDianeVanDeren.Twelveyearsearlier,VanDeren,aformerprofessionaltennisplayer,hadakiwi-sizepieceof(remove)___________totreatherepilepsy(癫痫).Theoperationwassuccessful,butshenoticedastrangesideeffect:shecouldrunwithoutstoppingforhours.AtthestartoftheArcticUltra,icywindsfrozenVanDeren5swatersupplies,soshehad(24)___________todrinkforthefirsthundredmiles.Shekept(25)___________(go)onwithfrozenfruitandnutbars.Ontheeleventhday,theice(26)___________herfeetcrackedopenandVanDerenfelluptohershouldersintoafreezingriver.Shemanaged(27)___________(climb)outbuthersoakedbootsfrozetoherfeet.Yetsomehowthroughitall,VanDerenremainedpositive,(28)__________wasperhapshelpedbyanothercuriousbyproductofheroperation."Ihaveaproblemwith(29)_________iscalledshort-termmemory.Icouldbeoutrunningfortwoweeks,but(30)___________someonetoldmeitwasdayoneofarace/"Shejokes,“I'dsay,Great,let'sgetstarted!”OnFebruary26,2009,exactlytwelveyearsafterhersurgery,VanDerencrossedthefinishlineoftheArcticUltra.Shewasoneofeightfinishers一andthefirstandonlywoman.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.agreements B.chattering C.efforts D.feasibly E.fulfillmentF.hardG.introduced H.morality I.persuaded J.seized K.spoiledHere'stoguilt-freeflyingMajaRosengaveupflyingadecadeagooutofconcernforitsenvironmentalimpact.Butwhenshebecameamotherandstartedhangingoutwithotherparents,shedidn'tbringitup,evenwhentheconversationturnedtoflying.Itwouldhave_____31_____themood.TheninApril2018,herhomecountryofSweden_____32_____ataxonaviation(飞行).Theclimateimpactsofflyingwereontheeveningnewsandthemoodchanged.Rosen_____33_____themoment.WithherneighborLottaHammar,shelaunchedacampaigncalled"Westayontheground",whichhas_____34_____10,000peopletocommittoavoidflightsin2019.Kudos.Buthere'sthe_____35_____truth:inthegrandschemeofthings,barelyanyonewillfollowsuit.The_____36_____classestendtohavealottosayabouttheecobenefitsofavoidingmeat,cyclingandeatinglocallysourcedfood.Butthat_____37_____generallydisappearswhenitcomestoflying.Wecan'trelyoninternational___38_____tostopaviationemissioneither.Yes,theUNhasfixedupadealtocapaviationemissionsbeyond2020.Butitlacksrealbite,allowingairlinestocontinueemittingcarbonprovidedtheyoffset(抵消)it.Allthismeanswecouldreallydowithgreentechridingtotherescue.Here,atleast,thereisalittlegoodnews.Evenrathersimplemeasureslikefreeingplanestoflyinstraighterlinescould_____39_____cutcarbonemissions.Hybrid(混合动力的)electricaircraftarealsothepipeline.Andwealreadyknowthatplanescanmixupto50percentbiofuelsintotheirtanksandflysafely.It'stimetoredoubleour_____40_____tomakeplanesgreen.Inthemeantime,ifyouarestilllookingforaNewYear'sresolution,youmightwanttothinkaboutjoiningthose105000Swedes.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Insummarisingthestateoftheplanet—risingpopulation,widespreadconflict,one-sixthoftheplanetsufferingextremepovertyandhunger,globalwarming一JeffreySachs,authorof"TheCommonWealth、canpaintaterriblepicture.However,he'san_____41_____andbelievesthatalloftheseproblemscanbeovercomeinrelativelystraightforwardwaysandatrelativelylittlecost.That'sbecausetherootcausesareinterconnectedand_____42_____man-made.Takechildmorality(死亡).Perhapssurprisingly,thehigherthechildmoralityrateis,thehigherthebirthrate.Thisleadstoa_____43_____populationwhichputsagreaterstressonalreadyscarceresources,sofarmershavetoworkhardertoproduceenoughfoodforall,whichmeanschildrenareoftenputtoworkinthefieldsorathome.This,_____44_____,stopschildrengettingtheeducationwhichwillallowthemtolearn,amongotherthings,aboutbetterfarmingtechniquestoincreasecropyieldsandprovidemorefoodtoeatandsell.Sachsarguesthatthe_____45_____ofprovidingeverychildinpovertywithananti-mosquitobednetisamajorfirststep.Malaria(疟疾)isahugecauseofdeathinchildrenandthebednetsmassively_____46_____infections.Thefewerchildrenthatdieofmalaria,themoresecureparentsfeelabouttheirchildrensurviving.Themoresecureparentsfeel,thefewerchildrentheyhave,andsoon,revisingthe_____47__trendjustdescribed.However,itis_____48_____acombinationofmeasuresatthesametimethattrulymakesadifference:freeschoolmealsimproveschoolattendanceandhealth;supplyingfertiliserstoimprovesoilandbetterseedsprovidesevenbetterharvests;basichealthcareandcleanwatersupplies_____49_____morefataldiseases.Theseideasarealreadybeing_____50_____implementedinover100Africanvillagesinunderdevelopedregions.Thecostoftheprojectisjust$10perpersonperyear,ofwhich50%comesfromdonorsandtherestfromamixtureoflocalandnationalgovernmentsandthevillagersthemselves.Soifit'sso_____51_____,whyhasn'titbeendonebefore?WhataboutalltheaidthathasbeengiventoAfricaandtheunderdevelopedcountriesoftheworld?Hasitbeenlosttocorruption（腐败）?Sachsarguesthattherealproblemisnotcorruption,butthefactthatrichgovernmentshave_____52_____suchalot,butactuallygivensolittle.Theyagreedtogive0.7%ofnationalincomeinaid,butonlyfivecountrieshavemetthat_____53_____.Hesuggestscurrentaidis$24billionperyear,whichtranslatesasjusttendollarsperperson—notnearlyenoughtoimplementthe_____54_____measures.SowhileSachsseesanopportunitytoendpovertyforever,healsoraisesan_____55_____thatthiscouldbethelastchancewehave,'Thelongerwewait,thegreateristhesufferingandthelargerthelong-termcosts?41.

