虚拟语气的用法分类

虚拟语气虚拟语气是一项语法难点，为了便于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块：名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形II.非真实条件从句中的虚拟语气种类三种基本态倒装虚拟句混时虚拟句含蓄虚拟句跳层虚拟句III.其它情形中的虚拟语气（wish/wouldrather/it^shightime…/ifonly…/asif…）I、名词从句虚拟语气（1）ask,advise,beg,command,demand,decide,desire,insist,order,prefer,propose,require,recommend,request,suggest,urge等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用（should）+动词原形，eg.Isuggest/suggestedthatwe（should）gotomorrow.名词从句虚拟语气例如：Mr.Johnsoninsistedthattheproblemworthyofattention（讨论）atthemeeting,（discuss）（10湖北76）答案：（should）bediscussed（2）Itis+（形容词/过去分词/特定名词）+that的从句中，形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。形容词：astonishing,amazing,advisable,appropriate,crucial,desirable,essential,important,imperative,keen,necessary,natural,normal,odd,proper,preferable,strange,sorry,shocked,surprising,urgent,unusual,vital等。名词从句虚拟语气例如：一Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathetoMiamibuttoNewYork?—Iagree,buttheproblemishehasrefusedto,（2005江苏）A.willnotbesent;that□B.notbesent;thatDC.shouldnotbesent;what口D.shouldnotsend;what（3）过去分词：decided,desired,demanded,ordered,requested,recommended,suggested等;名词：advice,decision,desire,demand,suggestion,motion,pray,resolution,wish,preference,proposal,recommendation,requirement,idea,order等II.非真实条件句中的虚拟语气1.三种基本形态（II.非真实条件句中的虚拟语气1.三种基本形态（1）（非真实条件句）表虚拟的时间现在：过去：将来：Ifhe A.followedif从句谓语形式did/werehaddone/hadbeenwereto/should+do主句谓语形式would（should,might,could）+dowould（should/might/could）+havedone（been）would（should,might,could）+domyadvice,hewouldn'thavelosthisjob,（10湖南29）B.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollowmeaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim,（10天津15）D.hadtoldJohnwenttothehospitalalone.IfheA.shouldtellB.tells C.told--Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.（10北京34）--Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables_.A.wouldn'tdie B.didn'tdieC.hadn'tdied D.wouldn'thavediedThisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifitbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.（09天津15）A.would B.should C.could D.might三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出）与现在事实相反：ifIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyabook.与过去事实相反：ifIhadhadenoughmoney,Iwouldhaveboughtabook.与将来事实相反：ifIweretohaveenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyabook.Ifishouldhaveenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyabook.倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去迅有三种倒装形式）HadIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldhaveboughtabook.WereItohaveenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyabook.ShouldIhaveenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyabook.例如：HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy.（10浙江10）A.wouldhavebeensaved B.hadbeensaved C.willbesaved D.wassavedFired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.□（06湖北31）A.Wouldyoube B.Shouldyoube□ C.Couldyoube D.Mightyoube混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语）（对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟）IfIhadstudiedEnglishatschool,IcouldreadtheEnglishnovelnow.（对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟）Ifshewerenotsocareless,shewouldn’thavemadesuchamistake.例如： Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.（2011•福建卷）34. 1it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.A.attended B.hadattended C.wouldattend D.wouldhaveattendedBobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe（10安徽26）A.wasbusy B.isbusy C.hadbeenbusy. D.willbebusyHedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthatheitdifferently.（09江苏28）A.couldexpressB.wouldexpress C.couldhaveexpressedD.musthaveexpressed--Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.（10北京34）--Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables_.A.wouldn'tdieB.didn'tdie C.hadn'tdied D.wouldn'thavedied含蓄虚拟句WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?Butfortheirhelp,Iwouldnothavefinishedthetask.Butthatthedoctorarrivedontimethatday,theywouldhavebeendead.Givenmoretime,Iwouldhavebeenabletofinishthetest.例如：Ithroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp. （2011•陕西）22A.couldn’thavegone B.didn’tgo C.wouldn’tgo D.hadn’tgoneWhatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience,hebetter.（08江西26）A.needhavedone B.musthavedone C.canhavedone D.mighthavedone—I’msorry.Iatyoutheotherday.□（OS江苏35）—Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.