新视野大学英语第四册unit8教案

PAGEPAGE9UnitEight:SectionAupto/upuntil/uptill:until 直到Upto yesterday,wehadnoideawherethechildwas. 子在哪里。Uptill thewarshehadlivedalone. 直到战争爆发，她一直是一个人生活。Hewashere upto amomentago. 他刚才还在这里。Negro: n. a person who belongs to a dark-skinned, esp. African race; peopleThewordisnowconsideredoffensivebymanypeopleandwordssuchas “black ”and “American ”areusedinstead,especiallyinformalsituationssuchasnewspapersorgovernmentstatements.The word “colored ”issometimesconsideredoffensiveexclusively:ad.involvingonlythethingsmentioned,andnothingelseThereisnowatrendawayfroman exclusively academiccurriculumtowardsteachingmorepracticalsubjectsinschools. 的课程转向教授更实用的学科的趋势。Theselfishmanlooksoutforhimself exclusively . 那自私的人只顾他自己。Compare :exclusive:a.usedonlybyonepersonorgroup,andnotsharedbyotherpeople;iftwothingsaremutuallyexclusive,theycannotexisttogetherTheseexpertshave exclusive useoftheofficeandtheequipment. 这间办公室及设备专供这些专家使用。Thereisnoreasonwhythesetwofunctionsshouldbemutually exclusive . 有理由说明这两个功能为什么不能同时存在。peer:v.(at)lookcloselyatsth.whenyoucannotseeitclearly 仔细看，凝视Hepeered closely at thetagtoseetheprice. 他细看标签以辨认价格Marian peeredat himoverthetopoftheeveningpaper;hereyeswereshiftywithguilt. 玛丽安越过晚报的上方凝视着他，眼神里闪现着内疚。cautiously:ad.carefully;inacarefulmannertoavoiddangerormistakesThey are cautiously optimistic because of the constructive atmosphere whichthetalkswilltakeplace. 他们保持谨慎的乐观，因为会谈将在积极的气氛中举行。AllenandMarianpassedthebeast cautiously ,keepingasfarawayaspossible,withtheirswordsreadyinhand. 艾伦和玛丽安手里握着刀， 小心翼翼地经过那头野兽，尽可能远离它。Compare :cautious:a.careful,takingcaretoavoidrisksI'malwaysmore cautious thananyoneofthem,becauseI'mneverabsolutelycertainwhathappensnext. 会发生什么。Theytooka cautious approachtotheissue. 对这个问题，他们采取了谨慎策略。thetimid:theshyandnervouspeopletimid:a.shyandnervous;lackingconfidenceIwouldhavebeenas timid asthegirlherself,ifshehadlookedatme! 个女孩子看我的话，我会跟她一样害羞。Myhorseisabit timid andiseasilyfrightenedbytraffic. 车辆惊吓。inpassing:bytheway;casually;asamatterofsecondimportance 顺便Idon'tremembertheaddress;heonlymentionedit inpassing . 地址了，他只是顺便提到过。Ihavenotcomeonavisit;Ihavejustcalled inpassing . 是顺便来看看你。breakoff:endespsuddenly （使⋯⋯）中断Hebrokeoff hisholidaytoattendabusinessmeeting. 务会议了。Britainthreatenedto breakoff diplomaticrelations. 英国威胁要中断外交关系。Hewassoangrythathe brokeoff hisfriendshipwithher . 他太愤怒了，断绝了她的友谊。inthat:forthereasonthat;because 因为；在于I'mlucky inthat I'vepassedtheexam. 我很幸运，因为我考试通过了。Ipreferhisplantoyours inthat Ithinkitismorepractical. 喜欢他的，因为我觉得他的计划更实际。giveof(one'smoney/time,etc.):give(one'smoney/time,etc.),esp.inawaythatseemsgenerous 给，提供，献出Wethankedallthepeoplewho havegivenof theirmoney. 我们对所有那些捐出钱款的人深表谢意。We'reverygratefultoallthepeoplewho havegivenof theirtime. 那些献出他们时间的人深表谢意。Buthewould give generously of histimetosuchorganizationsastheBritishCouncil,helpingtoauditionyoungpeoplewithambitionstodance. 