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[职称英语]知识点讲解大全[职称英语]知识点讲解大全Time\@"yyyy年M月d日"2023年2月1日目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\z\uHYPERLINK二、职称英语考试技巧ﻩPAGEREF_Toc\h5HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"三、阅读练习 PAGEREF_Toc\h68一、职称英语报考指南·报名时间每年11月中下旬(双休日除外),逾期不再补报。·考试时间全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试一般为每年4月的第二个星期日举行·考试级别/合用范围以下是全国职称外语等级考试级别划分及合用范围,请大家根据自己的职称英语规定选择报考。考试等级申报职称职称系列A级B级C级高校教师专家、副专家讲师自然科学研究与社会科学研究研究员、副研究员助理研究员社会科学研究(研究员、副研究员第二外语)卫生技术(医、药、护、技)主任医(药、护、技)师副主任医(药、护、技)师⑴主治(管)医(药、护、技)师⑵在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报正、副主任医(药、护、技)师,在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报主治(管)医(药、护、技)师。工程技术高级工程师(含专家级高级工程师)⑴工程师⑵在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报高级工程师(含专家级高级工程师)⑵在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报工程师。农业技术农业技术推广研究员高级农艺师农艺师实验技术高级实验师实验师中学教师中学高级教师中档专业学校教师高级讲师讲师技工学校教师高级讲师(高级实习指导教师)讲师经济专业高级国际商务师高级经济师国际商务师经济师助理国际商务师会计专业高级会计师会计师记录专业高级记录师记录师审计专业高级审计师审计师体育教练员国家级教练高级教练一级教练工艺美术专业高级工艺美术师工艺美术师翻译专业译审、副译审(第二外语)翻译(第二外语)播音专业播音指导主任播音员一级播音员新闻专业高级记者(高级编辑)主任记者(主任编辑)记者(编辑)艺术(广播电视艺术)艺术一级艺术二级、主任舞台技师艺术三级、舞台技师出版专业编审副编审编辑(一级校对)文博专业、图书资料专业、档案专业研究馆员副研究馆员馆员公证员一级公证员二级公证员三级公证员律师一级律师二级律师三级律师·报考类别的选择综合类,理工类,卫生类考试原则上没有严格的界线。综合类文章可以考到理工类去,理工类可以考到卫生类和综合类。三类考试之间没有严格界线区分。国家在每位考生评估职称的时候,到底规定是理工类成绩,卫生类成绩,基本上国家还没有明确规定。假如你评估主任医师,卫生类职称,你可以考综合类,也可以考卫生类。严格意义上没有很严格的规定。到底决定报综合类,理工类,还是卫生类,有两个依据。一方面问一下自己单位的人,要评估职称要报什么类比较合适。假如单位没有明确规定和规定的话,可以根据自己的现实情况选择,假如工作中接触的文章都是理工类的文章,那就报理工类。假如接触的文章是社会类文章,那就报综合类。·免考规定取得外语(从事翻译工作人员及外语教师第二外语)专业专科及以上学历的人员申报中、高级职称评审;获得博士学位申报高级(含正高级)职称评审;获得硕士学位申报中级职称评审;留学回国人员初次参与职称评审;申报副高级职称评审时已取得职称外语合格证书(含1977年终前参与工作人员外语成绩达成45分)的人员申报正高级职称评审;参与《全国工商公司出国培训备选人员外语考试》,通过中(Ⅰ)级者申报中级职称评审,通过高(A)级者申报高级职称评审等五类考生可免职称外语等级考试。凡参与国家人事部和北京市人事局组织的各类专业技术资格考试和职(执)业资格考试取得资格证书的人员,聘用单位可根据岗位需要自主决定相应聘人员的外语水平规定。凡实行考评结合的系列(专业)及体育教练员、工艺美术、广播电视艺术、技校高级实习指导教师系列(专业),外语考试成绩可不作为申报条件,其合格成绩或当年考试成绩作为职称评审的要素之一。·注意事项为了保证报考信息的准确采集和解决,报考人员在报名和考试时要注意以下事项:1、根据各省市人事厅(局)考试中心发布的报名程序和规定,到指定的报名点领取报名表。假如规定实行光电阅读器--计算机自动采集报名信息,还要领取报名信息卡和《报考手册》。由单位集体组织报名的,应按本人所在单位规定的具体程序报考。2、如实、准确、工整地填写报名表中的各有关项目,并由所在单位加盖公章。使用报名信息卡的,除按规定填写报名表外,还应严格按照《报考手册》中规定的填涂工具和填涂规定,认真、准确添涂好报名信息卡。报名表和报名信息卡填好后,应认真检查,保证报名的填写和报名信息卡的填涂准确无误。3、携带报名表、报名信息卡、照片、身份证和其它所需证件到报名点办理报名手续,报名点发给每一报考人员一个报名序号,该报名序号应保存好,以备后用。二、职称英语考试技巧给大家说说关心的“字典”问题:针对职称英语考试中的第一部分词汇题,我建议大家带一本同义词词典(双解词典),这类词典的特点是用几个同义词注解某一英文单词,大家可以非常方便地在注解中找到答案。有了字典,又该如何查呢?我经常听到有学员在答疑室中说:某某单词在字典里查不到,其实不是字典里没有,而是他们不会查,最常见到的情况有两种:第一种:分不清单词词性;如:1.Beforeleavingthehouse,sheclosedthewindows.2.Sheisclosetosuccess.两句话里都有close,但是词性不同,第一句话里的是动词,由于有形式上的变化(-ed);而第二句话里的close跟在is的后面,并且形式上没有变化,因此判断为形容词。当寻找他们的同义词时,应针对不同的词性加以判断。这一点对于大家来说非常重要!第二中:分不清划线单词是原形,现在分词或过去式:如:Hersisterurgedhertoapplyforthejob.(P602)advisedﻩﻩB.caused C.forced ﻩ D.promisedﻫ假如去字典里查urged,当然是查不到的。Ticketsarelimitedandwillbeallocatedtothosewhoapplyfirst.(P461)postedB.Sentﻩ C.handedD.Given接下来,我们一起练几题,大家可以八仙过海各显神通,看谁做得又快又好!1.Practicallyallanimalscommunicatethroughsounds.
A.Clearlyﻩ B.AlmostﻩﻩC.Absolutely D.Basically2.Thestorywasverytouching.