□A.shouldn’tshout口 B.shouldn’thaveshouted口C.mustn’tshout口 D.mustn’thaveshouted跳层虚拟句（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气；but前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟）Hewouldputonweight,buthedoesn’teatmuch.（与现在事实相反）Hewouldhaveputonweight,buthedidn’teatmuch.（与过去事实相反）（or,orelse,otherwise）IforgetwhereIreadthearticle,orIwouldshowittoyounow.现在事实相反）Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.（与过去事实相反）例如：Bobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe.（2010安徽卷26）A.wasbusy B.isbusy C.hadbeenbusy D.willbebusyIftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butitallday.（2008全国II）A.rained B.rains C.hasrained D.israiningTheytwofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.（07山东32）口A.hadgot B.got口 C.havegotD.getfired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.□（06湖北31）A.Wouldyoube B.Shouldyoube□C.CouldyoubeD.MightyoubeIII、其它虚拟语气（wish,asif,ifonly,wouldrather,it’s（high）time…）wish...IwishIknewtheanswer.（与现在事实相反）IwishIhadknowntheanswer.（与过去事实相反）Iwishyouwouldshutup.（与将来事实相反）例如：一Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.（2011-北京28）一Iwishtheyalwayslate.A.weren’t B.hadn’tbeen C.wouldn’tbe D.wouldn’thavebeenifonly/asif…IfonlyIweretaller.（与现在事实相反）Ifonlyhehadfollowedyouradvice!（与过去事实相反）Ifonlytherainwouldstop.（与将来事实相反）Itis（high/about）time...Itistimeyouthoughtaboutyourfuture.例如：Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifityesterday.（06全国131）A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappened D.happenedwouldrather…Iwouldratheryoudidn’tspeakrudelytoher.（与现在事实相反）I’dratheryouhadn’tspokenrudelytoher.（与过去事实相反）例如：Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhemoreonitsculture.（10江苏34）A.focus B.focused C.wouldfocusD.hadfocused虚拟语气考题总结：答案的特征（should）+动词原形（一般式/被动式/否定式）记住信号词（名词，动词，形容词，分词等）.一般过去时：wish/ifonly…/wouldrather/ItIstime（high/about）that….基本形式（主要考与过去和将来相反的虚拟语气），特别注意时间状语（混合时间虚拟）倒装的两个时间：与过去，与将来相反；三个形式（had/were/should）提前大写，if省去；but/or/orelse/otherwise（跳层虚拟语气）

情态动词和虚拟语气2011年高考题Ifyougo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover,（2011•辽宁21）A.can B.may C.must D.will—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.（2011•北京28）—Iwishtheyalwayslate.A.weren’t B.hadn’tbeen C.wouldn’tbe D.wouldn’thavebeen—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?（201L北京）24.—Don’tworry.Hcome.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.A.mustnot B.neednot C.wouldnot D.mightnotItbethepostmanatthedoor,Ifsonlysiso’clock.（2011•江西）23.A.mustn’t B.can’t C.won’t D.neddn’tThepolicestillhaveIfoundthelostchild,butthey’redoingaboutthey.（201L四川）20.D.shouldD.mayD.shallD.shouldD.mayD.shall（2011陕西）22Ifyousmoke,pleasegooutside.（201L全国II）8.A.can B.should C.must—Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?（201L陕西）24.--OK.Youhaveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.A.might B.must C.could8.Ithroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgo C.wouldn’tgo D.hadn’tgoneNoonebecomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.（201L湖南）28. Oh,youarereallyhisbigfan.A.can B.need C.must D.mightShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?（2011.福建）25. 1amafraidyou,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.A.will B.must C.may D.can---1leftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.（2011•江苏）34.---Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someoneit.A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolenTheyhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed. （201L全国新课标）32A.will B.can C.must D.should—How'syournewbabysitter?（201L浙江卷）11.—Weaskforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch.A.should B.might C.mustn't D.couldn't Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?（201L重庆卷）25. Iwantto,butmymomsimplynotletmeoutsolateatnight.A.could B.might C.would D.should Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.（201L福建卷）34. 1it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.A.attended B.hadattended C.wouldattend D.wouldhaveattended2010年高考题荟萃---Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn'tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.（10上海29）---Oh,youhavedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A.must B.mustn't C.should D.shouldn'tBobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe（10安徽26）A.wasbusyB.isbusy C.hadbeenbusy.D.willbebusyIfhemyadvice,hewouldn'thavelosthisjob,（10湖南29）A.followed B.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollowJohnwenttothehospitalalone.Ifhemeaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim,（10天津15）A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtoldGeorgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’drathhemoreonitsculture.