八年级英语下(Unit3 语法点梳理以及能力训练-B)

精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义年级：八年级辅导科目：英语课时数：3课题Unit3语法点梳理以及能力训练--B使学生能够基本掌握Unit3中的语法点；教学目的教学内容进行一些综合训练，提高综合能力。Step1:Greetings&FreetalkHowareyoutoday?Istheresomethinginterestingorimportantthisweek?Whathaveyoulearnedinyourschool?(询问学校课程进度)Step2:Leadin—轻松快乐驿站WhoistheCook?John:Whenwegetmarried,we'regoingtohaveagoodcookinourhouse.Mike:Ididn'tknowyourgirlfriendcouldcook.John:Shecan't.Hermotheriscomingtolivewithus.谁是厨师？约翰：当我们结了婚，我们家将会有一个优秀的厨师。迈克：我没听说过你女朋友会做饭菜。约翰：她是不会，但她的妈妈将会和我们住在一起。Step3:Check(words+expressions+reciting+homework+错题回顾)1.单词默写。n.仆人；佣人v.欺骗；坑人n.电adj.愚蠢的n.金属丝，金属线v.流动n.仪表；计量表v.测量；量n.账单adv.每月一次n.解释；解说；说明adj.小心的，谨慎的v.搔；挠adj.看不见的；无形的n.形状；形式n.能量n.电灯泡v.连接，联合v.埋葬，掩埋adv.客气地，斯文地v.露齿笑，咧嘴笑n.电池v.包含，含有adj.明白清楚的n.熨斗v.开或关（电器）adv.不连接，不工作v.（用锁）锁上v.试验v.鼓励v.表现adj.有礼貌的n．全体职工n．顾客2．日常表达默写。谨慎，小心变为；使改变思考，想出来被连接到最后3．课文背诵检查。4．课后作业检查分析。5．上次课错题回顾。（帮助学生整理上次课错题）Step4:Grammar情态动词的基本用法1.情态动词can/could的用法表示“能力；许可；可能性”等。在口语中，can可以代替may表示许可，而may比较正式。could为can的过去式，可以表示语气较委婉，用于否定句中，表示推测，表示“不可能”。e.g.Manypeoplecanusethecomputernow,butwecouldn'ttenyearsago.现在许多人能使用电脑，但10年前我们不能。Hecan'tbeathome.他不可能在家。2.情态动词would与should的用法(1)情态动词would是will的过去式，表示的语气比较缓和、委婉。e.g.Wouldyoupleasepassmethesalt?请递给我盐好吗？（表示语气委婉，希望得到对方的肯定回答）Iwouldlike/lovetohelpyou.我愿意帮助你。（表示缓和）(2)should表示义务，可用于各种句式，通常指将来。e.g.Youshoulddowhatyourteachertellsyou.你应该照你老师的话办。Heshoulddosomework,buthedoesn’twantto.他应该做些工作，但是他不想做。用于第一人称疑问句时，表示征询意见。e.g.ShouldIopenthewindow?我可以开窗吗？3.may与might的用法(1)情态动词may表示“许可”或含有征求对方意见之意。表示“可以”之意时，用may，它的否定形式为maynot，表示“不可以；禁止；阻止”等意思时，常用mustnot/mustn't代替maynot。e.g.Youmaygohomenow.你现在可以回家了。--MayIwatchTVaftersupper,Mum?妈妈，晚饭后我可以看电视吗？--Yes,youmay.／No,youmustn't.／No,youmaynot.／No,you'dbetternot.是的，你可以。／不，你不可以。／不，你不可以。／不，你最好不。Wemayhavealotofworktodo.我们可能有许多工作要做。(2)might表示“可能”时，其语气及可能性比may要小含义更不确定。e.g.Hemightbeill.他也许生病了吧。Mybrothermightcomeheresoon.我哥哥也许马上就会来这里。4.must的用法must表示“必须；应该”，否定式为mustnot/mustn't，表示“不应该；不许可；不准；禁止”等。在回答带有must的问句时，否定式常用needn't/neednot或don'thaveto，表示“不必”，而不用mustnot。e.g.Youmustn’tspeaklikethis.你不应该这样说话。--MustIstayherenow?我现在必须待在这里吗？--Yes,youmust.／No,youneedn't.／No,youdon'thaveto.是，你必须。／不，不必。／不，你不一定要去。典例剖析【例1】（2010．上海）Everyone__________gothroughthesecuritycheck（安检）whenenteringtheWorldExpoPark.A.canB.mayC.mustD.ought【答案】C【解析】此题考查情态动词用法。can表示“能，会”，may表示“可能”，must表示“必须；应该”，ought表示“应该”，由题意可知答案为C。【例2】（2010．北京）--___________youturndownyourradio,please?--Yes,Ican.A.MayB.NeedC.MustD.Can【答案】D【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。用can引导的一般疑问句，其否定回答是“Yes,主语+can.”故答案为D。【例3】（2010．常州）-Haveyoudecidedwheretospendyoursummerholiday?-Notyet.We___________gotoQingdao.A.mustB.shouldC.needD.may【答案】D【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。must表示“必须”，should表示“应该”，need表示“需要”，may表示“可能”，由题意可知答案为D。