A.Inspiring B.Boringﻩ C.MovingﻩﻩD.absorbingYoushouldhaveblendedthebutterwiththesugarthoroughly.ﻫA.Spread B.Mixedﻩ C.Beatenﻩ D.covered4.Iwon’ttoleratethatkindofbehaviour.
A.bearB.acceptC.admitD.take5.Theindexisthegovernment’schiefgaugeoffutureeconomicactivity.
A.methodB.measureC.wayD.manner阅读理解常用提问方式1.有关主旨题的提问方式:1)Themain(重要的)idea(思想,主意)ofthispassage(文章)is…2)Whichofthefollowing(下列的)statements(句子)bestexpresses(表达)themainideaofthepassage?3)Thepassagemainlydiscusses(讨论)…4)Thispassagemainlydealswith(涉及)…5)Theauthor’spurpose(意图)inwritingthispassageis…6)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2.有关细节题的提问方式:1)Somepeopledosth.because____________?2)Accordingtothepassage,wecanknowthat___________.3)What…?Which…?Who(Whom)…?When(Whattime)…4)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueexcept...?ﻫWhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentioned?ﻫWhichofthefollowingismentioned?WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?3.有关词语释义题的提问方式:1)Theword“…”inline(行)…refersto(指)…2)Inparagraph4,“it”referto(means)………4.有关推理判断题的提问方式:1)Itcanbeinferred(推断)fromthepassagethat….2)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred?3)Itcanbeconcluded(结论)fromthepassagethat….5.有关作者观点意图题的提问方式:1)Theauthor’smain(重要的)purpose(目的)inthispassageis….2)Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassageis….3)Inthispassagetheauthor’sattitude(见解)couldbest..4)Theauthor’smainthought(思想)isthat…众所周知,阅读理解题的成败关乎到考试能否及格,所以一定要掌握好的解题方法,在大家词汇量都不是很多的情况下,方法就显得极其重要!阅读理解例题:例一:LightNight,DarkStars1.Thousandsofpeoplearoundtheglobestepoutsidetogazeattheirnightsky.Onaclearnight,withnoclouds,moonlight,orartificiallightstoblocktheview,peoplecanseemorethan14,000starsinthesky,saysDennisWard,anastronomerwiththeUniversityCorporationforAtmosphericResearch(UCAR)inBoulder,Colo.Butwhenpeoplearesurroundedbycitylights.hesays,they’reluckytosee150stars.2.Ifyou'veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglowfromagreatdistance,you’vewitnessedlightpollution.Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlights,officebuildings,signs,andothersourcesstreamsintospaceandilluminatesthenightsky.ThishazeoflightmakesmanystarsinvisibletopeopleonEarth.Evenatnight,bigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlightpollution,makingstargazingdifficult。3.Dustandparticlesofpollutionfromfactoriesandindustriesworsentheeffectsotlightpollution.“Ifonecityhasalotmorelightpollutionthananother,”Wardsays,“thatcitywillsuffertheeffectsoflightpollutiononamuchgreaterscale.”4.Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheirjobs.5.Citiesaregettinglarger.Suburbsaregrowinginoncedark,ruralareas.Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuringtilefaintlightgivenoffbydistantstars.Andifscientistscan'tlocatetheseobjects,theycan’tlearnmoreaboutthem.6.Lightpollutiondoesn’tonlyaffectstarvisibility.Itcanharmwildlifetoo.It’sclearthatartificiallightcallattractanimals,makingthemgooffcourse”.There’sincreasingevidence.Forexample,thatmigratingbirdsusesunsetsandsunrisestohelpfindtheirway,saysSydneyGauthreausJr.,ascientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina.“Whenlightoccursatnight,”hesays,“ithasaverydisruptiveinfluence.”Sometimesbirdsflyintolightedtowers,highrises,andcablesfromradioandtelevisiolltowers.Expertsestimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.1.Whencanpeoplesee14000stars?AWhentheyhaveafairlygoodtelescope.BWhentheyareinalargecity.CWhenthenightskyisclearofclouds,moonlightandartificiallights.DWhenthenightskyiswithouthazeandfog.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTrelatedtolightpollution?AAhazeoflightformedfromartificiallightssuchasstreetlightsandbuildinglights.BLightsfromdifferentsourcesinthecitystreamintospaceandilluminatethenightsky.CThenightskyisilluminatedbythelightsfrombigglowingcitiesinthenight.DStargazingbecomesdifficultbecausethereisalayerofhazeintheair.3.Doesthewriterthinkgrowingcitiesaffectastronomers’work?Whydoeshethinkso?AYes.Becausetheoncedarkruralareasarepollutedbylights.BNo.Becausetheycanstillseestarsinruralareas.C.Yes.Becauseruralareasarenotagoodplaceforastronomerstostudystars。D.No.Becausefaintlightgivenoffbystarscallstillbeseenonaclearnight4.Howdoeslightpollutiotlaffectwildlife?WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?A.Animalsmaygooffcourseduetotheattractionofartificiallights.B.Animalsmightbeattractedbyartificiallightstogointocities.C.Artificiallightsatnightmaymakemigratingbirdslosetheirway.DAttractedbyartificiallights,birdsflyintolightedbuildings.5.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothetitle”LightNight,DarkStars”?A.Thenightskyislightcoloredandstarsareblack.B.Lightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark.C.Citieslightsillunfinatethenightskyandmakestarsinvisible.DCitylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky.先理解标题,推测文章内容:LightNight,DarkStars。没有生词,明亮的夜晚,灰暗的星空。只是看题目,还不易推测出文章的重要内容,因此,要快速浏览全文,看能否找到出现频率较高的词或短语,它们有也许就是文章的核心!大家看到了我用黑线标出了出现频率最多的短语:lightpollution.所以可以推测文章的内容和光污染有关。接下来判断所给5题的题型,我们发现1至4都是细节题,因此只需要找到关键词逐个回答即可。而第5题是主旨题,并且是最后一题,所以要等文章读完后最后做。1.Whencanpeoplesee14000stars?AWhentheyhaveafairlygoodtelescope当他们有一个非常不错的望远镜.BWhentheyareinalargecity当他们在大城市时.CWhenthenightskyisclearofclouds,moonlightandartificiallights当夜空中没有云、月光和人造灯光时.DWhenthenightskyiswithouthazeandfog当夜空没有阴霾和大雾时.分析:关键词很容易找14000stars,在第一段出现了该词:Thousandsofpeople(数以千计的人)aroundtheglobe(世界上)stepoutside(走出去)togazeat(凝视)theirnightsky.Onaclear(晴朗的)night,withnoclouds,moonlight,orartificial(人造的)lightstoblock(遮挡、挡住)theview,peoplecanseemorethan14,000starsinthesky(答案C),saysDennisWard,anastronomer(天文学家)withtheUniversityCorporationforAtmosphericResearch(UCAR)inBoulder,Colo.Butwhenpeoplearesurrounded(被。。。包围)bycitylights.hesays,they’reluckytosee150stars.补充:请注意短语:beclearofsth:无阻碍、障碍、危险如:Waituntiltheroadisclearoftrafficbeforecrossing.(等到路上没车时再过马路。)2.Whichofthefollowingstatements(叙述)isNOTrelatedto(同。。。有关)lightpollution?AAhazeoflightisformedfromartificiallightssuchasstreetlightsandbuildinglights(阴霾的光是由人造光而形成的,如路灯和建筑物的光).BLightsfromdifferentsourcesinthecitystreamintospaceandilluminatethenightsky来自于不同来源的光进入太空并照亮了夜空.CThenightskyisilluminatedbythelightsfrombigglowingcitiesinthenight夜空由晚上大城市发出的光照亮.DStargazing(star+gazing观望星星)becomesdifficultbecausethereisalayerofhazeintheair由于空气中有一层霾,所以观望星星变得困难.