英国文化委员会这样的组织慷慨地献出时间，帮助面试那些在舞蹈方面有抱负的年轻人。generously:ad.(esp.ofaperson)inawayoneiswillingtogivemoney,help,kindness,etc.esp.morethanisusualorexpected,or(ofanobject)largerthanusualorexpectedPleasegive generously tochildreninneed. 请慷慨赠与那些需要帮助的孩子们。Thefarmer generously allowedustocamponhisland. 的土地上露营。Wewereentertainedmost generously bothinpeople'shomesandinsomesplendidrestaurants. 我们在人们的家里和一些豪华宾馆都受到了最慷慨的款待。Compare :generous:a.Itwasmost generous ofyoutolendmethemoney. 你真是大方，把钱借给我。She'svery generous withhertime —alwaysreadytohelpotherpeople. 她舍得花时间——总是乐于帮助别人。tendency:n.ifsb.orsth.hasaparticulartendency,theyarelikelytobehaveoractinaparticularwayHehasastrongnatural tendency towardscaution. 他生来十分谨慎小心。Thismaterialhasa tendency toshrinkwhenwashed. 这种材料水洗时会缩水Therewasadangerthattheanti-inflation tendencies wouldbewatereddownbyotherEuropeancountrieswherecontrolofpriceswaslessofapriority. 货膨胀的趋势面临着被其他欧洲国家削弱的危险，因为这些国家没有优先考虑价格控制。Sheshowedmusical tendencies fromanearlyage. 她从小就表现出对音乐的兴趣。suffer:v.experiencesth.unpleasant,suchasinjury,defeatorlossTheparty suffered ahumiliatingdefeatinthegeneralelection. 遭令人感到耻辱的失败。Thecompany suffered hugelossesinthelastfinancialyear 政年度损失惨重。permanent:a.lastingforalongtimeorforeverHowever ,incorrectlystretchingyourwoundedlegcancauseuntolddamageandeven permanent injuriesinextremecases. 料不到的损伤，在极端情况下甚至会导致永久性损伤。Areyoulookingforatemporaryora permanent job? 期的工作？Hisworkison permanent displayinthegallery. 他的作品在画廊永久陈列。atone'selbow:nearbycloseby 在（某人）手边，在（某人）近旁Avirtueofthiscottageisthattheoceanis atyourelbow . 是临近大海。Duringthevisit,theinterpreterwasalways atherelbow . 一直在她身边。paya/thepricefor:doorgivesth.inordertogetwhatonewantsThisis theprice wemust payfor freedom. 这是我们为自由必须要付出的代价。Maybeuniformityis oneoftheprices wehaveto payfor sociabilityinamobilesociety. 在一个更为流动的社会中， 统一性也许是我们为社交活动必须要付出的代价之一。inthemain:ingeneral;onthewhole 基本上，大体上Inthemain ,themoneyraisedgoestochildren'scharities. 的资金送到儿童慈善机构。Hisfriendsarelawyers inthemain . 他的朋友多是律师。propup(against/with/onsth.): 支撑，支持supportsth.orsb.(against/with/onsth.)Thelittlegirlstoodthedollontheboxesthatrepresentedthechair ,proppedupagainst thewallbehind. 小女孩让布娃娃站在充当椅子的盒子上，靠在后面的墙上。She propped herself upon oneelbow. 她靠一支胳膊肘支撑着。Theyhadto propup thetree with longpolesunderthebranches. 用长的杆子撑在树枝下来支撑这棵树。(oftendisapproving)helpsth.thatishavingdifficultiesThegovernmentwasaccusedof proppingup decliningindustries. 支持日益衰败的产业。incompanywithtogetherwith 与⋯⋯一起I, incompanywith manyothers,feelthisdecisionwaswrong. 都感到这个决定是错误的。Inthearmy,hefoundcomradeship,excitementandadventure incompanywith menofsimilartaste. 在军队里，他和志趣相投的人一同感受了友情、 刺激和冒险。alter:v.becomedifferent;makesb.orsth.differentShehad altered somuchIscarcelyrecognizedher . 她的变化很大，我几乎认不出她来了。