2019全程备考二轮复习高三英语“阅读理解”热考话题分类练习 阅读理解专练(七)自然与环境(带答案)

阅读理解专练（七）自然与环境（限时20分钟）A（2019届高三•郑州模拟）Hail（冰雹）issolidprecipitate（沉淀物）thatformswithinthunderstorms.Hailstonesaresometimesfoundcontainingsand,leaves,nutsandinsects.Thereareevenreportsofhailcontainingsmallturtles,babycrocodilesandfrogs!Allofthemhavebeensuckedintothestormbytornadoesandsubsequentlyenvelopedinicethroughrepeatedupdraftcurrents（上升气流）.Hailstonesgenerallybeginformingasseedsofsmallfrozenraindropsorsofticeparticlesknownasgraupel（雪丸）.Ifgraupelfallsthroughthecloudandgetsintoanupdraftpartofathunderstorm,itmixeswithwaterdropsandiceparticlesthatwillfreezearounditasitrises,likelayersofanonion.Theseicestonesarecarriedintothetopsofthecloud,gainingmassastheyrise.Somewhereupthere,theybecometooheavyfortheupdrafttocarryandsofalltowardstheground.Astheyfall,theoutsidelayermeltstoaclearlayer.Largerhailcanfallataspeedofover100mph,thuscausingdamageandinjuriestoalmostanything.Peatopennysizedhailcancauselightdamagetotreesandvegetationandpossiblycauseminorinjuriestopeopleandanimals.Tennisballtobaseballsizedhailisobviouslydamaging.Itcancauseseveredamagetocropsandproducelifethreateninginjuriestopeopleandanimals.DeathscausedbyhailarerareintheUSwiththelastknownfatalityoccurringinMarch2000inLakeWorth,Texas.Ayoungmandiedfromheadinjuriesafterbeingstuckbyasoftballsizedhailstone.Deathsandinjuriesaremorecommoninotherpartsoftheworldwherepeopleliveinpoorlyconstructedbuildingswithlittleprotection.Ifcaughtinahailstormwhiledriving,attempttostopimmediatelyorpullintoanearbysafeplace;otherwise,theeffectofthehailwillbemaximized.Trytodriveandparkthevehicleinthedirectionofthehailsothatitishittingthefrontofthevehicle.Windscreensaregenerallystrengthenedandcanwithstandlargerimpactsthansideandbackwindows.Thiswilllessenanydamagefromflyingglasstobothpeopleandequipmentinthevehicle.「一“语篇解读：本文主要讲什么是冰雹，冰雹是怎样形成的，它有多大的危害，如果在驾驶途中遇到了冰雹该怎么办。.Whatmakessomehailcontainsomethingunusual?A.Aircurrents.B.Strongstorms.C.Thunderstormsandtornadoes.D.Tornadoesandupdraftcurrents.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知冰雹里含有小海龟、小鳄鱼以及青蛙是因为龙卷风将它们卷入空中，再加上上升的气流使它们被冰包住。.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.Howhailcomesintobeing.B.Whatgraupelismadeupof.C.Whatdifferentlayersofhaillooklike.D.Howgraupelmixeswithwaterandice.解析：选A段落大意题。根据第二段的内容可推知该段主要讲冰雹是如何形成的。.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fatality”inParagraph4probablyreferto?A.Frighteningevent.B.Unexpecteddamage.C.Seriousinjuryinadisaster.D.Deathresultingfromadisaster.解析：选D词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的“withthelastknownfatalityoccurringinMarch2000inLakeWorth,Texas'及下文冰雹造成了一名男子的死亡可猜出fatality意为"死亡"。.What'sthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Tourgepeopletostayawayfromhailstorms.B.Towarndriversofthepotentialdangersduringhailstorms.C.Toofferguidaneetodriversonhowtopreventhaildamage.D.Toadvisepeopletopurchasenecessaryprotectiveequipment.解析：选C推理判断题。根据该段的内容可知该段的主要目的是为司机提供一些遭遇冰雹时的应急方法。B（2018・西安模拟）It'sknowntoallthatrainforestsareimportant.Butdoyouknowwhy?Tropicalrainforeststookbetween60and100millionyearstoevolve进化）andarebelievedtobetheoldestandmostcomplexlandbasedecosystemonearth,containingover30millionspeciesofplantsandanimals.That'shalfoftheEarth'swildanimalspeciesandatleasttwothirdsofitsplantspecies!Rainforestsstorewater.Infact,itisbelievedthattheAmazonianforestsalonestoreoverhalfoftheEarth'srainwater!Rainforesttreesdrawwaterfromtheforestfloorandreleaseitbackintotheatmosphere.Withoutrainforestscontinuallyrecyclinghugequantitiesofwater,feedingtherivers,lakesandirrigationsystems,droughtswouldbecomemorecommon.Doyouknowthatwealsodependontreestocleanse（争化）ouratmosphere?Theyabsorbthecarbondioxidethatwebreatheout,andprovidetheoxygenweneed.However,whenrainforesttreesareburnt,theyreleasecarbondioxide,whichpollutestheatmosphereandcontributestoglobalwarming.Surprisingly,soilintherainforestisverypoorinnutrients.Thisisbecausethenutrientsarestoredinthehugenumbersoftreesandplantsratherthaninthesoil.Treerootsbindthesoiltogether,whilethecanopy（树荫）protectsthesoilfromheavyrain.Whenatreediesanditstrunkfallstotheforestfloor,itbreaksdownandthenutrientsitcontainsarerecycled.However,iftreesareremovedfromtheforest,thenutrientsareremovedwithit.What'sworse,theunprotectedsoilisthensimplywashedawaybyheavyrain,causingfloodsinlowlandriverswhileleavinguplandriversdry.Manylocalpeoplehavebeenlivinginharmonywiththerainforestforthousandsofyears,dependingonitfortheirfood,shelterandmedicines.Whenoilandloggingcompaniescometoremovevastareasofforest,theybringdiseaseswhichpeopletherehavenoresistaneetoandthreatentheirsurvival.Oftentheyarealsoforcedtomoveawayfromtheirhomestounfamiliarplaces,sometimesevenbeingkilledintheprocess.