A.economist B.optimist C.expert D.opponent42.

A.prospectively B.essentially C.thoughtfully D.refreshingly43.

A.declining B.global C.booming D.local44.

A.inturn B.bycontrast C.onend D.withcare45.

A.truth B.principle C.solution D.statement46.

A.transmit B.specify C.worsen D.reduce47.

A.downward B.general C.modem D.previous48.

A.describing B.reserving C.adopting D.protesting49.

A.modify B.intensify C.prevent D.locate50.

A.successfully B.hesitantly C.personally D.worthlessly51.

A.popular B.simple C.hard D.strange52.

A.spent B.promised C.learned D.featured53.

A.requirement B.condition C.challenge D.target54.A.restricted B.standardized C.requested D.combined55.A.alarm B.objection C.amount D.instanceSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）I'minMarrakech,theheartofMoroccoatthebaseoftheAtlasMountains,withmyson,Sam.He'seight.We'vecomeherewithMohamed,afriendwhoownsastoreinourNewYorkneighborhood.We'reregularcustomersatMohamed'sstore,whereSamcanoftenbefoundnegotiatingwithhisfriend.Whenthey'renotbargaining,they'rechattingaboutswords,orcamels,orthedesert."YouneedtocometoMarrakech,"Mohamedtoldme.I'llshowyouaroundandteachSamhowtoreallygetabargain!”Sohereweare.WemeetupwithMohamedoveracupofteaatatableoutsidethetinyCafebenYoussef,deepintheoldcityofMarrakech.We'resittinginanareaborderingthestallsofthemarketplace.Vendors(小贩)withcartsofferfreshlysqueezedorangejuice,othersselldatesorfigs.Nearbyaretheworkshopsthatsupplythegoodstothisworld-famousmarket.Later,aswewalkaround,MohamedbeginsthefirstofhisbargainingtutorialsforSam."EverythinginMoroccoisopentonegotiation,Sam.Whenyouhearaprice,thefirstthingyousayis'Toomuch一bezqfandthenwalkaway.""ButwhatifIlikeit?"“Whenyouseesomethingyoulike,maybealamp,youaskaboutsomethingelseinstead.Then,asyouwalkout,youask,"Andhowmuchisthatlamp?9asthoughyou5djustnoticeditandaren'treallythatinterestedinit."Weturnacomerandaregreetedwithsweet-smellingorangeblossoms."Don'talwaysgiveanoffer.Makethemcontinuetolowertheprice.Oh,andwearsomethingMoroccan：Mohamedcontinues,asweenterafairlylargeshop.MostofthestallsinMarrakechspecializeinonething,butnotthisone.Decorativeandlethal-lookingswordshangbesidesofthand-dyedfabrics;largecamelbonescoveredinwritingsitbesidemassivecopperlamps.ItisherethatSamspotsabox.“Look,atreasurechest!”It'smadeofwood,andpaintedredandgold.Heopensthelid,thenclosesit.“Cool."Thenhespotsatall,cobaltblue,tear-shapedoldperfumebottle."Fourhundreddirham,”theshopkeeperpronounces.Fiftydollars.Samsaysnothing.Whetherhe'stooshyorispracticingMohamed'sbargainingtechnique,Ican'ttell.Heeventuallyagreestopay200dirham,about$24.rdsaythebottleisworth$10,atmost.Clearly,hisnegotiatingskillsneedalittlework."Justtogetstarted,Dad,”Sammeasuresmeashepaysforthebottle.56.AccordingtoMohamed,peopleinMarrakechlike__________.A.bargaining B.tradingC.drinkingtea D.showingfriendsaround57.WhatdoesMohamedadviseSamtodowhenhefindssomethinghelikes?A.Tolookforsomethingsimilarinanothershop.B.Tocomplaintothevendoraboutitshighprice.C.Toconcealhisrealpreferencefromthevendor.D.Toaskthevendoraboutthepriceassoonaspossible.58.WhatdoesthewriterimplyaboutSam'sfirstnegotiatingexperience?A.Itisfarfromsuccessful.B.ItcostsSammorethanthemoneyhepays.C.ItrevealsSam'spotentialinnegotiation.D.ItshowsthatSamistooshyfornegotiation.59.