耳部解剖生理

耳部解剖和生理

EaranatomyandphysiologyGNResoundAsiaTradepromotion&TrainingDept.

EarfunctionA-听觉功能B-平衡功能HearingfunctionBalancefunctionHearingfunctionTheorganofhearing(Zemlin,1988pp.460)PeripheralandCentral

Peripheralear(Engström&Engström,1979)Theexternalear外耳TheAuricle耳廓

功能：收集声音Concha耳甲腔Helix耳轮Anti-helix对耳轮Anti-tragus对耳屏Tragus耳屏TheEarcanal耳道

功能：耳道共振

S型，长2.5~3.5cm，直径0.7cm，铅笔粗细Themiddleear中耳

功能：换能器、放大器（27dB）、保护耳蜗(Engström&Engström,1979)TheEardrum鼓膜

功能：传音、放大(Engström&Engström,1987)TheEardrum鼓膜

宽8mm高9mm厚0.1mmTheossicles听小骨、听骨链

功能：利用杠杆原理将声能转成机械能(Zemlin,1988pp.445)锤骨Malleus砧骨Incus镫骨Stapes人体中最小的骨头Themiddleearmuscles中耳肌

功能：减少大声对内耳的伤害

鼓膜张肌和镫骨肌是人体最小的肌肉(Engström&Engström,1979)TheEustachiantube咽鼓管

功能：维持鼓室内外气压平衡、防止感染(Engström&Engström,1979)

Eustachiantube耳咽管长35~39mm，小儿减半，鼓室口高于咽口20~25mm，小儿较短、管腔较大、近水平The“stiletto”principle(Zemlin,1988pp.457)LeveractionprincipleHearingprocess

Airconduction气导

OutearMiddleear

InnerearNerve

CentrumSound

Skull

Boneconduction骨导Theinnerear内耳Theinnerear内耳

包括：半规管、前庭、耳蜗HistologyclassificationCruscommuneAmpullamembranaceasuperiorUtriculusDucusendolymphaticusSacculusScalatympaniDucuscochlearisScalavestibuliDucuscochlearisHelicotremaFenestracochleaeRoundwindowDucusreuniensFenestravestibuliOvalwindowAmpullamembranaceaposteriorCristaampullaposteriorAmpullamembranacealateralisAmpullamembranaceasuperriorAmpullamembranacealateralisTheinnerear内耳(Engström&Engström,1976)(Engström&Engström,1979)Thecochlea耳蜗Theuncoiledcochlea(Zemlin,1988pp.465)TheuncoiledcochleaCrosssectionofcochleaCrosssectionofcochleaCrosssectionofthechanneCrosssectionoftheorganofCortiInneruandouterhaircellsInnerHairCellStereocilia

3500个内毛细胞OuterHairCellStereocilia

12000个外毛细胞FunctionofCochlea耳蜗的功能

将机械性声音信号转换成生物电信号FunctionofCochlea耳蜗的功能CrosssectionoftheorganofCortiOutHairCellOutHairCellOutHairCellElectricityIoniccurrentflowsInnerHairCellCochléaDynamicsetanatomie3000HzToneApexBase

ApexBase300HzToneAuditorycentralnervoussystemHearingprocess大脑颞叶大脑颞叶外侧丘系外侧丘系上橄榄体上橄榄体耳蜗核耳蜗核耳蜗毛细胞耳蜗毛细胞左右内侧膝状体内侧膝状体BraincortexCochlearHaircell1、听觉功能2、平衡功能

由前庭系和人的视觉及本体感觉系统共同完成的。

例如：前庭功能稍弱时，就将导致晕车！声波1.声波震动鼓膜