-语篇解读：本文介绍了热带雨林重要的原因以及破坏雨林的后果。--一.WhatcanwelearnaboutrainforestsfromParagraph2?A.Theyareimpossibletorecoveroncedamaged.B.Theyaretoooldandcomplextoevolvethemselves.C.Theyhavefewerwildanimalspeciesthanplantspecies.D.They'reimportanthomestowildanimalandplantspecies.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段的"containingover30millionspeciesofplantsandanimal's可知热带雨林是三千多万种动植物的家园。.What'simpliedaboutrainforestsinParagraph3?A.Theyareabigcauseofdroughts.B.Theyneedalotofrainwatertosurvive.C.Theyplayabigroleintheglobalclimate.D.TheystorealmosthalfoftheEarth'srainwater.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段的"Withoutrainforestscontinuallyrecyclinghugequantitiesofwater,feedingtherivers,lakesandirrigationsystems,droughtswouldbecomemorecommon可知热带雨林在调节全球气候方面起着很重要的作用.Whydoestheauthormentionthepoorsoilintherainforest?A.Tostresstheimportaneeoftreestosoil.B.Toencourageimprovementofsoilthere.C.Toexplainaveryinterestingphenomenon.D.Toraisepeople'sawarenessofprotectingsoil.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第五段的"Treerootsbindthesoiltogether,whilethecanopy（树荫）protectsthesoilfromheavyrain”可知作者是想强调树木对于土壤的重要性。.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Wecanburnrainforeststomakethelandricher.B.Weshoulddoourbesttopreventglobalwarming.C.Weshouldprotectrainforestsinsteadofdestroyingthem.D.Wecandependonmanythingstocleanseouratmosphere.解析：选C推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是讲热带雨林为什么很重要，以及破坏雨林的后果，故可推知我们应该保护热带雨林，而不是破坏它们。C（2018•-江西名校联盟5月质检）Anewstudyhasidentifiedpollutionastheworld'sNo.1killer.Studyorganizerssaypollutionisresponsibleformoreprematuredeathsthanwar,terrorism,naturaldisasters,smokinganddisease.Bysayingprematuredeath,theresearchersmeandyingbeforetheaverageageofdeathwithinapopulationgroup.Manyofthesedeathscanbeprevented.AreportonthestudywaspublishedinthemedicaljournalTheLancetTheresearcherslookedatpollutionlevels,bothinsideenclosed（封闭的）buildingsandintheworldaroundus.Theyconcludedthatpollutionkilledabout9millionpeoplein2O15.Thatwouldrepresentoneofeverysixdeathsworldwide.KartiSandilyahelpedtopreparethereport.Hesaid,“Pollutiondamagesfundamentalhumanrights,suchastherighttolife,health,wellbeing,safeworkaswellastheprotectionofchildrenandthemostvulnerable（易受伤害的）Thereportsaidthelargemajorityofpollutionrelateddeathstakeplaceindevelopingcountries.Theresearcherssayleadersinthosecountriesaremoreconcernedaboutbuildingtheireconomicsandpublicservicesthanenvironmentalcontrols.SomeofthemostaffectedcountriesareBangladesh,China,Haiti,India,Pakistan,NorthKoreaandSouthSudan.ButRichardFuller,anotherwriterofthereport,saidpollutionistiedtosloweconomicdevelopmentinbothrichandpoornations.Hesaid,“Financeministersstillholdfirmlythatyouhavetoletindustrypollutionorelseyouwon'tdevelop.Whatpeopledon'trealizeisthatpeoplewhoaresickordeadcannotcontributetotheeconomy.Theyneedtobelookedafter”Thereportsaidthat9millionprematuredeathsayearisonlyaconservativefigure.Itsaidtheactualnumberislikelytobemuchhigher.AseparatestudybytheWorldBanksaidreducingpollutionmustbeatopgoal.ltsaidthatsettlingthisproblemwouldleadtoapproachestootherdangers,includingpoornutrition（营养）andrisingtemperaturesontheEarth'ssurface.「一…语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，污染是当今世界的第一大杀手，减少污染必须成为人类!|的首要目标。|.Whichismainlytoblameforpollutionaccordingtothereport?A.Poorcountries.B・Richcountries.C.Commonpeople.D・Thegovernment.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容可知，在国家层面上，为污染负主要责任的是政府。文中的“leadersinthosecountriesaremoreconcernedaboutbuildingtheireconomicsandpublicservicesthanenvironmentalcontrols"和“Financeministersstillholdfirmlythatyouhavetoletindustrypollutionorelseyouwon'tdevelop"都充分说明了这一点。.Whatdoesthefirstresearchfind?A.Pollutionisseriousinbothrichandpoorcountries.B.Prematuredeathscannotbepreventedworldwide.C.Pollutionhassomethingtodowithslowdevelopment.D.Pollutionhascausedmoreprematuredeathsthanexpected.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章的第四、五两段特别是第五段第一句ButRi