Theoldlandscapehasbeenradically altered,severelydamagingwildlife. 的景观已经发生了巨大的改变，严重地破坏了野生动植物。Thisincidentalteredthewholecourseofevents. 这件事改变了整个事件的进程Wecanhavethedress alteredtofityou.我们可以把这件衣服改一下使它更合你的身材。moreorless:tosomeextentordegree;somewhat 在某种程度上，或多或少地Hemoreorless thoughtitwashisdutytotellme. 他或多或少认为告诉我是他责任。Theyweremoreorlesswillingtohelpthem. 他们多少愿意帮些忙。Hemoreorlessadmittedhe'ddoneit. 他多少有点承认是他做的了Theprojectwasmoreorlessasuccess.这项计划大体上是成功的。Thoughteachersareveryexperiencedpredictorsofhowchildrenwillperform,theprojectwastakentoshowthatchildrenwoulddo, moreorless,whatisexpectedofthem. 尽管教师们经验丰富，能预见到孩子们的表现，但是这个项目可以用来证明孩子们或多或少都会按照大人期望的那样做。UnitEight:Section Bbeatback:forcesb.orsth.togoback 击退，逐回Thefiremen beatback theblaze(=stoppeditfromspreading). 火势。Threepoliceofficers beatback theintenseheatandsmokefromthefireandsavedthechildren. 三名警官冒着大火的高温和浓烟，救出了孩子们。Compare :beat:v.tobeatsth.thatisgoingtohappenistotakeactionbeforethethinghappensLet'stryto beat thetrafficproblemsbyleavingearlyinthemorning. 为了避免交通堵塞，我们早晨尽量早点出发吧。2)defeatsb.inagameorcompetitionTheirrecentwinshaveprovedthey'restilltheonestoteamtobeat). 他们最近的胜利证明他们队仍然是最难对付的。2. pourout:tell;express(feelingsorsb.'swords)quicklyoreagerlybeat(=themostdifficult倾吐，诉说Waveafterwaveofpent-upemotion pouredout .出。Thewholestorythencame pouringout . 整个故事随后一倾而出。She pouredout hertroublestomeoveracupofcoffee. 她的烦恼。Myfriend poured herfears out tomeoverthelong-distancecall. 途电话向我倾诉她的恐惧。finger:v.touchorfeelsth.withthefingersGarysat fingering hisbeard,sayingnothing. 加里坐在那里手捻着胡子， 一言不发。Fingering hersuntannedface,Maryregrettedexposingherselftoomuchtothesun. 玛丽摸着晒黑的脸后悔晒太阳太多。accusesb.ofdoingsth.illegalThevictim fingered thesuspectasoneofthekillers. 手之一。Who fingered himfortheburglaries? 谁指认过他入室盗窃？have/betodowith:haveaconnectionwith;concern(sth.orsb.) 系Theriseinpriceshastodowith theincreasedcostofoil. 上扬有关。Itisclearthattheremustbesomeaspectsoflanguagelearningwhich havedowithlearninghabitsrelatedtoaparticularculture. 很显然，语言学习有一些方面肯定和某种相关文化的学习习惯有关。Ihadnothingtodowith theirdecision.他们的决定与我无关。Hisbookistodowithhumanbehaviour.他的书是关于人类行为的。renew:v.beginsth.againafterapauseoraninterruptionThearmy renewed itsassaultonthecapital. 军队再次发起对首都的攻击。Wehaveto renew oureffortstoattractyoungplayers. 年轻选手。Theannualdinnerisachanceto renew acquaintancewitholdfriends. 行的聚餐是一次与老朋友联络感情的机会。IhopethatthedecisiontogivemetheNobelPeacePrizewillencourageallthosewhopursuethecauseofpeaceto renew theireffortswithaspiritofoptimismand strength. 观主义的精神和意志力继续奋斗。whenitcomestosth.:asfarassth.isconcerned 当涉及到，当谈到Whenitcomesto computersandInternet,studentsallbecomeexcited eagertosaysomethingabouttheirexperience. 谈到计算机和因特网，学生们都很兴奋，急切地想说出自己的体会。When it comes to mathematics, my son feels confident, whereas when comesto Chinese,hefeelsfrustrated. 提起数学我儿子很有信心，而对于中文则感到灰心。