高中英语外研版Module5Cloning module5sectionⅳ

SectionⅣGrammar&Writing虚拟语气(Ⅰ)阅读下列句子，体会黑体部分的用法1．Ifyouwereheadofthegovernment,wouldyouallowcloning?2．Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn'thavebeensowonderful.3．lfitweretorain/shouldrain/rained,thecropswouldbesaved.4．HadIworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.5．Wereshemydaughter,Iwouldn'tallowhertostudyabroad.6．ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.7．Butforyourhelp,wecouldn'thavesucceeded.8．Shewasn'tfeelingshewouldn'thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法情况从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be动词用were)would/should/could/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反一般过去时(be用were)should＋动词原形wereto＋动词原形would/should/could/might＋动词原形Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。(与现在事实相反)IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldtakethebeautifuldressformydaughter.如果我的钱足够的话，我就会为女儿买下这件漂亮的礼服。(与现在事实相反)Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果早点起床，你就会赶上火车了。(与过去事实相反)Ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rainedtomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthesportsmeeting.如果明天下雨的话，我们就得推迟运动会。(与将来事实相反)二、虚拟条件的三种特殊形式1．省略if的虚拟语气虚拟条件句中若含有were,had或should，可以把if省略，把were，had或should提到句首，构成部分倒装。不可把否定的缩略形式一起置于句首。WereitSundaytomorrow,wewouldgototheGreatWall.要是明天是星期日，我们就能去长城了。HadItakenmyfather'ssuggestion,Iwouldhavedoneitbetter.如果听从了父亲的建议，我会做得更好。Shoulditraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.如果明天下雨，运动会会被推迟。Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.若不是费用的问题，我现在就出国了。2．错综时间条件句在虚拟语气中，条件从句中的谓语可以和主句中的谓语发生时间不一致，这时从句和主句要根据各自所发生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。Ifyouhadpreparedinadvance,youwouldn'tbeinsuchanawkwardpositionnow.如果你事先做好准备，现在就不至于那么被动。(从句表示过去，主句表示现在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetohisbirthdaypartyyesterday.如果我是你，我昨天就去参加他的生日宴会了。(从句表示现在，主句表示过去)3．含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况不是以if条件从句表示，而是通过其他形式表现出来，这种从句被称作含蓄虚拟条件句，其主要用法如下。(1)用butfor,without等介词(短语)表示条件。Butfortherain，weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.要不是下雨，我们会有一次愉快的旅行。(2)用连词otherwise,or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。Therewasatrafficjamontheway,otherwise,Iwouldhavearrivedanhourago.路上堵车，要不然我一小时前就到了。(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，but前面为虚拟语气，后面为真实情况。Ishouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.我本该多帮帮你，但我太忙了。三、虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句在wish后的宾语从句中，常常表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句中通常用虚拟语气，意为“可惜……”、“……就好了”、“悔不该……”。1．对现在的情况的虚拟，从句中谓语动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)。2．对过去情况的虚拟，从句中谓语动词常用had＋过去分词。3．对将来的主观愿望，从句中谓语动词常用would/could/might＋动词原形。Iwishwecouldgototheseasidetoday.我们今天去海边就好了。Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.我们要是早到那里两个小时就好了。Iwishitwouldbefinetomorrow.但愿明天天气晴朗。四、其他几种虚拟语气1．It's(high/right)time＋that...句式谓语动词用动词过去式或should＋动词原形，其中should不能省略，be动词用were。表示“现在该……”。It'stimethatyouhadahaircut.你该理发了。It'shightimethatweshouldtakesomeaction.我们该采取一些行动了。2．wouldrather虚拟语气从句wouldrather意为“宁愿……”。