分析:本题的关键词是lightpollution,并且按照题目的题号应当在文章的前面,所以从第二段找找看:Ifyou'veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglowfromagreatdistance(答案C),you’vewitnessed(见证、目睹)lightpollution.Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlights,officebuildings,signs,andothersourcesstreamsintospaceandilluminatesthenightsky(答案A,B表述).ThishazeoflightmakesmanystarsinvisibletopeopleonEarth.Evenatnight,bigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlightpollution,makingstargazingdifficult(请注意这句话并不是答案D,他们不同,该句是说:甚至在晚上,许多像纽约这样的大城市所产生的灯光使观望星星变得困难。)所以,D的表述同光污染没有关联。3.Doesthewriterthinkgrowingcitiesaffectastronomers’work?Whydoeshethinkso?AYes.Becausetheoncedarkruralareasarepollutedbylights由于曾经黑暗的乡村地区被光污染了.BNo.BecausetheyCallstillseestarsinruralareas.C.Yes.Becauseruralareasarenotagoodplaceforastronomerstostudystars由于乡村地区不是一个好的研究星星的地方。D.No.Becausefaintlightgivenoffbystarscallstillbeseenonaclearnight分析:题目是说:不断扩大的城市会影响天文学家的工作吗?为什么他会这样认为?在A答案中我们可以看到线索词:polluted和lights.所以,根据阅读的规律,只要和线索词有关的答案,多半就是最终答案。假如大家想检查答案是否对的的话,也可以带着关键词astronomers去找答案:Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheirjobs.通过对句子的分析,排除答案B,D.留下A,C.在接下来的段落中可以对答案加以判断:Citiesaregettinglarger.Suburbs(郊区)aregrowinginoncedark,ruralareas.Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuring(使。。。变得模糊)thefaint(薄弱的)lightgivenoffbydistantstars.Andifscientistscan'tlocate(拟定。。。的位置)theseobjects,theycan’tlearnmoreaboutthem.总结:做阅读理解时大家需要牢牢抓住文章的中心或核心词,只要被选项中有核心内容的出现就可以推测为对的答案!4.Howdoeslightpollutionaffectwildlife?WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?A.Animalsmaygooffcourseduetotheattractionofartificiallights由于受到人造光的吸引,动物们也许偏离航向.B.Animalsmightbeattractedbyartificiallightstoocities.动物们也许会受到人造光的吸引而进入城市C.Artificiallightsatnightmaymakemigratingbirdslosetheirway.夜间的人造光也许会使迁徙的鸟类们迷路DAttractedbyartificiallights,birdsolightedbuildings.由于受到人造光的吸引,鸟类飞进有光的建筑物里。分析:题目是说:光污染是如何影响野生动物?下列哪个说法不对的?关键词就是wildlife,在最后一段里,可以找到内容:Lightpollutiondoesn’tonlyaffectstarvisibility.Itcanharmwildlifetoo.It’sclearthatartificiallightcallattractanimals,makingthemgooffcourse”(答案A).There’sincreasingevidence.Forexample,thatmigratingbirdsusesunsetsandsunrisestohelpfindtheirway,saysSydneyGauthreausJr.,ascientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina.“Whenlightoccursatnight,”hesays,“ithasaverydisruptive(破坏性的)influence(答案C).”Sometimesbirdsflyintolightedtowers(答案D),highrises,andcablesfromradioandtelevisiolltowers.Expertsestimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.所以,答案B并未提到。5.Whichofthefollowingisclosest(最接近的)inmeaning(意思)tothetitle"LightNight,DarkStars"?A.Thenightskyislightcoloredandstarsareblack夜空是浅色的而星星是黑色的.B.Lightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark光显现在夜晚而在黑暗中人们看见星星.C.Citieslightsillunfinatethenightskyandmakestarsinvisible城市的灯光照亮了夜空而使得星星已经无法看见.DCitylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky.夜晚的城市的灯光照亮了天空中的星星。分析:本题是唯一的一道主旨题,所以需要纵观全文。