Whenitcomesto make-up,I'mabsolutelyconvincedthatcosmeticsarethegreatestprotectoroftheskinyetdevised. 发明出来的最好的保护皮肤的东西。attachto:believethatsth.isimportantorworththinkingabout 认为有（重要性等）Iattach greatimportance to thisresearch. 我认为该研究很重要。Theexpertswouldn't attach toomuchweight to thesefindings. 现不太看重。Theenormousimportancepeople attached to theseissuesseemseventuallytohaveencouragedthepartiestoaddresstheminamorepracticalway. 些问题的极大重视似乎最终促使各方用更切合实际的方式来解决它们。fastenorjoinonethingtoanother 把⋯⋯附加于Iattach acopyofmynotes to theletterforyourinformation. 我在信中附了一份我的说明供你参考。Theyhave attached anumberofconditions to theagreement. 了一系列条件。vacant:a.havingnorealvalueormeaningvacant promises empty,notbeingusedSometimes an additional flat is vacant for visiting family or friends from distancewhowishtostayovernight. 有时，另一套房子是空着的，用来接待那些远道而来打算过夜的亲朋好友。Thereisaroom vacant ,asithappens. 事实是有间空房间。thesituationofapositionavailableforsb.totakeWhenthepostfinallyfell vacant ,theyofferedittoFrank. 他们把它给了弗兰克。diagnose:v.sayexactlywhatanillnessorthecauseofaproblemisJust imagine the stress and pressure that many people and their familiesexperiencewhenAIDSorHIVisfirst diagnosed . 初被诊断出来的时候，病人和他们的家庭所承受的压力。Hehasrecentlybeen diagnosed withrheumatism. 最近他刚刚被诊断患有风湿病。Compare :diagnosis:n.theactofdiscoveringoridentifyingtheexactcauseofanillnessoraproblemTheyarewaitingforthedoctor's diagnosis . 他们在等待医生的诊断。Anaccurate diagnosis wasmadeafteraseriesoftests. 系列化验后得出。interactwith:haveaneffecton(sth.elseoroneanother) 与⋯⋯互相作用，与⋯⋯互相影响Somebacteria'sgenes interactwith thoseofmanyplants. 多植物的基因相互作用，相互影响。Certainvitaminswill interact closely with calciumions. 生密切的相互作用。It is only after the child has interacted with the external world that constructionoflanguageasabstractreferencebecomesfeasibleatasufficientlysophisticatedlevel. 只有当孩子接触外部世界后， 作为抽象指代的语言结构才会在相当复杂的层面上变得切实可行。exaggerate:v.makesth.seemlonger ,better ,worseormoreimportantthanitreallyisThehotelwasreallyfilthyandI'mnot exaggerating . 这家旅馆真脏，我一点都不夸张。Demandforsatellitetelevisionhasbeengreatly exaggerated . 求被极大地夸大了。Compare :exaggerated:a.madetoseemlarger ,better ,worseormoreimportantthanitreallyisorneedstobe;doneinawaythatmakespeoplenoticeitShehasan exaggerated senseofherownimportance. 她自认为重要得不得了。Helookedatmewith exaggerated surprise. 他带着夸张的惊讶神色望着我。ingredient:n.(usu.pl. )thingsusedtomakesth.Thelistof ingredients included500gofsugarand200mlofcream. 清单上列的成分包括 500 克糖和200 毫升的奶油。What ingredients doyouneedforthiscakebesideflourandsugar? 和糖，做这种蛋糕还需要什么原料？Importingthe ingredients throughwholesalershasnotbeenaproblem. 批发商进口原料还不是什么问题。oneofessentialpartsofacertainsituationA subtle mind and a firm editorial hand were essential ingredients in successof TheStoryofArt byE.H.Gombrich,firstpublishedin1950. 敏锐的思想和稳健的社论式文笔是 E.H.冈布里奇的作品《艺术的故事》在 1950 年首次出版时成功的根本因素。Trustisanessential ingredient inasuccessfulmarriage. 