表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望时，句子谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反的愿望时，句子谓语动词用过去完成时。I'dratheryoupaidmenow.我宁愿你现在就付给我钱。Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow.我宁愿他们明天来。I'drathershehadn'tdonethat.我宁愿她没做那件事。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．IfIhadenoughmoneynow,I(buy)acar.2．Ifwe(drive)inturn,youwouldn'thavegotsotired.3．Ifit(snow)tomorrow,wewouldtakephotos.4．Ifyou(nowatch)TVyesterday,you(notbe)sleepynow.5．Iwasillthat,I(take)partinthesportsmeeting.【答案】buydriventosnow'twatched；wouldn'tbehavetakenⅡ.单句改错1．Wereitraintomorrow，thesportsmeetwouldbepostponed.2．IfIhadhadtime，IwouldhavegonetothepartywithIamverybusy.3．Withoutyourhelp，thechildwouldn'tputupthepictureonthewalljustnow.4．IwishIvisitedthecitybefore.5．It'stimethatyougotoschool.【答案】前加to→was前加have前加had→went关于正反观点的议论文正反观点类议论文针对一些社会热门话题或贴近生活的话题为内容展开讨论，并表明自己的看法和观点。写正反观点对比类作文应注意下列事项：1．结构：写此类作文时，一般采用三段式。首先提出问题，即点明人们在什么问题上持有不同的观点，其次要对比陈述不同的观点和理由，最后就是要根据题目要求恰当地陈述一下自己的观点和理由，最好不要重复前面谈到的理由。2．语言：所用时态多为一般现在时。中心人称是第三人称。行文时要注意就事论事，对比要点要清晰完整，一目了然。3．行文：文章段落之间的逻辑关系由过渡性词和短语来完成，在修辞中称为“起、承、转、合”。“起”就是开头，“承”就是承接，“转”是转折，“合”是综合或总结。[亮点句式]1．Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson.../Viewsvaryfrompersontoperson.2．Opinionsarevariousonthismatter.3．Everythinghastwoaspects./Everycoinhastwosides.4．Somepeoplethinkthat...，whereasothersarguethat...5．Itisknowntousallthat...6．Inaddition,itwillbemoredifficultfor...todo...7．AsfarasIamconcerned，...8．Foronething，...Foranother，...9．Takingallthesefactorsintoconsideration，...10．Inconclusion,Ibelievethat...11．Someareinfavorof/forit.12．Somepeopleapproveof/agreewith/supportit.13．Someofthemholdtheviewthat...14．Whileothersholdtheoppositeopinion.【写作任务】【导学号：38300037】你们就高二模拟考试应该偏难还是偏易这个问题进行了一次讨论。结合下表内容，用英语写一篇短文，介绍有关讨论的情况，并发表自己的看法。赞成偏难，反对偏易赞成偏易，反对偏难喜欢挑战，越难越好；有助于学生了解自己的薄弱环节，改进学习方法题目太难，学生会泄气，会害怕今后的高考；题目容易，易得高分，获得自信注意：1.词数100左右，开头已为你写好(不计入总词数)；2．文章必须包含所有要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：高考CollegeEntranceExaminationRecentlyIhavemadeaninvestigationonwhetheramodeltestpaperforSeniortwostudentsshouldbedifficultorarevariousonthismatter.[审题谋篇]体裁议论文话题学校生活时态主体部分用一般现在时人称一、三人称[遣词造句]Ⅰ.词汇1．beweakin 在……方面不擅长2．inone'sopinion 某人认为3．beagainst 反对4．feelterribleabout 觉得害怕5．neither...nor... 既不……也不……6．gainconfidence 获得自信7．loseheart 失去信心Ⅱ.句式1．在这个问题上的观点/看法因人而异。Opinionsarevariousonthismatter./Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonthismatter.2．有些学生认为难的考试就是挑战。Somestudentsthinkitachallengetotakeadifficultexam.3．考试简单了，就可以得高分，获得自信。Takinganeasyexam,theycangethighmarksandgainconfidence.4．我希望考试既不太难也不太容易。Iwouldprefertotakeanexamwhichisneithertoodifficultnortooeasy.5．考试题目太难，我们就会灰心丧气。Iftheexamistoodifficult,wewillloseheart.[妙笔成篇]【参考范文】RecentlyIhavemadeaninvestigationonwhetheramodeltestpaperforSeniortwostudentsshouldbedifficultorarevariousonthismatter.Somestudentsthinkitachallengetotakeadifficultharder,thethinkonlyinthiswaycanithelpstudentsfindoutwheretheyareweakinstudiesandimprovetheirlearningapproaches.Others,however,areagainstadifficulttheiropinion,ifitisverydifficult,theymaybecomediscouragedandfeelterribleaboutthecomingCollegeEntrance,takinganeasyexam,theycangethighmarksandgainconfidence.Iwouldprefertotakeanexamwhichisneithertoodifficultnortooifitistooeasy,teacherswillnotknowhowweareactuallygettingonwithourstudies,andifitistoodifficult,wewillloseheart.