汉译英常用技巧

对等是翻译的最咼境界，但完全的对等几乎是不可能的。所以，可以采取大致对等的手法（所谓大致对等，是指比喻的方式基本一致，但意象，也就是比喻所用的image发生了改变）：e.g.1.扪心自问，他不得不承认自己错了。Bysearchinghisheart,hecouldnotbutadmitthathewasinthewrong.你真是福星高照。Youhavealuckystaraboveyou.我们必须全力以赴，拿下这场比赛。Wemustgoallouttowinthisgame.你真不该插手他们的事情。Youreallyshouldn'thavepokedyournoseintotheirbusiness.那种情形之下，他除了忍气吞声又能怎样呢？Asthingsstood,whatcouldhedobutswallowtheinsult?他们个个摩拳擦掌，士气高涨，准备再打一个漂亮仗。Beinginhighmorale,everyoneofthemrolleduptheirsleeves,eagertowinanotherbrilliantvictory.为了救他的母亲，他赴汤蹈火。Hewentthroughfireandfloodtosavehismother.在纽约市寻找一个失落的小孩，那简直是大海捞针。LookingforamissingchildinNewYorkCity.That'slikelookingforaneedleinahaystack.对问题视而不见并不能解决问题。Turningablindeyetoaproblemwon'tsolvetheproblem.为了迷人眼目，他们把自己打扮成革命者。Tothrowdustintotheeyeofthepublic,theydeckedthemselvesoutasrevolutionaries.有时候老虎走近些，但对驴子还是敬而远之。Sometimesthetigerventurednearer,butstillkeptarespectabledistancefromthedonkey.Exercise:哀公问于孔子曰，寡人闻之，东益宅不祥，信有之乎？孔子曰，不祥有五，而东益不与焉。夫损人益己，身之不祥也；弃老取幼，家之不祥也；择贤用不肖，国之不祥也；老者不教，幼者不学，俗之不祥也；圣人伏匿，天下之不祥也。兆:presage;omen损人益己:toharmotherstobenefitoneself贤:solon/sagaciousperson不肖:unworthy俗:custom圣人:sage/saint伏匿/1匿伏:tostayinconcealment子路问于孔子曰，治国如何？孔子曰，在于尊贤而贱不肖。子路曰，范中行氏尊贤而贱不肖，其亡何也？曰，范中行氏尊贤而不能用也，贱不肖而不能去也。贤者知其不己用而怨之，不肖者知其贱己而雠之。怨雠并前，中行氏虽欲无亡，得乎？1.“Ihearthatitisanevilomen/treacherouspresagetohavethehousefacingeast.ShallIbelieveit?”askedAigongofConfucius.“Therearefiveevilomens,butnonehasanythingtodowithhavingone'shousefacingtheeast,”cameConfuciusreply.“First,itwouldpresagephysicalharmtoharmotherstobenefitoneself.Second,pamperingtheyoungwhileneglectingtheold,thiswouldbeanevilomenforthefamily.Third,itwouldbeakingdom'sbadomentoexploittheunworthywhenchoosingtalentsforgovernment.Theolddonotadvisewhiletheyoungrefusetolearn,thisisthefourthevilpresage,whichisbadforthecustoms.Andwhensagesandsaintschoosetostayinconcealment,itwouldbeanevilomenforthewholeworld.”ThenConfuciusadded,“First,personallyspeaking,itwouldincurphysicaldamagetobenefitoneselffromharmingothers.Second,speakingofthefamily,itwouldbeanevilomentopampertheyoungwhileneglectingtheold.Third,whenastateorkingdomisconcerned,itislikelytobeawickedpresagetoselect/choosetheunworthyforgovernment/togovern.Fourth,asforthecustoms,itwouldsignifyanevilomeniftheolddonotadvise/instructandtheyoungrefusetolearn.Finally,asfarastheworldisconcerned,ifsagesandsaintsallchoosetostayinconcealment,thatcouldserveasadisastrousomenforthewholeworld.2.Zilu,oneofConfucius'favoritedisciples,onceaskedConfucius,“Whatisthebestwaytogovernastate/kingdom?”Confuciusrepliedthatthekeypolicyistoshowrespectofsages/sagaciouspersonsanddespiseoftheunworthy.TothisZilufurtherasked,“InFanZhongxing'skingdom,thesages/sagaciouswererespectedandtheunworthydespised.Whydiditperishafterall?”Confuciussaid,“Fanrespectedthesagaciousbutfailedtoputtousetheirtalents/wisdomsandadvice.Hedespisedtheunworthybutwasunabletogetridofthem/disposeofthem.Therefore,/Asaresult,thesagaciouscomplainedto/weredissatisfiedwithhimforputtingtheirwisdomandtalentstowastewhiletheunworthyhatedhimbecauseofbeingdespised/humbled/humiliated.Neitherw