高三英语语法-动词时态复习

高三英语语法-动词时态复习在英语中，通过不同的时态，表示或区别在不同时间发生的动作或出现的情况，要准确地使用不同的时态，关键要弄清各种时态的定义和用法。在近年英语高考命题中对时态的考查是一个重点，所考查的主要是一般过去时，现在完成时，现在进行时，过去进行时。一、一般现在时基本用法：1.表示包括现在时刻在内整个阶段经常性和习惯性动作Thebankopensat8:00amonweekdays.HoweverbusyIam,Iwritetomymotherregularly.表示人或物基本特征，特性及目前的状态NowIambusy;Ican'tsparetimeforaholiday.Thatstreetisinbadcondition,andsmellsterrible.表示客观真理，科学事实，格言及没有时限的客观存在Knowledgeisstrength.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.JapanliestotheeastofChina.选择：1.1ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven'thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play2.2.CanIhelpyou,sir?Yes,Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butitA.didn'tworkB.won'tworkC.can'tworkD.doesn'twork答案为D。乒乓球打得出色是一个的基本能力和特征，因此要用一般现在时。答案为D。收音机不响，反应的是收音机目前的工作状况，故用一般现在时。改错：1.Makesurethatyouwillpickmeupafterwork.I'IIseetoitthatIwillreturnthereferencebookontime.答案：1）willpicktpick2）willreturn宀return在seetoitthat…和makesurethat-•句型中，从句动词用一般时，表示将来时。二、一般过去时基本用法：1.表示在一个特定的过去时间，发生的事件或人或物的客观情况。该时态常跟一个表示过去时间的状语连用。女口：yesterday,thenightbefore（前天晚上），once（曾经），theotherday=afewdaysago,justnow=amomentag（刚才）Igottoknowhimtwoyearsago.Hewasseriouslyilllastweek.2.也可表示过去经常性或重复发生的动作或情况。Asachild,Iwouldgotoseaalongwithmyfather.Chinaisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe.情态动词woulddo可表示过去习惯性动作；usedtobe/do可表示过去习惯性动作或状态。选择：1.Yourtelephonenumberagain?Iquitecatchit.——It's9568422.A.didn'tB.couldn'tC.don'tD.can'tWecouldhavewalkedtothestation,itwassonear.Yes.Ataxiatallnecessary.A.wasn'tB.hadn'tbeenC.wouldn'tD.won'tComeonit,Peter.Iwanttoshowyousomething.Oh,howniceofyou!Iyoutobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didn'tthinkweregoingD.hadn'tthoughtweregoing简析：1.答案A。“没听清楚”发生在对方当时报电话号码那个过去时刻，故用一般过去时。2.答案A。根据对话的情景可知，甲乙双方都在谈论过去发生的事情。甲方用虚拟语气，责备自己当时未能步行去车站，乙方强调当时乘出租车没有必要，故用一般过去时。答案B。思维动词think,know,expect等，时态使用的原则是：表示现在的看法、知晓用一般现在时；表示过去的看法、知晓，而这种思维活动现在已不复存在，用一般过去时。根据对话可知，乙方没想到‘“甲方会给他带来礼物”，发生在未见到礼物之前。一旦见到礼物，这种想法即刻消失，故think应用一般过去时。答案B比C语气强，更符合对话的情景，因此B为最佳选项。在以下句型中，必须用一般过去时表示将来发生的动作：Itis(high/about)time(that)youwentbed.你该去睡觉了。Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow.我倒希望他们明天来。二、现在完成时表达形式：主动语态have/hasdone;被动语态have/hasbeendone基本用法：表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个过去时刻，到说话时已完成，并与现在的情况有联系。Ihaveturnedontheelectricheater(电热器)intheroom.(Iturnedontheelectricheater,andtheroomisgettingwarmnow.Hehastakenawaymyrefereneebook.(Hetookawaymyreferencebook,andnowIcan)'tuseit.选择：Theprice,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.A.wentdownB.willgodownC.hasgonedownD.wasgoingdown答案为C。作者对今后物价是否能继续走低，心怀疑虑，而他此时的心态是由物价下跌这一动作引发的，故用现在进行时。2）表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在。可能刚结束，也可能继续下去。起点NowHehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.Wehavehadpientyofrainheresincewepartedlastmonth.自上个月我们分手以来，这里下了很多雨。表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻持续到现在的时间状语还有inthepast（last）fewyears,eversince,sofar,uptothepresent直至U现在）,untilnow,inrecentyears等。选择：Howareyoutoday?Oh,IasillasIdonowforalongtime.A.didn'tfeelB.wasn‘fteelingC.don'tfeelD.haven'tfelt答案为D。译：我很长时间没有象今天这样周身不适。本句的实质是：今天我身体状况最差，而这以前情况基本正常，即notfeelill。这种正常身体状况从过去延续到今天截止。故应用现在完成时。关于现在完成时，请注意以下三点：1）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时表示的动作或状态或与在有联系，它强调的是对现在的影响。