期中会计梳理chapter11.准备并使用银行对账单

Chapter5InternationalControl,cash,andPrepareanduseabankreconciliation准备并使用银DepositTicket/Slip(存款单银行提供定期存款单，客户登记每笔存款的金额。作为交易的证明，客户③Check(支票)要付现金，储户可开支票，支票上写明要向指定的一方支付一定的金额。支票有当事Themakerorthedrawerthepayeetowhomthecheckispaidthebankonwhichthecheckisdrawn④BankStatement(银行⑤Electronicfundstransfer(EFT)是指电子转账，通过电子通信转移现金。不用邮寄支票就能支付，相对便宜，所以很多人通过EFT支付他们的抵押、、水电费和保险。ⅡPreparingthebankreconciliation准备银①Banksideofthereconciliation银行方调Depositsintransit(outstandingdeposits在途账款).Youhaverecordedthesedeposits,butthebankhasnotAdddepositsintransitonthebankreconciliation.公司已经记录在账簿上，然而银行还未收Outstandingcheck(未兑现支票).Youhaverecordedthesechecks,butthebankhasnotyetpaidthem.Subtractoutstandingcheck.公司已经记录支票支出，但是收款方还没有去银行兑现，所以银行并Bankerrors(银行错误).CorrectallbankerrorsontheBanksideofthereconciliation.在存款余额调②Booksideofreconciliation公司方调Bankcollections(银行托收).BankcollectionsarecashreceiptsthatthebankhasrecordedforyouraccountButyouhaven’trecordedthecashreceiptyet.Manybusinesseshavetheircustomerspaydirectlytotheirbank.Thisiscalledalock-boxsystemandreducestheft.AnexampleisabankcollectinganaccountreceivableforyouAddbankcollectionsonthebankreconciliation.银行托收是银行为企业账户记Electronicfundstransfers(电子转账).Thebankmayreceiveorpaycashonyourbehalf.AnEFTmaybeacashreceiptoracashpayment.AddEFTreceiptsandsubtractEFTpayments.银行可以代收.Servicecharge(服务费).Thiscashpaymentisthebank’sfeeforprocessingyourtransactions.Subtractservicecharges.银行处理交易所收取的费用，在公司一方减去服务费。Interestrevenueonyourcheckaccount(利息收入).Oncertaintypesofbankaccounts,youearninterestifyoukeepenoughcashinyouraccount.Thebankstatementlsyouofthiscashreceipt.Addinterestrevenue.在某些类型的银行账户上，如果公司账户里有足够的现金，就能获得利息。在公司一方Non-sufficientfunds(NSF)checks(不足/空头支票).Thesearecashreceiptsfromcustomersforwhichtherearenotsufficientfundsintheirbanktocovertheamount.即客户的银行账户里没有足够的Thecostofprintedcheck支票打印费用ThisisusuallydeductedautomaticallybythebankandishandledlikeaservicechargeSubtractthiscost.通常由银行自动扣除的，并作为服务费处理，公司方减去.Bookerrors(账面错误)CorrectallbookerrorsontheBooksideofthereconciliation.在银行Accountingforuncollectiblemethodmethod）ⅠAllowancemethodAllowanceforuncollectiblereceivables坏账准备).Theallowanceshowstheamountofthereceivablesthebusinessexpectsnottocollect.坏账准备是指企业预计无法收回的应收账款的金额。①期初余额假设某公司年初坏账准备余额为900，如②writeoff(转销).指坏账确实发生，这笔应收账款无法收当年中坏账真实发生时,AllowanceforuncollectibleaccountsAccountsReceivables，假设该公司一年中writeoff了100的坏账，分录如下： Allowanceforuncollectible WroteoffuncollectibleAllowanceAllowanceforuncollectibleWriteoff:?Ending=UncollectiblereceivableAllowanceforuncollectibleRecordbaddebtexpenseforthe如先前数字假设900-AllowanceforuncollectibleⅡDirectwrite-offmethod直接转销Uncollectible-AccountExpenseAccountsAccountingforNotes①KeyCreditor.贷Debtor.借MaturitydatePrincipal本Maturityvalue到期本金+利息Term条②利息收益计算及分注意：一般题中利率为年利率，有些题目需注意每月的利息收③FinancingExpense财务费Evaluateacompany’sabilitytocollect①Receivablesturnover(应收账款周转率)应收账款周转率是平均应收账款在一年内转换为现金的Receivablesturnoverratio=sales/Averagereceivables②Receivablecollectionperiod(应收账款周转天数)表示公司收回平均应收款需要多长时间③周转天数越短、周转率越高，公司应收账款运转状况越好AccountingAuditAperiodicexaminationofacompany’sfinancialstatementsandtheaccountingsystems,controls,andrecordsthatproducethem.Auditsmaybeeitherexternalorinternal.Externalauditsareusuallyperformedbycertifiedpublicaccountants(CPAs).BankcollectionsCollectionofmoneybythebankonbehalfofaBankreconciliationAexplainingthereasonsforthedifferencebetweenadepositor’srecordsandthebank’srecordsaboutthedepositor’scash.Bankstatementshowingthebeginningandendingbalancesofaparticularbankaccountlistingthemonth’stransactionsthataffectedtheaccount.BudgetAtativeexpressionofaplanthathelpsmanagerscoordinatetheentity’sCashequivalentInvestmentssuchastimedeposits,certificatesofdeposit,orhigh-gradeernmentsecuritiesthatareconsideredsosimilartocashthattheyarecombinedwithcashforfinancialdisclosurepurposesonthebalancesheetandcashflowstatement.Chequeinstructingabanktopaythedesignated