【例4】（2010．广州）--___________Itakesomephotosinthehall?--No,you___________.A.Can;needn'tC.Could;won'tB.Must;mustn'tD.May;mustn't【答案】D【解析】本题考查情态动词用法。表示请求时一般用may或could引导的一般疑问句，用may引导的一般疑问句的否定回答是No,youmustn't.用could引导的一般疑问句的否定回答是No,youcouldn't.由题意可知答案为D。【例5】(2010．河北)--Dowehavetofinishourhomeworkthisafternoon?--Yes,you____________.A.mustB.canC.mayD.need【答案】A【解析】must表示“必须”，can表示“会，能”，may表示“可能”，need表示“需要”，由题意可知答案为A。【例6】(2010．四川眉山)--CanItellPeteraboutthenews?--No,Idon'twantanyoneelsetoknowit.You___________keepittoyourself.A.mustB.needC.canD.may【答案】A【解析】本题考查情态动词用法。句意为：——我能把这个消息告诉彼得吗？——不能，我不想让任何人知道，你必须保守秘密。由题意可知答案为A。【例7】(2010．浙江东阳)--Whoseshirtisthis?--It___________beLiLei's.Itistoobigforhim.A.couldB.mustC.can'tD.might【答案】C【解析】本题考查情态动词用法。句意为：——这是谁的衬衫？——它不可能是李磊的，它对于他来说太大了。对某事肯定的猜测用can't，故答案为C。【例8】(2010．杭州)I'mfeelingmuchbetternowsoyou____________callthedoctor.A.couldn'tB.wouldn'tC.can'tD.needn't【答案】D【解析】句意为：我现在感觉好多了，所以你不必叫医生了。needn't表示“不必要”，而其他三个选项无此含义，故答案为D。易错名师点拨【例1】Hisglassesarenewerthan___________.A.hisfatherB.hisfather'sC.hisfather'sglassD.theglasses【典型错误】A【错因分析】不清楚形容词比较级的用法。【正确答案】B【名师点拨】在进行比较时，比较的对象必须是同类事物，不是同类事物不能进行比较。从例题中可以看出，如果选择的是A，就犯了将不同类事物进行比较的错误。再看这个例子：TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofShanghai.从例子中我们可以看出，为了避免重复，than后面的比较对象通常用that（单数和不可数名词时）或者those(复数名词时)来替代。如：ThefreesinCanadaaretallerthanthoseinThailand.【例2】Mysisterdoeshomeworkmorecarefullythanmybrother___________.A.isB.areC.didD.does【典型错误】A【错因分析】没掌握比较级前后的谓语动词应保持一致这一知识点。【正确答案】D【名师点拨】若主句中有be动词、助动词或情态动词，从句中的谓语动词形式应与主句中的形式一致；若主句中是行为动词，则从句中的谓语动词用助动词的适当形式来代替，即do,does,did。如：Herunsfasterthanshedoes.WangZhizhiplayedbasketballbetterthanYaoMingdidfiveyearsago.【例3】--Canyoutellme__________？Shelookssopale.--Shehasabadheadache.A.whatiswrongwithherC.whatismatterwithherB.whatthematteriswithherD.howisher【典型错误】B【错因分析】此题考查学生对宾语从句用陈述语序的把握。在这个宾语从句中，疑问代词做主语，所以what之后应该直接跟谓语动词。【正确答案】A【名师点拨】注意以下宾语从句的语序：1.Hedoesn'tknowwhathisnameis.2.Canyoutellmewhichisthewaytothemuseum?3.Thedoctoraskedtheboywhatwasthematterwithhim.4.Thepoliceaskedthewomanwhathappenedwhenshepassedtheshop.Step5：Exercise.（综合能力训练）Ⅰ.Choosethebestanswer.()1.LessonThreeis_______________moredifficultthanLessonOne.A.alotofB.muchC.manyD.afew)2.Nowadayshousesaremostly________________byelectricity.A.lightB.lighterC.litD.lighted)3.He’s______________thanbeforesincehewentonadiet.A.thickB.thinC.thinerD.thinner)4.ThesedaysIhiretwo________________inmyhouse.A.manservantsB.menservantC.manservantD.menservants)5.Jimcalledthethiefandhithim__________________theface.A.onB.inC.byD.at)6.Fatherlikestogointohisstudybyhimselftothinkthings__________________.A.ofB.seriouslyC.withcareD.over)7.Grassgrew_____________theriver-bank.A.acrossB.alongC.thoroughD.round)8.Hedoesn’tcare_______________thecoldweather.A.ofB.forC.toD.about)9.Idon’tremember_______________Mr.Leeboughtforhiswife.