学业分层测评(十五)Ⅰ.完成句子1．要是有一天我上了月球，就能亲眼看看月亮表面是什么样子了。IfItothemoonsomeday，Ithesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyes.2．如果他们学习不那么刻苦，就不会通过考试了。Iftheyhard，theyintheexam.3．要不是几次中断，会议半个小时前就开完了。theseinterruptionsthemeetinghalfanhourago.4．我要是和她一起去那儿就好了。IwishItherewithher.5．我多么希望像一只鸟一样可以飞！HowIwishIlikeabird!【答案】to/shouldgo；couldseenotstudied；wouldhavefailedfor；wouldhavefinishedgoneflyⅡ.阅读理解AAcancer­strickenBritishteenagegirlsaidThursdayshehadbeenmovedbymessagesofsupportfromaroundtheworldafterwritinganonline“BucketList”ofthingsshewantedtodobeforedying.AlicePyne，15,createdanInternetbloginwhichshedescribedherfightagainstacancerofthewhitebloodcells.“I'vebeenfightingcancerforalmostfouryearsandnowIknowthatthecancerisgainingonmeanditdoesn'tlooklikeI'mgoingtowinthisone，”shewrote.Forherlist,theteenagertookinspirationfromthe2023film“TheBucketList”，inwhichtwoterminallyill(患绝症的)men,playedbyMorganFreemanandJackNicholson,drawupalistofthingstheywishtodobeforetheydie.Onherlist,atthesiteshehasincludedmakingeveryonesignuptobeabonemarrowdonor(骨髄捐赠者),swimmingwithsharks,meetingboybandTakeThatandgettingapurpleiPadcomputer.MessagesofsupportandoffersofhelpquicklyfloodedherwebpageanditbecameoneofthemosttalkedaboutsubjectsonTwitter.“OhdearandIthoughtthatIwasjustdoingalittleblogforafewfriends！”shewroteafterhersiteattractedhugeattention.“Thankyousomuchforallyourlovelymessagestome.”Pyne,wholiveswithherfamilyinthenorthwestEnglishtownofUlverston,revealed(透露)themanagementofTakeThathadarrangedforhertoseethebandafterreadinghergroupoflocallawmakershavealsojoinedforceswiththeAnthonyNolanbloodcancercharitytoencouragepeopletojoinitsstemcellregister.1．WhathappenedafterAlicePynewroteher“BucketList”？A．Themediacalledonpeopletohelpher.B．Peoplesentgiftstoherfromallovertheworld.C．Alotofpeopleofferedtodonatebonemarrowtoher.D．Peoplearoundtheworldsentmessagestosupporther.【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第三段“Messagesofsupportandoffersofhelpquicklyfloodedherwebpage”可以看出帖子发布后，收到了世界各地的人们支持她的信息。所以选D。【答案】D2．AlicePynewroteher“BucketList”to．A．expressherlastfewwishesB．saygoodbyetoafewfriendsC．givecomforttotwoterminallyillmenD．catchpeople'sattention【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的“writinganonline‘BucketList’ofthingsshewantedtodobeforedying”可以看出“BucketList”表达的是她最后的几个愿望。所以选A。【答案】A3．ItcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatAlicePyne．A．isunawareofherownconditionsB．iscalmtoknowthatdeathisapproachingC．isverysadtoknowthatshewilldieD．isstillquiteconfidentinfightingagainstthecancer【解析】推理判断题。由第二段的“Iknowthatthecancerisgainingonmeanditdoesn'tlooklikeI'mgoingtowinthisone”可知她对自己的病情和结果进行了平静的叙述，由此可知B项符合语境。【答案】B4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTonAlicePyne's“BucketList”？A．Tomeetaboy.B．Togetacoolcomputer.C．Toswimwithsharks.D．Toaskpeopletodonatebonemarrow.【解析】细节理解题。