高中高考总结复习形容词副词

形容词和副词1知识梳理2一、形容词作补语和状语1.形容词作主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示“现状,状态”;也可以表示某一动作的结果,常用在表示“认为,看待”等动词后,如believe,prove,consider等。形容词和副词32.形容词作状语时,可以看作是“being＋形容词”结构或when,if,because等从句的省略,表示时间、方式、原因、伴随、让步、条件等,也可以表示对主语进行解释,说明主语是什么情况,或进行强调,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。如:Hungryandtired,hehadtostopworking.Ripe(＝Whentheyareripe),theorangestastesweet.4二、表语形容词表语形容词是一般只用于系动词后作表语的形容词,这类动词常见的有remain,stay,stand,keep,lie,grow,turn,get,become,run,come,seem,sound,appear,look,smell,taste,feel等。常见的表语形容词有:

某些以a­开头的形容词:afraid“害怕的”;alive“活着的”;alone“单独的”;ashamed“羞愧的”;asleep“睡着的”;awake“醒着的”等。5①这类形容词除afraid和ashamed可用very修饰外,一般不用very修饰,可用其他表程度的副词修饰,如verymuch。常用搭配:wideawake完全清醒

sound/fastasleep酣睡

quitealone非常孤独stillalive仍然活着

muchalike非常相似

full/well/quiteawareof

充分意识到;对……非常清醒②表语形容词还可用作后置定语。如:Heisthemostfamousscientistaliveintheworldtoday.62.某些与健康状况有关的形容词:well“健康的”;fine“健康的”;poorly“不适;不舒服”;unwell“不舒服的”;ill“有病的”;faint“头晕的”等。如:I’mfeelingwelltoday.Heisilltoday.73.某些描述感觉或心情的形容词:glad“高兴的”;pleased“高兴的”;content“满意的”;sorry“难过的”;upset“难过的”等。如:Iamglad/pleasedtohearthatyouareofferedagoodjob.4.其他表语形容词:certain“确认的”;sure“确信的”;fond“喜欢的”;ready“准备好的”;unable“不能……的”等。如:I’mcertain/surethathewillsucceed.8三、复合形容词1.副词词干＋分词,如:hard­working勤劳的2.名词词干＋过去分词,如:man­made人造的3.名词词干＋现在分词,如:time­consuming耗时的4.名词词干＋形容词,如:world­famous世界闻名的5.数词词干＋名词,如:five­star五星级的6.数词词干＋名词­ed,如:three­legged三条腿的97.数词词干＋名词＋形容词,如:five­year­old5岁的8.形容词词干＋过去分词,如:ready­made现成的9.形容词词干＋名词­ed,如:kind­hearted好心的10.形容词词干＋现在分词,如:ordinary­looking相貌一般的11.形容词词干＋形容词,如:red­hot炽热的10四、副词1.派生副词1)最常用的后缀是­ly,即“形容词＋后缀­ly”构成副词。2)还有加后缀­ward(s),­ways,­wise等构成副词。如:backwards,northwards,sideways,crossways,clockwise等。

112.复合副词和短语副词复合副词是指由两个词共同组成的副词。如anyhow,meantime,nowhere,somehow,therefore等。短语副词是指用连词把副词连接起来的短语。如backandforth(前后),hereandthere(到处),nowandthen(不时)等。12一、形容词和副词比较等级的构成1.形容词的比较级和最高级单音节词和少数双音节词,一般在词尾加­er,­est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加­er,­esttallcheaptallercheapertallestcheapest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加­r,­stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest形容词和副词的比较等级13以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加­er,­estbigthinbiggerthinnerbiggestthinnest以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词,变y为i,再加­er,­estbusyangrybusierangrierbusiestangriest少数以­er,­ow结尾的双音节词末尾加­er,­estclevernarrowcleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest部分双音节词和多音节词,在其前加more,most来构成比较级和最高级importantmoreimportantmostimportant14注意:有些形容词的比较级和最高级可采用在词尾加­er和­est的形式,也可采用在单词前加more和most的形式,这类形容词有clear,common,cruel,free,handsome,lively,often,pleasant,polite,pretty,quiet,secure,solid,stupid等。152.副词的比较级和最高级1)大多数以­ly结尾的副词在其前加more和most来构成比较级和最高级。如：

quickly—morequickly—mostquicklycarefully—morecarefully—mostcarefully2)单音节词及少数双音节词在词尾加­er构成比较级,加­est构成最高级。如：