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when)10.Noonecanbesure_______________inamillionyears.(((((((((A.whatmanwilllooklikeC.whatwilllooklikemanB.whatwillmanlooklikeD.whatlookwillmanlike()11.Anyonecananswerthatquestion,________________?A.canheB.can’ttheyC.can’theD.doesn’the()12.A:CanIleavethisdooropenatnight?B:You_________________betternot.A.shouldB.wouldC.couldD.hadⅡ.Fillintheblankswiththegivenverbsintheirproperforms:(用所给动词的适当形式填空)1.Hewastold________________atnight.(notshout)2.Hesaidthathe________________toAmericathenextweek.(go)3.Comehereatonceifyourhandwriting________________already.(finish)4.Listen!Canyouhearachild______________?(cry)5.Theenergyoffallingwatercanbeused__________________electricity.(produce)6.ItisthebestnovelI_______________ever_______________before.(read)Ⅲ.Chooseoneofthewordsinthebrackettosuitthesentence:(选择适当的词填空)1.Weneeda________________togetpasttheguard.(joke,trick)2.They’regoingtoJapannextweek.Oh,_______________?(real,really)3.Electricityisagood_________________,butadangerousone.(serve,servant)4.Hehadno_______________forwhyhewaslate.(explanation,explain)5.Istherea________________betweensmokingandlungcancer?(connect,connection)Ⅳ.Choosethephrasesintheboxandfillintheblanksintheirproperforms:(用所给词组的适当形式填空)1.Canyoutellmewhatit_________________?(looklike)2.Watercan________________iceifitiscoolenough.(changeinto)3.Thehouse__________________undertenfeetofsnow.(beburied)4.Wearrangefictionbooks__________________bytheauthor’snames.(inalphabeticalorder)5.I’maboy.Myenergy__________________food.(comefrom)Ⅴ.ReadingASportsCityBarEveryTuesdayandThursdayevening,inSportsCityBareveryonecanenjoya“Buyone,getonefree”Tex-Mex&SeafoodBuffet（自助餐）for118yuan.AtourSundayFamilyBuffet,wehaveexcitinggamesforchildren.Thebuffetlastsfrom11:00a.m.to2:00p.m.andcosts98yuanperadult.Childrenattheageof12to16eatforhalfprice,andchildrenunder12（twoatmost）eatforfree.HappyhouratSportsCityBarlastsfrom6:00p.m.to8:30p.m.Buyonesoftdrink,getonefree.Place:thethirdfloorofSportsShoppingMallTel:65137766—2248Choosethebestansweraccordingtotheposter.1.Whencanyouenjoythe“Buyone,getonefree”inSportsCityBar?A.OnTuesday.D.OnTuesday&Thursday.2.WhocanhavefreelunchattheSundayFamilyBuffet?A.Childrenunder12.B.Allthechildren.C.Everyone.D.Adults.3.TheSportsCityBarisonthe______floorofSportsShoppingMall.A.firstB.secondC.thirdD.fourthB.OnThursday.C.OnSunday.4.Howmuchwillyourfatherpayifheandyourten-year-oldbrothergotohavelunchattheSundayFamilyBuffet?A.49yuan.C.118yuan.D.147yuan.B.98yuan.5.Ifyouare13yearsold,you______.A.needtopay49yuanforyourlunchattheSundayFamilyBuffetB.caneatforfreeattheSundayFamilyBuffetC.can’tbuyone,getonefreeinSportsCityBarD.mustgotoSportsCityBarwithyourparentsBAbouttenmenineveryhundredhavethetroubleofcolorblindnessinsomeway.Womenareluckier,onlyaboutoneintwohundredisaffected（感染）inthismatter.Perhaps,afterall,itissafertobedrivenbyawoman.Therearedifferentkindsofcolorblindness.Forexample,amancannotseedeepred.Hemaythinkthatred,orangeandyellowareallshades（影子）ofgreen.Sometimesapersoncan’ttellthedifferencebetweenblueandgreen.Onlyafewunluckymenmayseeeverythinginshadesofgreen—astrangeworldindeed.Colorblindnessinhumanbeingsisadifficultthingtoexplain.Inonlyoneeyetherearemillionsofverysmallthingscalled“cones（锥状细胞）”.Thesehelpustoseeinthebrightlightandtotelldifferencesbetweencolors.Therearealsomillionsof“rods（杆状细胞）”,buttheseareusedforseeingwhenitisnearlydark.Theyshowusshapesbutnotcolors.Someinsectshavefavoritecolors.Mosquitoes（蚊子）likebluebutdonotlikeyellow.Aredlightwillnotattractinsects,butabluelightwill.Humanbeingsalsohavefavoritecolors.Yetwearelucky.Withthehelpoftheconesinoureyes,wecanseemanybeautifulcolorsbyday,andwiththehelpoftherodswecanseeshapesatnight.Choosethebestansweraccordingtothepassage.1.“Colorblindness”means“______”inChinese.A.盲目B.无色C.色盲D.讨厌颜色2.Somepeoplesayit’ssafertobedrivenbywomenbecause______.A.womendrivemorecarefullyB.womenarebetteratdrivingthanmenC.womencanseethingsmoreclearlyD.therearefewercolor-blindwomen3.Withthehelpofthe“cones”,wecan______.A.telldifferentshapesC.seeinthedarkB.killinsectsD.tellorangefromyellow4.Wecanattractandkillmosquitoesbyusinga______light.A.redB.yellowC.blueD.green5.WhichofthefollowingsentencesaboutcolorblindnessisTRUE?A.Noneofmencanseedeepred.B.Notallofmenhavethesameprobleminrecognizingcolors.C.Noneofmencantellthedifferencebetweenblueandgreen.D.Allofmenseeeverythinginshadesofgreen.C“ChageandAska”isoneofJapan’smostsuccessfulsinginggroups.ChageandAskabeganmakingmusictogetherin1979.Now,morethan20yearsand200songslater,theyarestillpopularinJapanandaroundtheworld.Chage（realname:ShujiShibata）andAska（realname:ShigeakiMiyazaki）firstmetinhighschool.In1979,theyenteredtheYamahaPopularSongContest.Theywonthegrandprize（大奖）.Thatyear,theirgroup“ChageandAska”wasborn.Theirmostsuccessfulyearwas1991.TheiralbumTreesold2.5millioncopiesinJapan.Thesinglefromthatalbum,SayYes,soldthreemillioncopies.Thatyear,theywonsixJapanGoldenDiscawards,includingthebestalbum.ThebandisalsopopularoutsideJapan.TheticketstotheirconcertsinotherAsiancountriesusuallysellout.In1996,theybecamethefirstAsiangrouptogivealiveconcertonMTV“Unplugged”.ManyAsiansingers,likeSallyYeh（叶倩文）andAndyLau（刘德华）,liketoperformChageandAska’ssongs.Forthegroup’s15thanniversary（周年纪念）,agroupofAmericansingersreleasedanalbumofChageandAska’ssongs.Besidessingingwiththegroup,Askahashisowncareer（事业）.AndChagehashisownband,MultiMax.ChageandAskaalsowritesongsforAmericanmovies.Truly,theworldissayingyestoChageandAska.Choosethebestansweraccordingtothepassage.1.ChageandAskamet______forthefirsttime.A.atashowforacontestB.ataconcertC.inaYamahastoreD.inhighschool2.Whatwasspecialabout1991forChageandAska?A.Itwastheirmostsuccessfulyear.B.Theybrokeup.C.Theyearnedthreemilliondollars.D.Theychangedtheirnames.3.WhatdidSallyYehdo?A.ShegaveaconcertforMTV.B.ShewroteasongforChageandAska.C.ShesangChageandAska’ssongs.D.SheworkedwithAndyLauonhis15thanniversary.4.MultiMaxis______.A.Aska’snewnameC.aChageandAska’salbumB.Chage’sbandD.amusicaward5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.ChageandAskaarenotpopularinAmerica.B.Thegroupwonmanyawards.C.Oneoftheiralbumssold2.5millioncopies.D.ManypeopleliketogotoChageandAska’sconcerts【Keys】Ⅰ.1-5BCDDB6-10DBBAA11-12BDⅡ.1.nottoshout2.wouldgo3.hasbeenfinished4.crying5.toproduce6.have…read4.explanation5.connectionⅢ.1.trick2.really3.servantⅣ.1.esfromⅤ.A）1~5DACBAB）1~5CDDCBC）1~5DACBA我们来回顾一下吧Step6:Summary.Whatdidyoulearntoday？Couldyoutellmesomethingaboutourlessons？PleaseletmeknowyouropinionsaboutitandIwilldomybesttoperfectit.Thanks!Step7:Homework.I.Fillintheblankswiththewordsintheirproperforms.1.Weshouldsaveelectricitybyusingfewer(electricity)appliances.2.Itisnecessaryforustotalkwithothers(polite)atanytime.3.Thebosshasboughtalotofnew(equip)forthefactory.4.WhatBennysaidwasagood5.Somefriendsof(we)willcometoourChristmaspartytonight.Findtheexpressiontoreplacetheunderlinedpartinthesentence.(explain).II.A.amachinetellsyoutheamountusedB.awidesmileD.can'tbeseenF.putintheground)1.Wecanchangeelectricityintoformsofenergy.)2.Themeterinthetaxiwilltellyouhowmuchyouhavetopay.)3.Therewasagrinonhisface.C.powerthatmakeheatandlight,andmovethingsE.powerthatmakesthingswork((((()4.Carbondioxideisaninvisiblegas.)5.Thedeaddogwasburiednearthehut.III.(Readandchoosethebestanswer.)1.WhenIwasinhighschool,Ihadapart-timejobMondayevening.A.onB.inC.atD.to)2.Pleasebeforeyouleavethelab.(A.turnoffthelightsB.turnonthelightsC.turnoffthemD.turnonthem()3.Keepquiet!Youtalkloudlyinthelibraryandyouobeytherules.A.mustn't;shouldB.needn't;can'tC.should;mayD.must;can't()4.Mr.Smithwantedtoknow.A.howoftenyouseeafilmB.whobrokethewindowC.wheredidSamliveD.whatisArthurdoingnowIV.Rewritethesentencesasrequired.1.JohnandAndyaresingingloudly.(就划线部分提问)singingloudly?2.Thesportsnewswasveryexciting.(改为感叹句)thesportsnewswas!3.Pleasegetmeapacketofelectricity.(保持原句意思)Pleaseapacketofelectricityme.V.Readingcomprehension.MaddyCullenwasaheroyesterday.Thankstoherquickthinking,sheandDaveLewisweresavedfromdangerinthemountains.MaddyandDavewenttotheScottishHighlandswithagroupfromtheMusicNowFestival.Intheafternoon,thegroupwentsailinginboatsonthelake,butMaddyandDavewenthang-gliding(滑翔)instead.Unfortunatelythehang-glidercrashed