（10江苏34）A.focusB.focused C.wouldfocusD.hadfocusedIfwetheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.（10陕西15）A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetakenMr.Johnsoninsistedthattheproblemworthyofattention（讨论）atthemeeting.（discuss）（10湖北76）Key:（should）bediscussed--Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.（10北京34）--Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables_.A.wouldn'tdie B.didn'tdieC.hadn'tdied D.wouldn'thavediedHadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy.（10浙江10）A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesaved D.wassaved2009年高考题（09安徽29）Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy；theyustbequietpeople.A.must B.may C.should D.would（09北京25）OneofthefewthingsyousayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.A.need B.must C.should D.can答案B（09福建35）ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwin B.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon（09湖南30）—It’stheoffice!Soyouknoweatingisnotallowedhere.—Oh,sorry.A.must B.will C.may D.need（09海南25）Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?TherebetwelveA.should B.would C.will D.shall（09上海27）IthavebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.A.may B.can C.must D.should（09四川13）—Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink. —Well,youA.could B.would C.should D.might（09天津15）Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifitbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.would B.should C.could D.might（09重庆32）—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?—Sheintheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.A.shallbe B.shouldhavebeenC.mustbe D.mighthavebeen（09全国1120）Ican’tleave.ShetoldmethatIstayhereuntilshecomesback.A.can B.must C.will D.may（09江苏28）Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthatheitdifferently.D.musthaveexpressedA.couldexpressB.wouldexpressC.couldhaveexpressedD.musthaveexpressed2008年高考题（08全国1117）Lizawellnotwanttogoonthetrip—shehatestraveling.A.will B.can C.must D.may（08北京21）Johnpromisedhisdoctorhenotsmoke,andhehasneversmokedeversince.A.might B.shouldC.couldD.would3.（08天津6）She haveleftschool,forherbikeisstillhere.Acan’t B.wouldn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t4.（08江西26）Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience,hebetter.A.needhavedone B.musthavedoneC.canhavedoneD.mighthavedone5.（08湖南28）Youdon’thavetoknowthenameoftheauthortofindabook.Youfindthebookbythetitle.A.must B.need C.can D.would（08陕西9）—Whatsortofhousedoyouwanttohave?Somethingbig?—Well,ibebig—thafsnotimportant.A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.won’t（08四川10）Althoughthissoundlikeasimpletask,greatcareisneeded.A.must B.may C.shall D.should（08重庆30）—Ican’tfindmypurseanywhere.—You havelostitwhileshopping.A.may B.can C.should D.would（08浙江11）Youbehungryalready—youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!A.wouldn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t（08福建24）ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butitberathercoldsometimes.A.must B.can C.should D.would（08辽宁22）Peterbereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhe’sanicepersoningeneral.A.shall B.should C.can D.must（08江苏35）—I’msorry.Iatyoutheotherday.—Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn’tshout B.shouldn9thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshoutD.mustn’thaveshouted（08山东24）Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkweitwithoutyou.A.canmanage B.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanage D.canhavemanaged2004-07年高考题A组1.（07全国I27）—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?—Itbe,butitisnowheavilypolluted.A.will B.wouldC.shouldD.must2.（07北京26）Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,you takecareofyourluggage.A.can B.mayC.mustD.will3.（07上海29）一Guesswhat?IhavegotAformytermpaper.—Great!Ybureadwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.A.must B.shouldC.musthaveD.shouldhave4.（07安徽23）TheteacherhavethoughtJohnsonwasworthitorshewouldn’thavewastedtimeonhim,Isuppose.A.should B.can C.would D.must（07江西27）—Whereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereyesterday.—Youitinthewrongplace.A.mustput B.shouldhaveput C.mightput D.mighthaveput（06全国I24）There’snolighton—theybeathome.Acan’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t（06全国I31）Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit yesterday.A.washappening B.happens C.hashappened D.happened（06全国1110）Wehopethatasmanypeopleaspossible joinusforthepicnictomorrow.A.need B.must C.should D.can（06北京25）—Whafsthename?