高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中推理判断-观点态度题考查解读

2020届二轮复习阅读理解中推理判断—观点态度题考查解读【题型解读】所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有：1．What’sthewriter’sattitudetowards...?2．Whatistheauthor’sopinionon...?3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout...?二、解题技巧——“忠于措辞”定选项1．文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。(4)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。2．要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定的词语favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive支持的；approval赞成，正式批准；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic热情的等。(2)表示反对或否定的词语critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapproval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。【课堂练习】ACarrieGracieisknowledgeableaboutChinaanditsaffairs.Shealsohasa1reputationasagenerouscolleague.ShehasresignedfromherjobasChinaeditorbecauseheremployerswillnotpayheratthesamerateastheypaythehandfulofmenwhodoasimilarlychallengingandimportantjob.Shehasresignedbecausesherefusedtogooncolluding(共谋)withtheBBC’sdishonestyaboutitsfailuretogivewomenandmenequalpayforequalwork.Graciewasrecruitedtothejob，becauseshehadallthetalentandskillstheBBCneededto10coverthedifficultinternationalanddomesticstoryoftheriseofChina.OneoftheconditionsshesetfortakingitwasequalpaywiththeBBC’sotherinternationaleditors，familiarnamesincludingJonSopelinWashingtonandJeremyBowenintheMiddleEast.Lastsummer，thegovernmentforcedtheBBCtopublishwhichofthefamiliarnamesonradioandTVearnedover￡150,000.Theresultsexposedanastonishingpaygap.TheyalsoshowedGraciethatheremployershadmisledher.Graciesetsoutallhereffortstogetherbossestodowhattheyhad8originallypromisedher，buttheyfailtorespondadequately.Instead，theyprevaricate(搪塞)andofferherapayrisethatstillwouldnothavedeliveredequality.Theythoughttheycouldbuyheroff.Theythoughtthatthereputationalhazardshewasrunningwouldscareherawayfromthefight.TheBBCiswrongthistime!GraciehaschosentodesignratherthangiveinbecauseshethinksthatitisherresponsibilitytostoptheBBCdoingsomethingstupid.Sheisfightingforwomen’slegalrights.Graciesaidshehopedshewouldn’tberememberedasthewomanwhocomplainedaboutmoney，butasagreatjournalist.Sheisprovingthattheyaretwosidesofthesameinvaluablecoin.CarrieGracie’s9disputewiththeBBCisn’taboutmoney—it’saboutdignity!语篇解读文章讲述了原BBC编辑嘉莉•格雷西因为同工不同酬而辞职，并为争取平等权利而斗争。1．WhatdoyouknowaboutCarrieGracie?A．Sheisverystrictwithherofficecolleagues.B．ShehasagoodcommandofChina’saffairs.C．ShewasworkingtogetherwithJonSopel.D．Shehasareputationofcoveringsportsnews.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“CarrieGracieisknowledgeableaboutChinaanditsaffairs.”可知，嘉莉•格雷西对中国和中国的事务了如指掌。故选B。2．WhatdoesCarrieGraciedemandoftheBBC?A．Equalpayforequalwork.B．Betterpayformorework.C．Apologyformisconducts.D．Responsetohercomplaint.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“OneoftheconditionsshesetfortakingitwasequalpaywiththeBBC’sotherinternationaleditors”可知，她要求同工同酬，故选A。3．WecaninferfromthepassagethattheBBC

.A．didn’tpromiseGracieequalpaywithhermalecolleaguesB．dismissedCarrieGracieduetoherdemandforhigherpayC．wasforcedtopayGracieequalpayfordoingtheequalworkD．keptthepayofitsfamiliarnamessecretbeforelastsummer答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Lastsummer，thegovernmentforcedtheBBCtopublishwhichofthefamiliarnamesonradioandTVearnedover￡150,000.”可知，直到去年夏天BBC才公开了这些人的薪酬，由此可知之前BBC一直对此保守秘密，故选D。4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheBBC?A．Positive.

B．2Vague.C．3Critical.