hard—harder—hardestfast—faster—fastestearly—earlier—earliest16原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,ill,badlyworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther,furtherfarthest,furthestoldolder,elderoldest,eldest3.几个特殊的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级17二、形容词和副词原级的常见句型1.as＋形容词/副词＋as如:Heisastallashisfather.HespeaksEnglishasfluentlyasanEnglishman.注意:在否定句或疑问句中可用so...as,即notas/so...as。如:Hecan’trunso/asfastasyou.It’s

notas/sowarmasyesterday.182.“as＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数名词＋as”或“as＋many/much＋名词＋as”。如:Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan.Thereareasmanystudentsinyourclassasinours.19三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的常见句型1.more＋原级/名词＋than＋原级/名词,意为“与其说是……不如说是……”。如:Heismorediligentthanclever.2.“比较级＋and＋比较级”和“moreandmore＋多音节词原级”,表示程度递增。这种结构后不可接than引导的从句。如:Thingsaregettingbetterandbetter.Sheplaysthepianomoreandmorebeautifully.20注意:

frombadtoworse/worseandworse越来越糟

makemattersworse/whatwasworse/worsethanall/worsethanever更糟的是如:Thingsaregettingfrombadtoworse/worseandworse.ThecarbrokedownwhenIwasdrivinghomefromwork,andtomakemattersworseitwaspouringwithrain.21anyother+单数名词all(the)other+复数名词anyoneelseanyoftheother+复数名词therestof+复数名词或不可数名词比较级＋than＋3.如果比较对象不能相互包容时,句型有:224.“the＋比较级,the＋比较级”表示两种情况同时变化。这个句型中的第一句相当于状语从句,不能用将来时态。如:

ThemoremedicineItake,theworseIseemtofeel.5.“no＋比较级＋than...”意为“都不”,是对两者的共同否定,侧重前者;“not＋比较级＋than...”意为“不及”,表示前者不如后者,隐含对两者的肯定,侧重后者。如:HeisnotallerthanI.Myhandwritingisnotbetterthanyours.236.“the＋比较级＋ofthetwo(＋名词)”,表示“两者中较……的一个”。如:

Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.7.the＋最高级＋of/in＋比较范围最高级表示在一定范围内某事物或某人在性质、高低或大小等方面程度最高或最低。“……之中最……”,用于三者或三者以上的比较。同类范畴用of,不同类用in。

Hetalks(the)leastanddoes(the)mostinhisclass.Heisthefastestrunnerofthethreeboys.248.not/never＋比较级“最……不过”。在比较级前加上否定意义的词,表达最高级的含义。如:Hisworkcouldn’tbeworse.Hehasneverspentamoreworryingday.259.“nothing/nobody...＋比较级＋than”意为“没有……更/最”。如:

Nothingisbetterthanahotdrinkonacoldwinterday.26四、形容词和副词的比较等级的修饰语1.almost,exactly,half,just,nearly,quite,twice,threetimes,athirdtime等用于原级之前,表示程度。如:Heisalmostastallashisbrother.Thislineistwiceaslongasthatone.272.abit,alittle,rather,any,much/many,far,agreat/gooddeal,alot,still,even等用于比较级之前,表示确定的程度。分数或有关长度、时间、重量等名词短语通常放在比较级前,也可由by引出而置于比较级之后。如:It’salittlecoldertodaythanitwasyesterday.Thisshirtismuchmoreexpensivethanthatone.Heistwoyearsolderthanme.

＝Heisolderthanmebytwoyears.28注意:①修饰可数名词的比较级不用much,而用many,如manymorebooks;修饰不可数名词的比较级用much,如muchmorework,“更多的工作”;muchmorenecessary,“更有必要”。②除quitebetter外,quite不可修饰比较级。293.byfar,much,thefirst/second用于形容词的最高级前。如:TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.Thisisbyfarthebest.Thisismuchthemostimportant.30五、比较级相关习语1.morethanmorethan＋数词多于,超过

morethan＋名词不仅仅是

morethan＋形容词非常,很

morethan＋含有情态动词的从句超过了……的范围

moreAthanB

与其说……倒不如说……2.nomorethan(＝only)仅仅,只有3.notmorethan(＝atmost)不超过,至多31lessthan不到……,少于……nolessthan(＝asmuchas)多达,不少于notlessthan(＝atleast)至少moreorless(＝almost,nearly,about)

