2023年学位英语真题

2023．０５．09学位英语真题ＰartＩＲeadｉngｃomprｅｈｅnsionＰassagｅ1MaｇgieWalkerwasbｏrnin19７６inRichmond,Ｖirginiａ.Hermotherｗasoncｅaslaveinａrｉchｗoman’shｏuｓe.ＷhｅｎMａｇgｉewasｖeryyouｎｇ,atｈiｅｆkillｅdherfatheｒ.Herfamｉlywaｓimｐoveriｓｈed,ｓoＭaggies’ｍoｔherｓtarteｄdoinglａｕndrｙiｎherhome.Mａggｉeｈａdtohelｐhｅr.Shｅｗasｈedclothｅsｅveryｄay,bｕｔshecoｎtinuedｔogotosｃｈｏol.AftｅrMaｇgieｇraduateｄfｒomhiｇｈscｈoｏｌ,shｅgoｔahｏbasatｅacher.In１８86,sheｍarｒieｄArmistｅａdWａlker.ＴheyhadtwoｓonsanｄMaggiｅstayeｄhomｅtｏcarefortｈem.ＳhealsoｖoｌunｔeeredtohelpａsociaｌorganizaｔioncａlledtheOrderofSt.Luｋe.ＴhiｓorgaｎiｚａtｉonhｅlpeｄAfriｃanAmｅricansｔａkecａrｅoftｈeｓiｃkａndburｙthedeａd.MaggieWaｌkｅrlovedtｈeworkoｆtheoｒgaｎization.TheｏｒgａnｉzatioｎbelieveｄｔｈaｔAfｒicanAmericａnsshouldtaｋecaｒｅofｅachｏthｅｒ.Oｖeｒtheｙｅars,MagｇiｅWalkerhaｄｍoｒeandｍｏrereｓpｏｎsibｉliｔｉeｓwiththeorｇanization.Ｉn18９5,shesuggestedthatSｔ.Lｕkeｂegiｎaprogrａｍforｙoungpeoｐle.(76)Ｔhisprｏgrambecａmevｅrypopｕlarwｉthｓcｈooｌchｉｌｄren．In1899，ＷalｋｅrbecamｅGraｎdSecｒｅtaryTreasurｅofthｅSt．Lｕkｅｏrgａniｚatioｎ.Howｅvｅr,becａｕsｅshewａsａwomａn,ｓｈeｒeceiveｄlessthanｈalｆtheｓalaｒyｏｆthemanｗｈｏhadthejobbeforeheｒ.ThｅOrdeｒoｆSt．LuｋehadaｌotofｆinａncialｄiffｉcｕltieswｈenWaｌkeｒｔoｏｋover.Iｔhａdａlｏtoｆunpａiｄbｉｌｌsａndonly＄3１.6１inthebaｎk.BｕtsooｎＭaｇgieWａlｋｅｒcｈaｎgedalｌofｔhat.(７7)Hｅriｄeａｗastogeｔneｗmemberstoｊｏｉntheorganｉzatｉon.Injusｔａfeｗyeａｒｓ,itgrｅwfrom3,400mｅmｂeｒstｏ50,0００membeｒs.Thｅorganizationｂouｇｈｔａ$100,0０0oｆfｉｃebuilｄingandiｎcｒｅａseditsstaｆftｏ５5.NoｗWalｋeｒwａsrｅadyfoｒhｅrnexｔbigsteｐ.Mａｇgiｅ’sfａtｈｅrdied_＿＿____＿___．A.whensｈｅfinisheｄhiｇｈschｏｏl B.befoｒｅｓｈeｗasbornＣ.whenｓheｗａsｖｅryyounｇ ﻩD.aftｅrｓhegoｔmａrriｅｄWｈｉchｏftheｆｏｌｌｏwinｇisＮOＴTRUE？Maggiｅｈａdtｗｏchiｌdｒｅn.B.Magｇｉewasoｎceａslａvｅ.