通过我们对前4题的解答,完全可以判断出文章的主题就是说:由于不断扩大的城市,越来越多的城市灯光,已经成为一种污染,使得天空中的星星黯然失色,所以答案就是C。例二:DecliningInterestinDevelopingForeignLanguageSkills1.Australia’sforeignlanguageskillsaredeclining,voiceofAmericahasreported.Newfiguresshowthatonly13percentofhighschoolgraduatescanspeakaforeignlanguage.Butfourdecadesago,40percenthadforeignlanguageskills.2.ProfessorEliseTipton,fromtheUniversityofSydney,saysincreasinglystudentsdonotfeeltheneedtolearnanotherlanguagetoboosttheircareer.ShebelievesthatAustralia’seconomicboom,whichisdrivenbyred-hotdemandforitsminerals,ishelpingmaskseriousdeficienciesinitslanguageskills.3.AustraliadoesbusinessverysuccessfullyinEnglishwithmostofitstradingpartners.Butastheworld’seconomicpowershiftstoemergingregionssuchasAsia,itslanguagegapcouldsoonbeexposed.Accordingtothenewfigures,lessthan6.5percentofhighschoolgraduatesareproficientinanAsianlanguage.AcademicsworrythatthismeansAustraliawillincreasinglybeisolatedfromitseconomicallyimportantAsianneighbors.DilipDutta,fromtheeconomicsandbusinessfacultyatSydneyUniversity,sayslanguageskillscanenhancetradingopportunities.IfAustralianswanttotradewithAsiancountries,itisveryimportantforthemtolearnthelanguagethatwillhelpthemtogetclosertotheculture.4.ButstudentshavedifferentopinionsaboutAsianlanguagelearningPippaMcCowage,a22-year-oldAustralianstudent,saysmanyyoungAustralianshaveahalf-heartedapproachtoforeignlanguages,andthelanguagecurriculumisoftenweak.“Whilewe’reencouragedinhighschooltolearnanotherlanguage,it’snotreallyapparenttomeasarealisticexpectationthatyouwillhavetospeakit,”saidMcCowage.“Forexample,IlearnedJapaneseinhighschool,whenIwentonanexchangeinYear10,IfoundthattheJapanesestudentsofmyagehadamuchgreaterproficiencyinEnglishthanIdidinJapanese.Sointhatsense,italmostdiscouragesyou.5.Atpresent,about70percentofAustralia’smajorexportsgotoAsiaandtheAustraliangovernmenthasbeenkeenondevelopingclosereconomicanddiplomatictieswithAsia.Academicssaythat,asAsiabecomesoneoftheworld’seconomicpowerhouses,Australianeedstoimproveitslanguageskillsifitistotakefulladvantageofthebusinessopportunitiesonitsdoorstep.1.Howmuchpercentofhighschoolgraduateswereproficientinforeignlanguagesfortyyearsago?A.70.ﻩﻩB)13. ﻩC)40. D)6.5.2.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A)Australiahasrichdepositsofminerals.B)Australiaisessentiallyaself-sufficientcountry.C)AustraliahasnointentiontotradewithAsiancountries.D)Australianstudentsarenotrequiredtolearnaforeignlanguage.3.WhatdoesDilipDuttathinklanguageskillscando?A.Improveyourrelationwithyourpartner.B.Helpsettleinternationalconflicts.C.Removebarriersinnegotiations.D.Increasetradingopportunities.4.WhyhastheAustraliangovernmentbeenkeenlyinterestedinstrengtheningtieswithAsia?A)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliaislocated.B)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustralia’smajorexportsgo.C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliansgoandspendtheirholidays.C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliacanplayabigroleininternationalaffairs.5.Theword"faculty"inparagraph3canbereplacedby_______.A)college.B)institute.C)university.D)department.