要素。stimulate:v.makesth.developorbecomemoreactive;encouragesth.Theexhibitionhas stimulated interestinherwork. 趣。In the event of the horse being stimulated , perhaps by a strange noise object,themusclesaroundthemouthwillbecontracted,resultingintightenedlips. 如果马受了陌生的噪音或物体的刺激，它嘴部周围的肌肉将会收缩，导致双唇绷紧。Thearticlecanbeusedto stimulate discussionamongstudents. 用来激起学生的讨论。erestedandexcitedaboutsth.Parentsshouldgivechildrenbooksthat stimulate them. 发心智的书籍。Theinternationalconference stimulated himtostudythesubjectinmoredepth.这次国际会议激励着他更加深入地研究该课题。Curiosityaboutanimalbehaviorwasgreatly stimulated bythepublicationofTheOriginofSpecies (1859). 《物种起源》（1859 ）这本书的出版大大激发了人们动物行为的好奇心。abnormal:a.differentfromwhatisusualoraverage,esp.inawaythatisnotdesirableBycarryingoutasmeartest,doctorscandetectthe abnormal cellsthatmightbecomecancerousintimeandthentreatthemeasilyandsimply. 观察涂片，医生们能发现那些可能致癌的反常细胞，然后轻而易举地对付它们。Manyparentsthoughtatthattimeitwas abnormal foraboytobeinterestedinballet. 那时，许多父母认为一个男孩对芭蕾感兴趣是不正常的。Wehadrather abnormal weatherlastyear .去年的天气相当反常。multiply:v.increaseormakesth.increaseverymuchinnumberoramountPoorirrigation,transport,educationandmedicine multiplied thechancesdisasterforthepeasants. 不良的灌溉和运输条件，以及贫乏的教育和医疗状况，都增加了农民们受灾的可能性。Cigarettesmoking multiplies theriskofcancer .吸烟增加患癌症的危险。reproduceinlargenumbersRabbits multiply rapidly. 兔子繁殖很快。Itispossibleto multiply thesebacteriainthelaboratory. 是可能的。accelerate:v.happenormakesth.happenfasterorearlierthanexpectedInflationcontinuedtoaccelerate. 通货膨胀还在持续加速。Exposuretothesuncan老过程。acceleratetheageingprocess.曝晒于太阳之下会加速衰Thisprocesshas accelerated inthelast20yearsofthe20thcenturyand,weargue,reachedcompletioninthefirst2yearsofthe21stcentury. 我们认为这进程在20世纪的最后20年内加快了速度，而在 21世纪的前两年完成了。dothetrick:succeedinsolvingaproblemorachievingaparticularresult 达到目的Idon'tknowwhatitwasthat didthetrick ,butIamdefinitelyfeelingmuchbetter . 我不知道到底是什么起了作用，但我确确实实感觉好多了。Anotherturnoftheplierswould dothetrick . 再转动一次钳子就好了。innoway:bynomeans 决不，无论如何不Wecan innoway allowthistocontinue. 我们决不能允许这件事再继续下去。Thefootballplayershavetriedtheirbesttheyare innoway toblame. 动员已经尽了最大努力，他们决不应该受到责备。In no way did I wish to diminish the importance of these services or theimportanceofthepeoplewhoworkedinthem. 员的重要性。deny:v.refusetoadmitoracceptsth.She denied allknowledgeoftheincident. 她否认了解这起事件。Thedepartment denies responsibilityforwhathashappened. 生的事情负责。refusetoallowsb.tohavesth.thattheywantoraskforThestudentscomplainedthattheywere denied accesstothecomputers. 们抱怨不允许他们使用计算机。Justicemustnotbe denied toanyone,howeverpoorhemaybe. 公平待遇，无论其如何贫穷。inparticular:especiallyorparticularly 尤其，特别HelovesBrazilianfootballplayers inparticular . 他尤其喜欢巴西足球队员。ForeignfriendsloveChinesefood inparticular . 外国朋友尤其喜爱中国食物。Forpresentpurposesthreeitems inparticular meritcomment.