Ｃ.Mａggiewａsgｏodatｍath.D.Maggieｔａｕghtfoｒａwhilｅ.3.WhｉchofthefolloｗingisTRUE?A.MaggｉelovｅdtohelpotｈｅrAfrｉcanAｍｅricans．B.Maggiewasveryｐopularｗitｈｓｃhｏｏlteachers.C.MaggｉｅwasthefounderofｔhｅＯrｄerofSt．Lｕke.Ｄ.ＭaｇgiewasｂetterｐａｉdｔhａｎmeｎasGrandＳecｒetarｙTreａsｕrer.4.ThewordimｐoｖerishedinＰaragrａpｈ1iscｌｏｓｅsｔinmeaｎingto_＿＿__＿_＿＿＿_.A．diｆficuｌｔB．richＣ.ｆaｍousＤ.poｏr5.AfｔｅrParagraph4,theａuthｏrwｉllprobａblytａｌkaboｕtMagｇie’ｓ＿＿_＿_______.A.educaｔioｎＢ.neｘtprojectＣ.payD．ｃｈildhｏoｄPassage2WｈenBilldeＢlａsioｒaｎｆorNewＹorkCitymayorlastyear,hｅｐrｏmisｅdｔoｅndaｃonｔroverｓｉａl(有争议的）,cityｗidecell-phoneban(禁令)ｉｎpubliｃsｃhoolｓ，ｗｈｉchisnoｔeqｕallｙenｆorｃeｄiｎaｌｌschｏolｓ.Now,ｕnderhisｌeaｄersｈｉp，thecityｉｓpreparingtoeｎdthｅban.Itwｉllbereｐlaｃedbyａpolｉｃyｔhａtａllowｓphonｅsinsｉdeschooｌsbutｔellsstudenｔstokｅepｔｈｅmpａckeｄawａyｄuringcｌass.Manｙschooｌｓhaveａruleaboutenｆoｒcingｔｈeｂanthａtsａys,“Ｉｆweｄon’ｔseeiｔ，ｗedon’tknowaｂｏutit.”TｈａtmeaｎｓteａｃhersarｅOＫｗithｓtｕｄentsｂringｉngｉｎcellｐhｏnｅs,aslｏｎgastheystayoｕｔｏfsigｈｔandinsidebaｇsaｎdpocketｓ.Ｂuｔaｔthｅ88citｙsｃｈｏolsｗitｈｍetａldetectoｒs,ｔｈebaｎhａsbeｅnstrictlyenｆorced.Ｔｈedetectorsｗｅreinｓtalledtoｋeeｐweaponsoutoｆschｏols,butｔhｅscanners(扫描仪)canaｌｓodeteｃtcｅllphoｎes.Sostuｄentsattheseschoｏｌsmustlｅａvethｅiｒphonｅsaｔhomeorpａｙsomeoｎｅｔostｏｒｅitｆｏrｔhem.Thebanwasputinｔoplacein20２3unｄerMayｏrMichaelBloomberｇ.Enｄingｔhebaｎwillａｌsoliｋelyenｄanｉnduｓtryｔｈathasｓpｒｕnｇupnｅaｒｄoｚensoftheｓchoｏｌsthatenfoｒｃeｔｈｅｂan.Wｏrｋｅrsinvaｎs(厢式货车)thａｔreｓembｌefoodtrucｋsｓｔoreｔeｅns’cｅｌｌpｈonｅｓandoｔherｄeｖicesｆoradollaraｄay．(7８)Criｔicｓoｆtｈｅｂａnsaycellｐhoｎesaｒeimpｏrtantｓafetydｅvｉcesforｋｉｄｓｄuringanemergenｃy.Ｔheyaｌsoｓaythａteｎforceｍｅntofｔhｅbａnisunevｅnａnddiscrｉminａtory.Wheｒeｔｈｅｂanisenfｏrcｅd,itpｕtsadｉsaｄvantａgeｏｎstudentswｈocan’ｔaｆfordｔoｐaｙｔoｓｔoretｈeiｒphｏnes.Bｅforeputtｉnganoｆficｉalendｔoｔhecell-phonebaｎ,ｃiｔyｅｄucatioｎoｆfiｃiaｌsarewｏrkinｇoncｒeatiｎganeｗｐolicｙ.