解题目:Declining衰退的Interest爱好inDeveloping发展、开发ForeignLanguage外语Skills技能,所以串在一起可以将之理解成:逐渐丧失提高外语技能的爱好。通过理解题目,我们可以推测一下,在文章中foreignlanguages和declininginterest应是核心词。接下来,来看5道题的题目,对出题方式加以判断:1,3,4都是细节题,而2题是推断题;5题是词语释义题。针对不同出题方式的题目要以不同的方法加以应对。1.Howmuchpercent百分数ofhighschoolgraduates(高中毕业生)wereproficient(精通的)inforeignlanguagesfortyyearsago(40年前)?A)70.ﻩﻩB)13. ﻩC)40. D)6.5.分析:这是细节题,关键词:highschoolgraduates,fortyyearsago。位于第一题的位置,所以答案应当来源于第一段:Australia’sforeignlanguageskillsaredeclining,VoiceofAmericahasreported.Newfigures(数字)showthatonly13percentofhighschoolgraduatescanspeakaforeignlanguage.Butfourdecades(一个decade是2023)ago(40年前),40percenthadforeignlanguageskills(答案的出处).2.Whatcanbeinferred(推测出)fromparagraph2?A)Australiahasrichdepositsofminerals.(澳大利亚有丰富的矿藏)B)Australiaisessentiallyaself-sufficientcountry.C)AustraliahasnointentiontotradewithAsiancountries.D)Australianstudentsarenotrequiredtolearnaforeignlanguage.分析:题目中有infer,所以该题是推断题。因此,需要读第二段,寻找核心内容,重要是要找到关键句:ProfessorEliseTipton,fromtheUniversityofSydney,saysincreasinglystudentsdonotfeeltheneedtolearnanotherlanguagetoboosttheircareer.ShebelievesthatAustralia’seconomicboom(经济的繁荣),whichisdriven(受到驱动)byred-hot(非常有活力的)demand(规定)foritsminerals矿物(核心词),ishelpingmask掩盖seriousdeficiencies局限性initslanguageskills.注意:一般发现A、B、C、D四个选项中,哪个选项出现中心词,一般该选项就是对的答案。3.WhatdoesDilipDuttathinklanguageskillscando?A.Improveyourrelationwithyourpartner.B.Helpsettleinternationalconflicts.C.Removebarriersinnegotiations.D.Increasetradingopportunities.分析:这是一道标准的细节题,中心词就是:DilipDutta。带着它,我们可以在第三段里搜索到相关的语句:DilipDutta,fromtheeconomiceandbusinessfacultyatSydneyUniversity,sayslanguageskillscanenhancetradingopportunities(答案D出处!).IFAustralianswanttotradewithAsiancountries,itisveryimportantforthemtolearnthelanguagethatwillhelpthemtogetclosertotheculture.4.WhyhastheAustraliaernment(澳大利亚政府)beenkeenly(强烈地)interestedinstrengthening(加强)ties(联系)withAsia(亚洲)?A)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliaislocated.B)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustralia’smajorexportsgo.C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliansgoandspendtheirholidays.C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliacanplayabigroleininternationalaffairs.分析:从题目的类型来说,一定是细节题,找到核心词:Australiangovernment,keenlyinterestedin,tieswithAsia。我们会发现核心词没有出现在第四段中,而在最后一段中出现了:Atpresent,about70percentofAustralia’smajorexports(重要的出口货品)gotoAsiaand(该词相称于so,因果关系连词)theAustraliangovernmenthasbeenkeenondevelopingcloser(密切的)economic(经济的)anddiplomatic(外交的)tieswithAsia(答案出处).Academicssaythat,asAsiabecomesoneoftheworld’seconomicpowerhouses(支柱),Australianeedstoimproveitslanguageskillsifitistotakefulladvantageofthebusinessopportunitiesonitsdoorstep.5.Theword"faculty"inparagraph3canbereplacedby_______.A)college学院.ﻩ B)institute学会、研究所C)university大学. D)department系.分析:这是一道词语释义题。大家可以查字典,也可以根据单词出现的前后文来判断:DilipDutta,fromtheeconomics(经济学)andbusiness(贸易)facultyatSydneyUniversity,。。。由于后面有...university,因此自然想到是大学里的“系”。例三:OlderVolcanicEruptions1.Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory,notbecausetheywerebigger,butbecausethecarbondioxidetheyreleasedwipedoutlifegreaterease.2.PaulWignallfromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigatingthelinkbetweenvolcaniceruptionsandmassextinctions.Notallvolcaniceruptionskilledofflargenumbersofanimals,butallthemassextinctionsoverthepast300millionyearscoincidedwithhugeformationsofvolcanicrock.Tohissurprise,theolderthemassivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoremoredamagetheyseemedtodo.Hecalculatedthe“killingefficiency”forthesevolcanoesparingtheproportionoflifetheykilledoffwiththevolumeoflavathattheyproduced.Hefoundthatsizeforsize,oldereruptionswereatleast10timesaseffectiveatwipingoutlifeastheirmorerecentrivals.3.ThePermianextinction,forexample,whichhappened250millionyearsago,ismarkedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockinSiberiathatcoveranarearoughlythesizeofwesternEurope.Thosevolcanoesarethoughttohavepumpedoutabout10gigatonnesofcarbonascarbondioxide.Theglobalwarmingthatfollowedwipedout80percentofallmarinegeneraatthetime,andittook5millionyearsfortheplanettorecover.Yet60millionyearsago,therewasanotherhugeamountofvolcanicactivityandglobalwarmingbutnomassextinction.Someanimalsdiddisappearbutthingsreturnedtonormalwithintenthousandsofyears.“Themostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall,”Wignallsays.Heignoredtheextinctionwhichwipedoutthedinosaurs65millionyearsago,becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid.HethinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemorerecentlifeformswerebetteradaptedtodealingwithincreasedlevelsofCO2.4.VincentCourtillot,directoroftheparisGeophysicalInstituteinFrance,saysthatWignall’sideaisprovocative.Buthesaysitisincrediblyhardtodothesesortsofcalculations.Hepointsoutthatthekillingpowerofvolcaniceruptionsdependsonhowlongtheylasted.Anditisimpossibletotellwhetherthehugeblastslastedforthousandslionsofyears.Healsoaddsthatitisdifficulttoestimatehowmuchlavaprehistoricvolcanoesproduced,andthatlavavolumemaynotnecessarilycorrespondtocarbondioxideemissions.1.Whydidoldervolcaniceruptionsdomoredamagethanmorerecentones?A.Becausetheykilledofflifemoreeasily.B.Becausetheywerebrighter.C.Becausetheywerelarger.D.Becausetheywerehotter.2.HowdidWignallcalculatethekillingpowerofthoseoldervolcaniceruptions?A.Byestimatinghowlongtheylasted.B.Bycountingthedinosaurstheykilled.C.Bystudyingthechemicalcompositionoflava.D.Bycomparingtheproportionoflifewipedoutwiththevolumeoflavaproduced.3.Whendiddinosaursbecomeextinct?ﻫA)300millionyearsago.B)250millionyearsago.C)60millionyearsago.D)65millionyearsago4.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3concerningdinosaurs?A)Theywerekilledoffbyanasteroid.B)Theydiedofdrasticclimatechange.C)Theywerewipedoffbyavolcaniceruption.D)Thecauseoftheirextinctionhasremainedacontroversialissue.5.Whatisthemainthesisofthearticle?A)Volcaniceruptionsarenotalwaysdeadly.B)Oldervolcaniceruptionsweremoredestructive.C)Carbondioxideemissionsoftengiverisetoglobalwarming.
