细胞生物学chapter5信号转导

CHAPTERCELLLecture1细胞通BasiccharacteristicsofcellG-protein-linkreceptorandsignalSignalingviaenzyme-linkedOthersignaltransductionSignalconvergenceand34Cellcommunication分泌化学信号进行通(chemicalsignaling),即不依赖于细56Contact-dependentsignalingcontrolsnervecellCellcommunication接触依赖性的通讯(contactdependent分泌化学信号进行通讯(chemicalsignaling)即不依赖于细8 9细胞通讯的反应过信号分子的合信号分子向靶细靶细胞对信号分子的识别和检

(cell细胞内信号作用于效应分

各种刺内分泌 细胞 细胞（>

受转换

效应

Ca2+等（第二Ca2+等（第二信使失活的

酶活性、膜通透及其他SignalmoleculesandSignalmolecules信号分ChemicalNon-Non-energyNotthecell-cellandintracellulartransmissionof信激素神经递质局部介质1、Hormone激素Hormonesaresecretedbyendocrine（内分泌细胞）andcarriedthroughthecirculationtoactontargetcellsatdistantbodyhormonesareendocrinecells,sothiskindofcommunicationknownasendocrine(内分泌信号传导类型:类型:蛋白与肽类激素、类固醇激素、氨酸衍生物激名合成部化学特主要作肾上腺肾上酪氨酸衍生提高血压、心律、增强代皮质肾上类固雌二类固诱导和保持雌性胰高血糖胰α肽成、糖原断裂、脂断裂胰岛胰β细蛋白刺激肝细胞等葡萄糖吸及脂的睾类固诱导和保持雄性甲状腺甲状酪氨酸衍生刺激多种类型细胞的2、Localmediators局部介质Localmediatorsisasynthesisofdifferenttypesofcellandsecretedintotheextracellularsignalingmolecules,itcanonlyactonadjacentUsuallythiskindofsignalingiscalledparacrinesignaling（旁分泌信号传导）类型类型:蛋白与肽类、氨基酸衍生物、 Nervecellsreleasethesignal(neurotransmitter)whichbindstoreceptorsonnearbycells. Usuallythiskindofsignalingiscalledneuronalsignaling（神经信号传导）类型类型:胆碱衍生物、氨基酸衍生ReceptorandsignalReceptorscanbedefinedbytheir细胞内intracellularreceptorlocatedwithinthecell细胞表面受体cellsurfacereceptorormembranereceptor–locatedonthe smamembranetobindaligandoutsidethecell细胞内IntracellularLocation:nucleus(more),cytosolIdentificationofsignalingmolecules:avarietyofsteroidhormones,thyroidhormone,vitaminDandretinoicacidCombinemolecule:nonpolar,lipid-soluble--usuallyaffectregulationofgene细胞内IntracellularAintracellucarreceptorhas3functionalhormone- DNA thatin ctswithcoactivatorstoaffectgeneexpression(N) 细胞表面CellSurface smaIdentificationofsignalingmolecules:thehydrophilicproteins,peptides,andotherwater-solublemolecules Ion-channellinkedreceptors：ionchannelthatopensinresponsetoa Gprotein-linkedreceptor：aG-protein(boundtoGTP)assistsintransmittingthesignal酶联受体Enzyme-linkedreceptorreceptorisanenzymethatisactivatedbytransmembranesignaltransmembranesignal linkreceptorcomplex,four-or-six-transmembraneproteinElectrochemicalIon-channel-linkedreceptorcanbefound Selectivity:signalmoleculeandtheflowofspecifictypeofions离子通道受体结合部位外,本身就是离子通道的一部分,乙酰胆碱受δ β原2、G-proteinlinked（G蛋白偶联受体largestclassofcellsurfacereceptors,mediatedbythreetypesofsignaltransductionManydifferenttypes，verysimilarstructure:isapolypeptidechain,andhassevenmembrane-spanninghelices7次穿膜G蛋白3、EnzymeLinkedReceptor(酶联受体alsoknownasCatalyticReceptor(催化受体enzyme(胞内)&receptor(胞外),Ligands-receptor→enzymeBeinvolvedincellgrowth,celldivision,cell酪氨酸激酶偶联受体（tyrosinekinase-linkedreceptor)少细胞内催化活性的酶联受体，促红细胞生成素、干扰内源酶促活性受体(receptorwithintrinsicenzymaticactivity)胞内结构域具有鸟苷酸环化酶或是磷酸酶活Catalyticactivityoftheenzyme-linked内源酶促活性受酶联受

G蛋白偶联受 离子通单次跨膜受 多亚基受专一受体交叉(receptor★胰岛素受体除结合胰岛素外,还可以同胰岛★糖皮质(激)素受体除同糖皮质(激)素结合以外,还可同高亲和受体与配体结合的能力饱和即有限的结合能可逆配体与受体