(７9)Ｉｔwiｌlinｃludｅrｕlｅｓaｂｏutnotusｉｎgｔｈephｏｎesdｕｒingｃlasｓorｔoｃhｅatｏntesｔｓ.６.Whichoｆtｈefoｌlowiｎｇisｔhemａｉnideaoｆthepassaｇe?A.NewYorkＣitywillgivefinancialaidｔopoorstudentｓ.Ｂ.NｅC.NewYoD.ＮewＹorkCitywilｌsｏonｅndabａｎonceｌlphoｎesinｓcｈooｌｓ.７.Sｔｕdentspay＿___＿__＿_＿_adaytoleaｖethｅｉｒcｅllｐhoｎｅsinavａnparｋedneartheｉrscｈool.A．ａdｏｌlａrB.twoｄollarsC.fiｖedoｌlarｓD.teｎdollarｓ8.Metaldetectorswereｉnstalｌｅdin88cｉtyｓcｈoｏlｓ,mａｉnlytｏkeep__＿_＿＿_＿_＿＿outｏfsｃhoｏls.A.cellｐhoneｓＢ．wｅａponsC.ａlcoｈｏlD.ｄｒugｓ9.TheworddiｓcriｍinatorｙiｎPａragraph5probablｙmeans＿__＿_＿＿_＿_＿.A.ｎeceｓsａryＢ.touｇhＣ.sｔrｉctD．uｎfair10.Acｃoｒdingtｏｔｈｅpaｓsage,ｗhiｃhoftheｆｏlloｗingsｔａtemｅｎtsisTRUE？A.Afｔertheceｌl-phｏnebaniseｎded,ｓｔudeｎtscａnｕsetｈeiｒphonｅsdｕrｉngclａss．B.Thecelｌ-phonｅbaｎiｓｅｑuaｌlｙenfoｒceｄinａｌlpublicｓchｏｏlｓ.C．Thecｅll-phoｎebanwaｓputｉntoplacein20２3underＭayoｒBｉlｌdeBlａsｉo.D.Aphone-ｓtorａgeｉｎdｕstｒyhaｓappｅaredoｕtsidｅthe88ｍetal-detectorcamｐuses.Paｓｓage3Babieswhｏａrebreａｓｔ-fedｍaybｅｍoreliｋelytoｂesｕｃcessfulinｌife,ａnewsｔudｙpublｉshｅｄTｕesdayｓuggｅｓts.Tｈeｓtudｙfollｏｗｅdmorｅthａn3,0０0babｉｅｓintoadulthoodiｎBrazil.Ｔｈeｒｅsearｃhersfouｎdｔｈosewhowｅｒeｂreａst-fｅdscoｒedslighｔlyhｉgｈeriｎiｎtelｌｉgｅｎcetestsintheir30s，stａyedinschoｏllongerandearnedｍoｒemoｎeyｔｈanthｏｓewｈｏｗerｅgivｅnformulａ(配方奶粉).“Ｂreａsｔ-feedingｎotonlyhasshoｒt-teｒmｂenefiｔs,buｔａlsobreast-feedinghasｌong-tｅｒmbenｅfｉts，”saysＢeｒｎａｒdoLessaHortaoｆｔhｅFｅdeｒalUniversiｔｙofPelotａｓｉnBｒazil,whoｌeｄthestｕｄybeｉngpuｂlishediｎｔheLａncｅtGloｂalHealth.(8０)Dｏcｔorｓｈaveｌonｇkｎownｔhａｔbｒｅaｓt－feedingcaｎbeｇoodfoｒａbａby’ｓｈeａlth．Thiｓisespeｃiallytrueinpoｏrcoｕnｔｒies,whｅrewatｅrcanbｅcoｎtamｉnated．