一般过去时表示的动作或状态已成为历史，不复存在，与现在无关系。HehasworkedinParisfortwoyears.（现在人仍在巴黎。）HeworkedinParisfortwoyears.（现在人已不在巴黎。）2）可用句型Itis+（一段时间）+since（主语）+（动词的过去时），解决瞬间动词不能与一段时间连用的矛盾。如：ItistenyearssinceheleftShanghai.ItisabouttwoyearssinceIgotmarriedtoJane.3）下列句型的分句中动词用现在完成时。如：Itisthefirst（序数词）time（that）IhavevisitedChina.我是我第一次访问中国。Thisisthemostbeautiful（形容词最高级）citythatIhaveeverseen这是我见过的最美丽的城市。四、过去完成时1.表达形式主动语态haddone;被动语态hadbeendone2.基本用法1）在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已完成的动作。haddoneNow例：Hesaidthathehadarrivedthreedaysbefore.2）动作或状态在过去某一时间之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。例:Bythetimehecamewehadworkedfortwohours.Jhaddone1►Now例1:Marycamebackyesterday.Whereshe?A.had;beenB.did;goC.has;beenD.had;gone答案为A。乙方要问的是“在昨天之前，她去过哪里”，属过去的过去。故应用过去完成时。例2:Untilthen,hisfamilyfromhimfortwomonths.A.didn'thearB.hasn'theardC.hadn'theardD.heardnothing译：到那个时候，他家人已有两个月没有收到他的来信。答案为C。“未收到来信”这种情况持续到那个时候，而不是现在。根据过去完成时的第二种用法，应用过去完成时。例3:用正确时态填空I(mean)togoonMonday,butIhavestayedattheirrequest.答案为hadmean。动词hope,wish,intend,mean,want,expec等,其过去完成时可表示“过去未曾实现的希望，打算或意图”。五、现在进行时表达形式：主动形式：am/is/aredoing被动形式am/is/arebeingdone基本用法表示此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。Thestudentsarepreparingfortheentranceexamatpresent.表示目前的变化、发展和进展过程，需要用现在进行时。Selectingamobilephoneforperponaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnologyischangingsorapidly.请注意以下两点：现在进行时与一般现在时的区别：一般现在时表示的动作，其特征为经常性；现在进行时表示的动作，其特征具有暂时性。经常性与暂时性是区分这两种时态的主要尺度。例:Isthisraincoatyours?No,minetherebehindthedoor.A.ishangingB.hashungC.hangsD.hung答案为A。这段对话大多发生在下班，会议或社交活动结束后，人们各自找自己的雨具这样的场合。“雨衣挂在门后”是临时性的，故用现在进行时。进行时与always,continually,constantly,forever等畐U词连用，作为一种修辞手段，用于表达赞扬、不满、抱怨等情绪。Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.他总是为别人着想。（赞扬）Atschoolhewasconstantlyplayingtrickonothers.在校读书时，他老是捉弄人。（厌恶）六、过去进行时1.表达形式主动态：was/weredoing；被动形式：was/werebeingdone2.基本用法用于表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。IwasmakingaIong-distaneecalltomynearrelativebeforeyouarrived.Inthoseyearswewerehavingahardtime.例:1.Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!Oh,I'mterriblysorry..A.I'mnotnoticingB.Iwasn'tnoticingC.Ihaven'tnoticedD.Idon'tnotice2.Tomintothehousewhennoone.A.slipped;waslookingB.hadslipped;lookedC.slipped;hadlookedD.wasslipped;looked1.答案为B。“走路时心不在焉，不注意前进方向”，发生在甲方责备他之前那段已过去的时间里。故应用过去进行时。2.译文：汤姆乘着没有人注意，溜进房屋。答案为A。when,while,as引导的时间状语从句，若主句动作与从句动作同时进行，且一

长一短。那么持续时间长的动作用进行时，持续短的动作用一般………时。本题中“溜slip”发生在没有人注视这一过程中，“溜slip”为短动作，故用一般过去时，而watch“注视”持续时间长，应用过去进行时。七、一般将来时基本用法表示将来或即将发生的动作表达形式主动形式：shall/willdo;shall/willbedoing被动形式：shall/willbedoneshall用于第一人称，will用于所有人称Iwon'tbefreetonight.Iwillbewaitingforyououtsideafterschool.一般将来时其他表达形式如下：1）am/is/aregoingtodo用于表示a）预先打算做某事。b）有迹象表明即将发生的动作。WearegoingtovisittheGreatWallatweekends.Listentotheloudcrashofthunder.It's听（那震环的雷.声，天就要下雨了。2）am/is/aretodo用于表示按计划、安排要进行的动作Themeetingistobeheldtomorrow.注1:该结构也可当情态动词用，表示“命令”、“可能”Youaretobebackby9o'Youaretobebackby9o'clockatth你必须最迟在9点之前回家Thiskindofbookisnowheretobebought.=Thiskindofbookcan'tbeboughtanywhere.注2：用在if条件句中，表示“想”。Ifwearetobethereintime,we'llhavetohurryup.beabouttodo用于表达某动作马上要发生Bequick!FlightNo.302toTokyoisabouttotakeoff.