orbusinessthespecifiedamountofComputerAmaliciousprogramthatentersacompany’scomputersystembye-mailorothermeansanddestroysprogramanddatafiles.ControllerThechiefaccountingofficerofaCreditorThepartytowhommoneyisowed;alsocalledtheCurrentratioCurrentassetsdividedbycurrentliabilities.Measuresacompany’sabilitytopaycurrentliabilitieswithcurrentassets.DebtorThepartythatborrowedandowesmoneyonthenote;alsocalledthemakerofthenoteortheDepositsin AdepositrecordedbythecompanybutnotyetbyitsDoubtful-accountexpenseAnothernameforuncollectible-accountElectronicfundtransfer(EFT)Systemthattransferscashbyelectroniccommunicationratherthanby ExceptionreportingIdentifyingdatathatisnotwithin“normallimits”sothatmanagerscanfollowupandtakecorrectiveaction.Exceptionreportingisusedinoperatingandcashbudgetstokeepcompanyprofitsandcashflowinlinewithmanagement’splans.FraudAnintentionalmisrepresentationoffacts,madeforthepurposeofpersuadinganotherpartytoactinawaythatcausesinjuryordamagetothatparty.FraudtriangleThethreeelementsthatarepresentinalmostallcasesoffraud.Theseelementsarepressure,opportunity,andrationalizationonthepartoftheperpetrator.FraudulentfinancialreportingFraudperpetratedbymanagementbypreparingmisleadingfinancialImprestsystemAwaytoaccountforpettycashbymaintainingaconstantbalanceinthepettycashaccount,supportedbythefund(cashpluspaymenttickets)totalingthesameamount.InterestTheborrower’scostofrentingmoneyfromalender.Interestisrevenueforthelenderandexpensefortheborrower.InternalcontrolOrganizationalplanandrelatedmeasuresadoptedbyanentitytosafeguardassets,encourageadherencetocompanypolicies,promoteoperationalefficiency,andensureaccurateandreliableaccountingrecords.LapAfraudulentschemetostealcashthroughmisappropriatingcertaincustomerpaymentsandpostingpaymentsfromothercustomerstotheaffectedaccountstocoveritup.Lapiscausedbyweakinternalcontrols(i.e.,notsegregatingthedutiesofcashhandlingandaccountsreceivablebookkee,allowingthebookkeeperimproperaccesstocash,andnotappropriaymonitoringtheactivitiesofthosewhohandlecash).Lock-boxsystemAsystemofhandlingcashreceiptsbymailwherebycustomersremitpaymentdirectlytothebank,ratherthanthroughtheentity’smailsystem.MaturitydateThedateonwhichthedebtormustpaytheMaturityvalueThesumofprincipalandinterestontheMisappropriationofassetsFraudcommittedbyemployeesbystealingassetsfromtheNon-sufficientfunds(NSF)chequeA“hot”cheque,oneforwhichthepayer’sbankaccountinsufficientmoneytopaythecheque.NSFchequesarecashreceiptsthatturnouttobeworthless.OperatingbudgetAbudgetoffuturenet e.Theoperatingbudgetprojectsacompany’sfuturerevenueandexpenses.Itisusuallypreparedbylineitemofthecompany’s estatement.OutstandingchequesAchequeissuedbythecompanyandrecordedonitsbooksbutnotyetpaidbyitsbank.PettycashFundcontainingasmallamountofcashthatisusedtopayminorPhishingCreatingboguswebsitesforthepurposeofstealingunauthorizeddata,suchasnames,addresses,socialsecuritynumbers,bankaccount,andcreditcardnumbers.PrincipalTheamountborrowedbyadebtorandlentbyaReceivablecollectionperiodtheaveragenumberofdaystocollectreceivablesfromcustomers,calculatedbydividing365byreceivableturnover.Alsocalleddays’salesinreceivablesordayssalesReceivableturnoverthenumberoftimesreceivablesarecollectedduringtheyear,approximatedbytakingtotalsalesdividedbyaveragereceivables.Usedincalculatingreceivablecollectionperiod.ReceivablesMonetaryclaimsagainstabusinessoranindividual,acquiredmainlybysellinggoodsorservicesandbylendingmoney.RemittanceadviceAnop