D．Cautious.答案C解析观点态度题。通过文章中作者对BBC隐瞒薪酬差距的描述可知，作者对BBC是持批评态度的，故选C。BAnewstudyof8,000youngpeopleintheJournalofHealthandSocialBehaviorshowsthatalthoughlovecanmakeadultslivehealthilyandhappily，itisabadthingforyoungpeople.Puppylove(早恋)maybringstressforyoungpeopleandcanleadto4depression.Thestudyshowsthatgirlsbecomemoredepressedthanboys，andyoungergirlsaretheworstofall.Thepossiblereasonfortheconnectionbetweenloveandhigherriskofdepressionforgirlsis“lossofself”．Accordingtothestudy，eventhoughboyswouldsay“losethemselvesinaromanticrelationship”，this“lossofself”ismuchmorelikelytoleadtodepressionwhenithappenstogirls.Younggirlswhohaveromanticrelationshipsusuallylikehidingtheirfeelingsandopinions.Theywon’ttellthattotheirparents.Dr.MarianmKaufman，anexpertonyoungpeopleproblems，says15%to20%youngpeoplewillhavedepressionduringtheirgrowing.Tryingromanceoftencausesthedepression.Sheadviseskidsnottojumpinto5romancetooearly.Duringgrowingup，itisimportantforyoungpeopletobuildstrongfriendshipsandastrongsenseofself.Shealsosuggeststheparentsshouldencouragetheirkidstokeepclosetotheirfriends，attendmoreinterestingschoolactivitiesandspendenoughtimewithfamily.Parentsshouldwatchforsignsofdepression—eatingormoodchanges—andiftheyseesignsfromtheirdaughtersorsons，theyneedtogivehelp.Thegoodnewsisthattheconnectionbetweenromanceanddepressionseemstobecomeweakwithage.Lovewillalwaysmakeusfeelyoung，butonly6maturitygivesusachancetoavoiditsbadsideeffects.语篇解读一项研究显示，尽管恋爱能让成年人健康、幸福，但是早恋对青少年的伤害是极大的。早恋会给青少年带来压力，并最终导致抑郁。5．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Romanceisatwo-edgedswordforadults.B．Parentsshouldforbidtheirchildren’slove.C．Romanceisgoodforyoungpeople.D．Puppylovemaybringyoungpeopledepression.答案D解析主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中的主旨句“Puppylove(早恋)maybringstressforyoungpeopleandcanleadtodepression.”可知，文章主要讲述了早恋可能导致青少年抑郁。故选D。6．Whichofthefollowingismorelikelytohavedepression?A．Carelessparentswhosechildrenaredeepinlove.B．Youngpeoplewhohaveastrongsenseofselfishness.C．Younggirlswhoalwayshidetheirfeelingsandopinions.D．Youngboyswhoseparentswatchfortheirbehavior.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段末句和第二段最后三句可知，喜欢隐藏自己的感情和观点的年轻女孩更易得抑郁症。故选C。7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Theolderawomanis，thelesslikelysheseemstoloseherselfinromance.B．Lackinglovecanleadyoungpeopletogrowupmorequickly.C．Earlylovemakesyoungpeoplekeepclosetotheirfriendsandparents.D．Parentsshouldhelptheirchildrentobeawareofsignsofdepression.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...theconnectionbetweenromanceanddepressionseemstobecomeweakwithage.Lovewillalwaysmakeusfeelyoung，butonlymaturitygivesusachancetoavoiditsbadsideeffects.”可知，随着年龄的增长，恋爱和抑郁之间的联系会逐渐减弱，年龄越大，越不容易因恋爱而变得抑郁。故选A。8．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardspuppylove?A．Confused.

B．Disapproving.C．7Neutral.

D．Scared.答案B解析观点态度题。根据第一段中的“itisabadthingforyoungpeople.Puppylove(早恋)maybringstressforyoungpeopleandcanleadtodepression.”和第三段中的“Tryingromanceoftencausesthedepression.Sheadviseskidsnottojumpintoromancetooearly.”可知，早恋对青少年的伤害很大，作者不赞成早恋。故选B。【提炼拓展】Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1．Themanfromamountainvillageishonest，whichhasearnedhimagoodreputationnearby.名声，名誉2．Juliawasvagueaboutwhereshehadbeenandwhatshehadbeendoing，whichmadeusconfused.模糊的3．Hewasamusiccritic.WhatIdiscoveredwashiscriticalwritings.批判性的4．Heisinastateofdeepdepressiononaccountofhisfailuretopasstheexamination.抑郁5．Loveiswhenyoutakeawaythefeeling，thepassion，andtheromanceinarelationshipandfindoutthatyoustillcareforthatperson.浪漫6．Asanadult，youshouldshowsomematurityandbeconsiderateofothergymmembers.成熟7．Powerisnotreallygoodorbad；itisneutral.中立的(二)同义词语替换8．Originally，wehadplannedatourofScotlandbutwedidn’tgointheend.Atfirst/Inthebeginning9．Ididn’tagreewiththeamountofmoneyhegaveme，sowehadadisputeabouthowmuchmoneyheowedme.anargument(三)一词多义10．covervt.包括；采访，报道；涉及；行走(一段路程)；足以支付；覆盖；n.封面，封皮；盖子(1)Hisfingerwentuptotouchtheblackpatchwhichcoveredhislefteye.覆盖(2)Itwouldnotbeeasytocovertenmilesonthatamountofpetrol.行走(一段路程)(3)Sendittotheaddressgivenwith

2.50tocoverpostageandadministration.足以支付(4)IhadjustreturnedfromcoveringtheCambodianwar.采访，报道(5)Theleathercoverofthenewdictionarywasembellishedwithgoldletters.封面，封皮Ⅱ.长难句理解1．ShehasresignedfromherjobasChinaeditorbecauseheremployerswillnotpayheratthesamerateastheypaythehandfulofmenwhodoasimilarlychallengingandimportantjob.[句式分析]本句话主干部分为主谓宾结构，because引导的是原因状语从句；astheypaythe...为as引导的方式状语从句；whodoasimilarly...为who引导的定语从句。[精美译文]她辞去了中国区编辑的职务，因为她的雇主没有付给她同那些和她做相似挑战性和重要性工作的男性同等的薪酬。2．Anewstudyof8,000youngpeopleintheJournalofHealthandSocialBehaviorshowsthatalthoughlovecanmakeadultslivehealthilyandhappily，itisabadthingforyoungpeople.[句式分析]本句话主干是主谓宾结构，可以简化为Anewstudyshowsthat...。thatalthoughlovecanmakeadultslivehealthilyandhappily，itisabadthingforyoungpeople是宾语从句，里面含有的although引导的让步状语从句。[精美译文]在《健康和社会行为》杂志中，一项对8000名年轻人的研究表明恋爱虽然能使成年人健康快乐地生活，但是对青少年是有害的。强化训练Ⅰ.阅读理解AEmmaWatsonenteredourlivesastheperfectHermioneGrangerin2001，and18yearslater，we’rejustasmuchinlovewiththischarming，intelligentBritishgirl，asever.YoumayormaynotbeaPotterhead，butalotofpeoplearecharmedbyEmmaWatson’sperfection.Despitebeingastarperformerattheyoungageof11，she’snevergonetheHollywoodspoiledchildroute.Infact，shemadeallattemptstostayasnormalaspossible.Shesaid，“Ignoringfamewasmyrebellion，inafunnyway.Iwasinsistentonbeingnormalanddoingnormalthings.Itprobablywasn’tadvisabletogotocollegeinAmericaandroomwithacompletestranger.Anditprobablywasn’twisetoshareabathroomwitheightotherpeopleinadormitory.Lookingback，Ithinkthatwascrazy.”Sheadded，“Iwasverywelleducated.Mydadpaidformetogotoaverygoodschool，soIworkedhardeverysingledayatthatschooltomakehimproudofme.AndIdid，andIstilldo.”IfwehadtoimaginewhatHermioneGrangerwouldhavegrownuptobelike，wewouldsayshe’dbetheEmmaWatsonofthePotteruniversebecausetherereallyisnowaytoseparatethetwo.Inthelastfewyears，Emmahasaddedmorefeatherstohercapthanweimaginedbeinghumanlypossible，whichincludeactor，scholar，modelandUNWomenGoodwillAmbassador.InherroleasaUNWomenGoodwillAmbassador，she’dsupportedpowerfulcausestothebestofherabilityandbroughtthemalltheattentiontheydeserve.EmmaWatsongaveusthemostaccuratedescriptionofourfavoritegirlfromthePotteruniverse.“Younggirlsaretoldyouhavetobeadelicateprincess.Hermionetaughtthemthatyoucanbeawarrior.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了艾玛•沃特森不平凡的人生。1．AfterEmmaWatsonbecameanactress，she.A．followedmostoftheHollywoodchildrouteB．hadapreferenceforanormallifeC．becamerebelliousinafunnywayD．wenttoagoodcollegeinstead答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Despitebeingastarperformerattheyoungageof11，she’snevergonetheHollywoodspoiledchildroute.Infact，shemadeallattemptstostayasnormalaspossible.”可知，尽管年仅11岁就成了明星，艾玛•沃特森并未走上好莱坞被惯坏了的小孩的道路。事实上，她尽一切努力使自己尽可能保持“普通”。故选B。2．Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Emmahasaddedmorefeatherstohercap”inPara.4?A．Emmahasearnedmoretitles.B．Emmawearsacapwithfeathers.C．Emmaisexpertatdesigningcaps.D．Emmahasbeenmoreabsorbedinherjob.答案A解析句意猜测题。根据画线部分下文“...whichincludeactor，scholar，modelandUNWomenGoodwillAmbassador.”可推断，在过去的几年中，艾玛所取得的引以为豪的成就比我们所能想象的还要多，她是演员、学者、模特，还是联合国妇女亲善大使。因此推断作者的意思是说艾玛拥有了更多的头衔。故选A。3．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．EmmaWatson：YouCanBetheBestActressB．EmmaWatson：YouCanBeaWarriorC．TheWaytoBeaDelicatePrincessD．TheWaytoBeaGoodPerformer答案B解析标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了英国演员艾玛•沃特森。尽管年仅11岁就成了明星，她并未走上好莱坞被惯坏了的小孩的道路，她非常努力，在过去的几年中，艾玛所取得的引以为豪的成就比我们所能想象的还要多，她是演员、学者、模特，还是联合国妇女亲善大使。她的经历告诉年轻女孩：你们也可以成为战士。故B项“艾玛•沃特森：你可以成为战士”为最佳标题。故选B。4．What’stheauthor’sattitudetoEmmaWatson?A．Critical.