Ｆoｒiｎstance,ａｂabygｉvｅnformulaindeveｌoｐｉngcounｔrieｓis１4timesmorelikeｌytoｄieinthｅｆｉrsｔｓixmoｎthｓthanoneｗho’ｓbｒeast-feｄ.ＩnthｅU.S.,somｅｒesearchhａｓｓｕgｇｅstｅdthatbｒeasｔ-feeｄingｍａyrａiseａbａby’sIQｂｙafｅwpｏintｓ.Bｕtareceｎｔstudyｗithsiblｉngs(兄弟姐妹)fouｎdlｉttleadｖantａgｅｔobｒeasｔ-fｅｅdiｎg.Ｈortａsayｓthesｅpreｖiousstｕdｉesdidn’tfｏｌlowchildrｅｎintoadｕlｔhoodtoseeｉｆｂrｅasｔ－fｅediｎｇhaｄlｏng-ｔｅrmeffects．SoHoｒtaａnａlyｚeddatacoｌlectedfrom3,４93ｖｏluｎteerｓｈehadhiscoｌlｅaｇuｅsｈavｅｂeenfollowingsｉnｃebiｒth.Theyarｅnowｉnｔheｉr30s.Ｆｉrｓｔ,therｅseaｒcｈersgａvethesubjｅctsIQｔｅsts.Tｈoseｗhowerｅbｒeast-fedfor12moｎthsoｒmoｒeｈadIQtｅsｔsｃorestｈatweｒe3．７6pｏｉntshigｈerthａｎｔhoseｗhowerebｒｅａsｔ-fedfｏrｌeｓsthaｎoｎｅmonｔh,ｔheｔｅamfound.WｈeｎＨorｔaandｈiscolｌeａgueslｏokedaｔhoｗmucheｄｕｃationｔhesuｂｊectshadgotｔenａndhowmuchｍoneyｔｈｅyweremakｉng，thｅyalｓofouｎｄaclｅardｉfｆerｅｎcｅ:Tｈosewhｏwerebｒeast-fedstaｙeｄlongerinｓｃｈoｏlfoｒaｂoｕｔanｅxtrａｙeａrandhadmonｔhｌysａlarieｓtｈatwereabouｔaｔhiｒｄhigheｒ.11.Ｆｒｏmtｈｅｐaｓsagｅ,welearnthatＨorta_______＿___.A.iｓｆｒomＢｒaｚilB.cｏndｕｃｔshisreｓearchｉntｈeＵ.S.C.ｈａs３0researcｈeｒsonhisteaｍＤ.ｉｓweｌl-kｎownｉｎdevelｏｐｉngcountｒies12.Wｈｉchｏfthefollowｉngaboｕttｈｏseｗhowｅｒｅbｒeast-fedｉsNＯTmｅｎtioｎｅd？A.Theystayｅｄloｎgerinschooｌ．Ｂ．ThｅｙweｒeｈapｐierC.TｈeyweresmａrtｅｒD.Theymademoreｍｏney13.WhichoｆtheｆollowingisTRＵＥ?A.Ｄoctｏrsdｏｎ’tｕnderstａnｄｔｈeｂｅnｅｆitsｏfｂreasｔ-ｆeedｉng．Ｂ.Hortaｉscｏnｃｅrnedwitｈwateｒｃｏntaｍinationｉｎｐｏorcouｎtｒｉes.C．Hoｒtａ’sreseaｒｃｈpｒojectｌasteｄaｂoｕｔ30yeａｒs.D.Breast-feedingisｔheｏnlywaytoimproveababy’ｓhealth.14．ThewordcｏnｔaminateｄｉnＰaｒagrapｈ3ｉscｌosetｉｎmeaningｔｏ＿_＿__＿_____.A.fiｎｉｓhedB.intereｓtedＣ.cleａｒｅｄＤ.pｏlluted１5.Ｗｈichofthefollowingisanaｐpropｒｉaｔeｔitleｆorthｉｓpassａge?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