第四段介绍了“BucketList”所有的内容，其中包括B、C、D三项，但是“boybandTakeThat”是一个乐队而不是一个男孩。所以选A。【答案】ABThere'snothingMickeyMouseabouttheworkofscientistsatamedicalcenterhere．Medicalresearchersrecentlygrewahuman­shapedearinalabdish，thenjoinedittothebackofamousesuccessfully.Tomaketheear,scientistsfirstpulledoutbitsofcartilage(软骨)fromahumanusedthosecellstogrowmorecartilagecartilagecellswerethenputintoaspecialpolymermoldshapedlikeahuman,abiodegradableplastic,absorbedthecartilagecellsinaboutaweek.Toseeiftheearcouldbeconnectedwiththehumanbodysuccessfully,scientistsputthenewearintotheskinonamouse'smousehadbeenspeciallykepttolackaninfection­fightingsystem,orimmunelackofanimmunesystempreventedthemouse'sbodyfromattackingtheear,aprocesscalledall,theearwasn'titsownoriginally,soitwouldhaveattackedtheearifithadhadanimmunesystem.Afterseveraldays,themouse'sskingrewaroundtheear,keepingtheearinsaidthemouseexperimentwouldleadtotransplantsofearsandnosesgrownfromhumancartilageintohumans.Thetransplantswouldbeusedforpeoplewholacksomethingsuchasearsandnosesfrombirthorhavehadaccidentalthosecases,theearornosecouldbetransplantedunderaperson'sskinsothecartilagewouldhaveanaturalcovering.5．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1meanaccordingtothepassage?A．Thescientists'workhasnothingtodowithMickeyMouse.B．Thescientistsheredon'tlikeMickeyMouseatall.C．Thescientistsdon'tdoanyexperimentonMickeyMouse.D．FilmsonMickeyMousewillneverbemadehere.【解析】句意理解题。此句所表达的意思为“在这里的医疗中心，科学家们的工作与米老鼠没有任何关系”。选项A中“hasnothingtodowith...”意为“与……无关”。【答案】A6．Thepassagemainlytellsaboutawonderfulexperimentof．A．makingaplasticearforamouseB．makingahumanearoutofamouse'scartilageC．makingahumanearoutofhumancartilageD．transplantingahumanearontoamouse'sback【解析】细节理解题。耳朵是给人移植用的，只不过先在老鼠身上做个实验，而且耳朵的细胞组织也是从人的腿部软骨组织上获取的，故C项正确。【答案】C7．WhichofthefollowingistheCORRETorderoftheexperiment?a．Puttingthecartilagecellsintoapolymermold.b．Joiningthenewearintotheskinonamouse'sback.c．Takingoutsomecartilagefromahumanleg.d．Themouse'sskingrowingaroundtheear.e．Thepolymer'sabsorbingthecartilagecells.A．c，a，b，d，e B．c，a，e，b，dC．a，e，e，b，d D．a，e，e，d，b【解析】顺序排列题。该实验的正确顺序是：获取组织—放入模型—细胞生长—移植—成活。从第二段至第四段的内容可知实验的步骤。因此，B项排序正确。【答案】B8．Theearwasputintotheskinonamouse'sbackinorderto．A．testwhetheritcouldbeconnectedtoalivingbodysuccessfullyB．createanewkindofmouseforfunC．seewhetheritwouldhearaswellasrealonesD．provethepossibilityoftransplantinghumanorgansintootheranimals【解析】细节理解题。由文章第三段第一句可知答案。【答案】AⅢ.语法填空W：Thanksforstayingtunedtoournextitemis1.(real)arequitethefashionnowadays—2.arebooksabouttwins,websitesabouttwins;twinsevenhavetheirownfestivalsand'vesentourreporter,TrevorWilliams,toAmerica3.(find)outfirst­handinformationaboutaveryspecialtwins,canyou4.me?M：Yes,Karen，loudandclear.W：Andwhereareyoutoday,Trevor?M：Asyoucansee,I'mhereintheheartofNewYorkCity,inan5.(amaze)placetoeat—TwinsRestaurant.W：Well,thenTrevor,6.canyoutellusabouttherestaurant?M：Well,Karen,Ispoketotheowners,twinsDebbieandLisatoldmethatallthewaitersand7.(wait)intheirrestaurantareidenticaltwins—37pairsinall—andtheyalwaysworkatthesametime，atthesametables.W：Don'tthecustomersgetconfused?M：That'spartofthefun!And8.