—Khulaifi.Ispellthatforyou?A.Shall B.Would C.Can D.Might（06天津11）We haveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehavedonethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears.A.needn’t B.maynot C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t（06浙江19）—CouldIhaveawordwithyou,mum?—Ohdear,ifyou.A.can B.must C.may D.should（06福建27）Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.mightnot（06湖南32）Someaspectsofapilofsjobbeboring,andpilotsoftenworkatinconvenienthours.A.can;haveto B.may;can C.haveto;may D.oughtto;must（05全国I26）Tom,you leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!A.wouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.maynot（05全国III19）John,lookatthetime. youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?A.Must B.Can C.May D.Need（05北京26）Hehavecompletedhiswork；otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.should B.must C.wouldn’t D.can’t（05上海27）Therebeanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepractisedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustn’t B.shan’t 《.shouldn’t D.needn’t（05天津14）I havebeenmorethansixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.A.shouldn’t B.couldn7t C.mustn’tD.needn’t（05辽宁26）Thiscakeisverysweet.Youalotofsugarinit.A.shouldput B.couldhaveput C.mightput D.musthaveput（05浙江9）TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseitbeveryslow.A.should B.must C.will D.can（05福建31）—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.—hanks.You it.Icouldmanageitmyself.A.needn’tdo B.needn’thavedoneC.mustn’tdoD.shouldn’thavedone（05湖南24）—Lucydoesn’tmindlendingyouherdictionary.—She.Ihavealreadyborrowedone.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t（05湖北32）—DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.—Well,he havegonefar—hiscoafsstillhere.A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.wouldn’t（04福建32）—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.一You herlastweek.A.oughttotell B.wouldhavetold C.musttell D.shouldhavetold（04湖北26）—Excuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummerPalace?—Sorry,Iamnotsure.Butit be.口A.might B.will C.must D.canB组（07湖南24）Thebiggestproblemformostplants,which_justgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.口A.shan’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t（07陕西14）Itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel,butperhapsIhavedrivenherthere.口A.could B.must C.might D.should（07四川24）—Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?口一“Nopersonsmokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea.''口A.will B.may C.shall D.must（07重庆29）—Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?口—Youdoanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.口Adon'thavetoB.oughtn'tto口C.mustn'tD.can't5.（07浙江15）—Mycat'sreallyfat.□—You havegivenhersomuchfood.□A.wouldn'tB.couldn't口C.shouldn'tD.mustn't6.（07福建25）MyMP4playerisn'tinmybag.Where Ihaveputit?□A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would（07江苏22）—helooksveryhappy.Shehavepassedtheexam.□—Iguessso・It'snotdifficultafterall.口A.should B.could口 C.must D.might（07山东32）TheytwofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.口A.hadgot B.got口 C.havegot D.get（06湖北31）Fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.口A.Wouldyoube B.Shouldyoube口 C.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube（06山东30）—MayIsmokehere?□—Ifyou ,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.□A.should B.could口 C.may D.must（06江西24）Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.Ithetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.□A.shouldhavetaken□B.couldhavetaken□C.needn’thavetaken口D.mustn’thavetaken（06江苏21）—IthinkI’llgiveBobaring.口—You.Youhaven’tbeenintouchwithhimforages.口A.will B.may C.haveto D.should（06广东22）—Musthecometosignthispaperhimself?□—Yfes,he.□A.need B.must口 C.may D.will（06四川32）一IsJackondutytoday?□一It behim.Ifshisturntomorrow.□A.mustn’t B.won’t C.can’t D.needn’t（06陕西19）Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you havecomethismorning.□A.mayn’t B.can’t C.mustn’tD.needn’t（05湖北33）IfI plantodoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.A.would B.could C.hadto D.oughtto（05重庆33）Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They atleast150kilometersanhour.A.shouldhavebeendoing□B.musthavebeendoing□C.couldhavedone口D.wouldh