基本上,差不多;或多或少soonerorlater迟早,早晚,总有一天what‘smore而且,此外nosooner...than...一……就……32考点归纳33

近几年高考对形容词、副词的考查以形容词、副词的词义辨析为主，其次是它们的搭配、比较等级以及表示衔接手段和表示频率、方式、程度等副词的用法。34一、考查形容词、副词词义辨析

解这类题时,首先要弄清楚各选项词义,然后再去理解题意,最后结合题意选出符合语境的选项。

Withonlineshoppingincreasinglypopular,theInternetisseenasa(n)_____wayofreachingtargetcustomers.(福建2014)A.temporaryB.complexC.accurateD.efficient352.HardlyhadSabrinafinishedherwordswhenAlbertsaid_____,“Don'tbesomean,”pointingafingerofwarningather.(湖北2014)A.dreadfullyB.guiltilyC.indirectlyD.sharply36二、考查形容词、副词的搭配

做这类题时,要辨别清楚每个选项在词义和搭配上的细微差别。

Itmaynotbeagreatsuggestion.Butbefore_____isputforward,we'llmakedowithit.(2013新课标)A.agoodoneB.abetteroneC.thebestoneD.abestone37三、考查形容词、副词的比较等级

1.比较级与最高级

一般情况下，题干中没有明显的比较等级形式。做这类题时，首先看选项，如果选项中有比较等级，就挖掘题干的深层含义，判断其中是否需要使用比较等级的某种具体形式。38Nexttobiology,Ilikephysics_____.(2012大纲全国卷Ⅱ)A.betterB.bestC.thebetterD.verywell39四、考查表示衔接手段的副词

首先要理解前后两个分句或句子的意思，然后再选择相应的副词。常见的表示衔接手段的副词:however,otherwise,though,nevertheless,instead,besides,meanwhile,therefore,thus,yet,afterwards,eventually等。40Whataterribleexperience!_____,you’resafenow—that'sthemainthing.(江西2013)A.AnywayB.BesidesC.OtherwiseD.Therefore41五、考查表示频率、方式、程度等的副词

要分清每个词的一般用法和特殊用法，而且要特别注意具体的语境。1.表示频率的副词，如occasionally,sometimes,seldom,never,regularly,usually,rarely等。2.表示方式的副词,如anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,angrily,happily,slowly等。3.表示程度的副词，如so,very,too,rather,fairly,pretty,enough,quite等。42Theaimofeducationistoteachyoungpeopletothinkforthemselvesandnotfollowothers_____.(浙江2014)A.blindlyB.unwillinglyC.closelyD.carefully43真题再现441.Joeisproudand_____,neveradmittingheiswrongandalwayslookingforsomeoneelsetoblame.(浙江2014)A.strictB.sympatheticC.stubbornD.sensitive452.Ican’tmeetyouonSunday.I’llbe_____occupied.(江苏2014)A.alsoB.justC.neverthelessD.otherwise463.Thanksforyourdirectionstothehouse;wewouldn’thavefoundit_____.(江西2014)A.nowhereB.howeverC.otherwiseD.instead474.Thereareasmallnumberofpeopleinvolved,possibly_____twenty.(江西2013)A.asfewasB.aslittleasC.asmanyasD.asmuchas485.Insteadofblamingthechildwhohadbrokenthevase,shegavehima_____smileandlethimgo.(湖北2014)A.cautiousB.gratefulC.tolerantD.wild49巩固练习50I.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Itis__________(reason)toassumethatheknewbeforehandthatthiswouldhappen.2.Successdoesn’tonlydependonwhatyoudo.Whatyoudon’tdois_______(equal)important.3.Oncepeoplehaveseenthatsomethingactuallyworks,theyaremuchmore_____(like)toacceptchange.reasonableequallylikely514.I______(mere)suggestedyoushoulddoitagain.There'snoneedtogetannoyed.5.Theriverwassopollutedthatit_______(actual)caughtfireandburned.6.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris_______(clean)thanever.merelyactuallycleaner52II.根据汉语提示补全句子（每空一词）。WhenIlookedbackontheearlydaysofourschooling,IwonderedhowIhadmanagedwith________________(那么少的钱).2.Theoldwomanhadsome__________________________(美丽的小红玫瑰花)inhergarden.solittlemoneybeautifullittleredroses533.Whateverthecircumstances,parentsaresupposedtoknow_______________________________(怎么做最好).4.Thewingsofthemodelplaneare__________________________(……长度的两倍多)ofitsbody.whattodo