D)Itisnoteasytocalculatethekillingpowerofavolcaniceruption.解标题:OlderVolcanic(火山的)Eruptions(喷发)本文讲的是远古火山喷发,所以oldervolcaniceruptions应是核心词。1.Whydidoldervolcaniceruptionsdomoredamagethanmorerecentones?(为什么远古火山喷发比近期喷发损害更大?)A.Becausetheykilledofflifemoreeasily.B.Becausetheywerebrighter.C.Becausetheywerelarger.D.Becausetheywerehotter.分析:细节题。第一题,一般在开头段落寻找答案。Volcanoesweremoredestructive(更具有破坏性的)inancienthistory(在古代的劳历史中),notbecause(不是由于)theywerebigger,butbecause(而是由于)thecarbondioxide(二氧化碳)theyreleased(他们所释放的,定语修饰前面的thecarbondioxide)wipedout擦去、抹去life生命greaterease(更容易).句子是说:古代的火山更具杀伤力,不是由于它们更大,而是由于它们释放出来的二氧化碳更容易把人杀死。所以答案A表述的内容同本段相符。2.How(如何,询问方式)didWignallcalculate(计算)thekillingpower(杀伤力)ofthoseoldervolcaniceruptions?A.Byestimatinghowlongtheylasted.通过估计他们连续多长时间。B.Bycountingthedinosaurstheykilled.通过数死去的恐龙的的数量C.Bystudyingthechemicalcompositionoflava.通过研究熔岩的化学构成。D.Bycomparingtheproportionoflifewipedoutwiththevolumeoflavaproduced.通过比较火山释放出的熔岩的体积与杀死生命的比例。分析:毫无疑问这是细节题,核心词就是人名:Wignall。PaulWignall(核心词出现了,接下来的内容请大家注意了!!!)fromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigatingthelinkbetweenvolcaniceruptionsandmassextinctions.Notallvolcaniceruptionskilledofflargenumbersofanimals,butallthemassextinctionsoverthepast300millionyearscoincidedwithhugeformationsofvolcanicrock.Tohissurprise,theolderthemassivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoredamagetheyseemedtodo.He(代指Wignall)calculatedthe“killingefficiency(功效)forthesevolcanoesbycomparing(比较)theproportion(比例)oflifetheykilledoffwiththevolumeoflava(熔岩)thattheyproduced.(答案出处!)Hefoundthatsizeforsize,oldereruptionswereatleast10timesaseffectiveatwipingoutlifeastheirmorerecentrivals.3.Whendiddinosaursbecomeextinct?恐龙什么时候灭绝的?
A)300millionyearsago.B)250millionyearsago.C)60millionyearsago.D)65millionyearsago分析:这是标准的细节题,核心词:dinosaursbecomeextinct。并且这题的特点就是数字,所以在接下来的段落中大家要用笔标出所见到的数字加以判断!ThePermianextinction,forexample,whichhappened250millionyearsago(答案B,但和dinosaursbecomeextinct没有关系,不是答案!),ismarkedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockinSiberiathatcoveranarearoughlythesizeofwesternEurope.Thosevolcanoesarethoughttohavepumpedoutabout10gigatonnesofcarbonascarbondioxide.Theglobalwarmingthatfollowedwipedout80percentofallmarinegeneraatthetime,andittook5millionyearsfortheplanettorecover.Yet60millionyearsago(答案C,但和dinosaursbecomeextinct没有关系,不是答案!),therewasanotherhugeamountofvolcanicactivityandglobalwarmingbutnomassextinction.Someanimalsdiddisappearbutthingsreturnedtonormalwithintenthousandsofyears.“Themostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall,”Wignallsays.Heignoredtheextinction(该词是extinct的同根词,所以含义应是同样的!)whichwipedoutthedinosaurs(核心词露面了!)65millionyearsago(这是答案D,所以这就是我们所要找的!!!),becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid.HethinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemorerecentlifeformswerebetteradaptedtodealingwithincreasedlevelsofCO2.4.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3concerning(关于、涉及到)dinosaurs?A)Theywerekilledoffbyanasteroid(小行星).B)Theydiedof(死于)drastic(急剧的)climatechange.C)Theywerewipedoffbyavolcaniceruption.D)Thecauseoftheirextinctionhasremainedacontroversial(有争议的)issue.分析:题目就告诉我们这是一道推断题,是第三段。这是一道比较难的题目。需要大家要读懂句子,还要有推理能力:相关的句子:“Themostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall,”Wignallsays.Heignored(忽略、忽视)theextinctionwhichwipedoutthedinosaurs65millionyearsago,becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid.Hethinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemo
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