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.AShoppingTrip. B.TheCharmoftheMarketC.ABusyCity.D.TheArtoftheDeal(B)TheManWhoAtehisBootsisafascinatingaccountofexpeditionsthatwentwrong.Thebookexaminesthe19thcenturysearchforaroutetoAsiabywayoftheNorthwestPassagethroughtheArcticOcean.AuthorAnthonyBrandtdescribesthemanyattemptsbybothlandandseathatendedinfailureandtragedy,includingthe1845expeditionledbySirJohnFranklin.Brandtshowshowthesebrave,yetsometimesfoolish,explorerscouldhaveavoidedstarvation,frostbite,andevendeathiftheyhadcopiedthesurvivaltechniquesofthelocalInuitpeople.Someofthemoresurprisingdetailsthebookrevealsinclude:IGLOOSTheexplorers,despiterepeatedlywatchingtheInuitbuildigloos,insistedonusingcanvastents.Tentsfreezeinsub-zerotemperaturesandgivelittleprotectiontoanyoneinsidethem.Iftheyhadlearnedtobuildigloos,theexplorerswouldhavebeenwarmevenintheworstArcticweather.SEALSKINIftheexplorershadwornsealskinandfursliketheInuit,theywouldn'thavesufferedfromthefrostbitethatwascommonamongthem,butrareamongtheInuit.DOGTEAMSWhydidn'ttheBritishusedogteamstopulltheirsleds?Pullingsledsthemselveswasatraditionamongmanyexplorersrightintotheearly20thcenturyItcostScottandhismentheirlivesontheirreturnfromtheSouthPolein1912.TheBritishdidgetsomethingright,however,whenCaptainEdwardParrygrewsaladvegetablesinboxesonboardhisship.Itwasknownthatfreshvegetablesandfreshmeatpreventedscurvy(坏血病)，althoughatthattimethereasonforthis(vitaminC)hadnotbeendiscovered.Parry'smenwouldn'thavebeenashealthyiftheyhadn'teatenthesalads.60.InTheManWhoAtehisBoots’theauthormainly________.A.introducessomefoolishexplorersB.focusesonsomeunsuccessfulexpeditionsC.analyzestheInuitpeople'ssurvivaltechniquesD.explorestheadvancesinequipmentusedforexpeditions61.AccordingtoAnthonyBrandt,whatshouldtheexplorershavedone?A.Theyshouldhavelearnedmoreabouthowsealssurvivedincoldwater.B.Theyshouldhavesetupmorecanvastentstokeepthemselveswarm.C.TheyshouldhavehelpedtheInuitpeoplebuildigloos.D.Theyshouldhaveuseddogstopullthesledsforthem.62.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.EdwardParryfoundawaytopreventscurvybyaccidentB.EdwardParry'ssuccessfulvoyagewasararecaseatthattimeC.EdwardParrywasthefirstcaptainthatgrewsaladvegetablesonboardD.EdwardParry'smencouldhavebeenmorehealthyiftheytookvitaminC（C）Everythingweknowsuggeststhattheuniverseisunusual.Itisflatter,smoother,largerandemptierthana"typical"universepredictedbytheknownlawsofphysicsifwereachedintoahatfilledwithpiecesofpaper,eachwiththespecificationsofapossibleuniversewrittenonit,itisunlikelythatwewouldgetauniverseanythinglikeoursinonepick—orevenabillion.Thechallengethatcosmologistsfaceistomakesenseofthisspecialness.Oneapproachtothisquestionisinflation―thehypothesis(假设)thattheearlyuniversewentthroughastageoffastexpansion.Atfirst,inflationseemedtodothetrick.Asimpleversionoftheideagavecorrectpredictionsforthespectrumoffluctuationsinthecosmicmicrowavebackground.Butacloserlookshowsthatwehavejustmovedtheproblemfurtherbackintime.Tomakeinflationhappenatallrequiresustofine-tunetheinitialconditionsoftheuniverse.Andunlessinflationishighlytuned,itleadstoarunawayprocessofuniversecreation.Asaresult,somecosmologists（宇宙学家）suggestthatthereisnotoneuniverse,butaninfinitenumber,withahugevarietyofproperties:themultiverse.Thereareaninfinitenumberofuniversesinthecollectionthatarelikeouruniverseandaninfinitenumberthatarenot.Buttheproportionofinfinitytoinfinityisundefined,andcanbemadeintoanythingthetheoristwants.Thusthemultiversetheoryhasdifficultymakinganyfirmpredictionsandthreatenstotakeusoutoftheareaofscience.Theseotheruniversesareunobservableandbecausechancedictatestherandomdistributionofpropertiesacrossuniverses,suggestingtheexistenceofamultiversedoesnotletusgettoanythingaboutouruniversebeyondwhatwealreadyknow.Asattractiveastheideamayseem,itisbasicallyasleightofhand,whichturnsanexplanatoryfailureintoanapparentexplanatorysuccess.Thesuccessisemptybecauseanythingthatmightbeobservedaboutouruniversecouldbeexplainedassomethingthatmust,bychance,happensomewhereinthemultiverse.Westartedouttryingtoexplainwhytheuniverseissospecial,andweendupbeingaskedtobelievethatouruniverseisoneofaninfinitenumberofuniverseswithrandomproperties.Thismakesmesuspectthatthereisabasicbutunexaminedassumptionaboutthelawsofnaturethatmustbeoverturned.Cosmologyhasnewquestionstoanswer.Notjustwhatarethelaws,butwhyaretheselawsthelaws?Howweretheychosen?Wecan'tjusthypothesisewhattheinitialconditionswereatthebigbang,weneedtoexplainthoseinitialconditions.Thusweareinthepositionofacomputerprogramaskedtoexplainitsinputs.Itisclearthatifwearetogetanywhere,weneedtoinventnewmethods,andperhapsnewkindsoflaws,togainascientificdescriptionoftheuniverseasawhole.63.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofouruniverse?A.Thereareseveralhypothesesaboutitsearlystage.B.Therearemorethanonebillionuniversessimilartoours.C.Itisexpandingatagreaterspeedthatitdidatthestageofthebigbang.D.Itisdifferentfromthepredictionsmadeaccordingtothelawsofphysics.64.Whatdoesthewriterimplyaboutthehypothesisofinflation?A.Ithasn'tbeenchallenged. B.Itdoesn'tmakemuchsense.C.Itisbyfarthemostreasonableapproach.D.Itisthesimpleversionofacomplicatedidea.65.Whichwordinthepassageissimilarinmeaningtothephrase"sleightofhand"(paragraph4)?A.process B.prediction C.trick D.infinity66.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthewriter___________.A.believestheideaofthemultiversewillhelpustounderstandouruniversebetterB.arguesthereisafixedproportionofuniverseslikeourstothoseunlikeoursC.holdscomputerprogramscanworkbetterthanhumansincosmologyD.thinkssomelawsofnaturethatwetakeforgrantedmaybefalseSectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Unsurprisingly,whenhiscustomersheardaboutthejokestheydidn'tseethefunnysideandthesharepriceofthecompanycrashed.B.AllIcansayisthatit'sjustaswellI'mnotfamous!C.Thesameisnottrueforeveryone,particularlyifyouarefamous.D.Whatmakesthingsworseforthefamousisthatthesemistakesbecomeevenmorewidelypublicisedbecauseof24-hournewschannelsandwebsites.E.Thisisthekindofthingmanypeoplemightdoprivatelywhentheygettogetherwithcolleaguesafterwork.F.Asaresult,whatwasprivatesuddenlybecamepublic.SillyMistakesHittheHeadlinesWehaveprobablyallhadmomentswhenwesaidthewrongthing.Icertainlyhave.TherewasthetimeatuniversitywhenImetafriendinacoffeebarafterclassandimmediatelystartedcomplainingaboutourtutor,whowascalledDrGray.Iwasgoingonandonabouthowmiserableshewas一strict,boring,unfriendly—andmyfriendwasn'treallysayingmuch.Afteraminuteorso,sheinterruptedmeandsaid,'Um,IthinkIshouldintroduceyou'.ShethenturnedtothisotherstudentwhoIhadn'treallynoticeduptillthenandsaid,"ThisisTracy.TracyGray'!Fortunately,theresultofputtingmyfootinitwasonlyanawkwardmomentandastonysilence.Maybemyfriendsthoughtalittlelessofme,maybetheythoughtIwasanidiot,butnorealharmwasdone.__________67__________TakeGeraldRatner.Hewasthemultimillionaireownerofachainofshopsthatsoldcheapjewellery.Inwhatwassupposedtobealight-heartedspeechtosomefellowbusinessmen,hejokedaboutthequalityofsomeofhisproducts.Hesaidsomeearringswere'cheaperthanasandwich,butprobablywouldn'tlastaslong'.Otherproductscouldbesoldatsuchlowpricesbecausetheywererubbish.__________68__________Ratnerhadtoresignasdirectorandshortlyafterwardsthecompanywastakenoverbyacompetitor.Insomeways,Ratnercouldbeseenasunfortunateinthathewasinasemi-privatemeetingwithfriendsandcolleagueshewasateasewith,buttherehappenedtobeajournalistthere.__________69__________Andwiththeriseofsocialmedia,therehavebeenplentyofotherswhohavebeencaughtoutbytheincreasinglyvagueboundariesbetweenourprivateandpublicfaces.Forexample,agroupofflightattendantsmadejokesabouttheenginesontheirplanesfailingandcomplainedabouttheirairlineandclients(客户).__________70__________Unfortunately,theydiditpubliclyonFacebookanditledtothirteenofthembeingfired.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassage.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.CitiesintheSeaTheymaybesmall,buttheybuildbigthings!Coralpolyps(珊瑚虫),whichliveinthewarm,shallowpartsoftheEarth'soceans,areprobablythebiggestbuildersontheplanet.Coralpolypsturncalciumfromseawaterintoahardmaterialcalledlimestone.Slowly,theybuildupahardskeleton(骨架)aroundtheirbodies.Whenpolypsdie,theirskeletonsremain.Youngpolypsattachthemselvestotheoldskeletonsandmakenewskeletons.Overtime,weirdandwonderfulshapesareslowlybuiltupintoamazingcoralreefs（珊瑚礁）.Scientistssometimesthinkofcoralreefsasunderwatercities.Aquarterofallknownmarinespeciesliveinreefhabitats―therearenearlyathousandcoralspecies.Reefsarealsohometomillionsofseacreatures,likefish,crabs,turtles,andsharks.Humansdon'tliveincoralreefcities,butwebenefitfromthem.Reefscreatejobsforpeopleinthefishingindustryandotherrelatedbusinesses.Coralreefsarealsopopularfordivers一manycountriesbenefitfromthetouriststhattheyattract.Lastly,chemicalsfromreefcreatureshelpscientistscreatenewmedicines,whichhelpdoctorstreatdifferentillnesses.Coralreefsareveryimportant,yetwedon'ttakegoodcareofthem.Environmentalproblemshavealreadykilledabouttwentypercentoftheworld'sreefs.Abouthalfoftheremainingreefsaredying,andexpertsbelieveallofEarth'scoralreefswillbeindangerby2050.Whyarethereefsinsuchtrouble?Foronething,peoplecatchtoomanyre