B．Objective.C．Cautious.

D．Appreciative.答案D解析观点态度题。根据最后两段内容可知，作者讲述了艾玛取得了引以为傲的成就，并竭尽全力支持那些有影响力的运动，她的经历告诉年轻女孩：你们也可以成为战士。因此推断作者对她是欣赏的。故选D。BNexttimeyougoshopping，keepinmindthattheremaybehiddencamerasanalyzingyourhabits.Accordingtoa2015surveyof150managersfromComputerServicesCorporation，aquarterofBritishshopsusefacialrecognitionsoftwaretocollectdataonshoppers’behavior.Withconcernsthatface­recognitioncameras“arekindofinvasive(冒犯的)”，BritishanalysisfirmHoxtonAnalyticshascomeupwithanewwayofmeasuringfootfall(客流)—byfilmingpeople’sshoes.Thetechnologycancollectalargeamountofpersonalinformation.“Wehavecamerasatabout50cmoffthegroundandtheypointdownsotheyarelessinvasivethanfacialrecognition，”DuncanMann，Hoxton’sofficersaid.Asmoderncitiesgetfuller—70percentofthepopulationwillliveinurbanareasby2050—camerasandothertechnologiesaretakingoverpublicspacesandcollectingourdata.Theirpurposeistokeeppeoplesafe，provideefficientservicesandpreventdisastersandcrimes.Butsomearenothappywiththecamerasasfarastheirprivacy(隐私)isconcerned.“Veryfewofushaveanyrealconceptofwhatdatasmartcitiesaregathering，”saidRenateSamson.Webegingivingawaydataassoonaswewakeup.Whenweenterthetransportsystem，wearegivingawayevenmoredetailsaboutourselvesthroughsmartcards，mobilephonesorcreditcards.NickMillman，directorataconsultingfirmthinksstatisticsarethekeytotheprivacyconcern.HeusedtheexampleofGoogleMaps，whichistomonitortheflowoftrafficinStockholm.Heexplained，“Itisbasicallyaddingprivacycontrolstostatisticssothatyouonlyseethedatayouneedtoknowabout.Inthiscase，Googlegetsenoughdatatoimprovetrafficbutnotsomuchthatitshowsindividualjourneypatterns.”语篇解读本文是关于对泄露个人数据的担忧。5．Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A．Anintroductiontocollectingshoppers’data.B．Theconcernaboutgivingawaypersonaldata.C．Theproblemscausedbyimbala