改错：Allentionplease!Theconcertisabouttostartinfiveminutes.删去infiveminutes。beabouttodo不能与具体时间状语连用。转移动词go,come,start,leave,arrive,return,sai等以及win,lose,die可用进行时表示将来时。TheshipissailingforShanghaitomorrow.Itseemstomethatourteamislosing.八、过去将来时1．基本用法表示在过去某一时刻尚未发生的动作或存在的状态。2．表达形式主动语态：should/woulddo被动语态：should/wouldbedoneIneverimaginedthathewouldbecomeadoctor.IpromisedmybossthatIwouldfinishthisworkbytheendofthismonth.一般将来时的其他表达形式，也适用于过去将来时Ifeltthatsomethingterriblewasabouttohappen.when,once,until,assoonas等引导的时间状语从句if,unless,solongas等引导的条件状语从句evenif,though,whenever,whether…or（不管…还是…）等引导的让步状语从句若从句动作未发生，应用一般时表示将来时。Iwillletyouknowifhecomesback.Hesaidthathewouldn'tloseheartevfeailetheWhateverhappens,dobecalm.九、被动语态定义：若主语是谓语动作的承受者，即主谓语为被动关系，则谓语动词应用被动形式。Thequestionisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.Fulltimeshouldbemadeuseoftospeedupsocialistconstruction.必须充分利用时间加速社会主义建设。①下列情况不能用被动语态：a.不及物动词及不及物性的短语动词，如happen,appear,disappear,breakout,takeplace等b.状态动词或系动词。例:ThereisnodoubtthatTaiwanisbelongedtoChina.（错）Hisheadisfelthot.（错）Thisplanwasprovedpractical.（错）②下列情况用主动形式表示被动意义：表示事物的名词作主语，谓语表示该事物的特征。例:Thisbooksellswell.Thisclothwasheswell.动词前有情态动词won't,wouldn，表示该动作难以实现。例：Thedoorwon'topen这扇门就是关不起来。Theenginewouldn'tstattbismorning.今天上午这马达怎么也发动不起来。动词时态练习一、经典高考考题重现。（04全国卷）Mymindwasn'tonwhathewassayingsormafraidIhalfofit.A.wasmissingB.hadmissedC.willmissD.missed（04浙江卷）Thediscussionalivewhenaninterestingtopicwasbroughtin.A.wascomingA.wascomingB.hadcomeC.hascomeD.came（04福建卷）Shehassetanewrecord,thatis,thesalesofherlatestbook50million.A.havereachedB.hasreachedC.arereachingD.hadreached（04江苏卷）Morepatientsinhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreated（04湖北卷）Hekeptlookingather,wonderingwhetherhehersomewhere.A.sawB.hasseenC.seesD.hadseen（04浙江卷）Becausetheshop,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.A.hascloseddownB.closeddownC.isclosingdownD.hadcloseddown（04北京春季）—Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.—WherewasI?—Youyoudidn'tlikeyourfather'sjob.A.hadsaidB.saidC.weresayingD.hadbeensaying（04湖南卷）Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyouadvertisementsshowinghappyfamilies.A.willoftenseeB.oftenseeC.areoftenseeingD.haveoftenseen（04北京卷）Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucygoingbacktoschool,butshehasn'tdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider（04北京卷）ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics__by2006.A.hasbeencompletedB.hascompletedwillhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompleted1-5DDADD6-10CCABC二、提高练习。1.---1thoughtyouwereproudoftheworkL---1'mafraidnot.You'dbetterchangeitforanother.A.doB.haddoneC.didwould

---Sorry,Joe,Ididn'tmeanto…---Don'tcallme“Joe”.I'mMr.Parkertoyou,andyouforgetit!TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.doB.didn'tC.didD.don'tNobodycouldhaveguessed,20yearsago,theimportantplaceinChinesehistorythatShenzhen.A.washavingB.wastohaveC.hadhadD.hadTheplaneoverthelandingfieldfortwentyminuteswhenthepilotwastoldthatheshouldusetheEastsideField.A.hadbeencirclingB.iscirclingC.wascirclingD.hadcircled---Whataboutthesituationthere?---Oh,itasseriousasitdoesnowforalongtime.A.didn'iookB.wasn'tookingC.doesn'iookD.hasn'tlooked---Why!Where'smypaport?MaybeIleftitontheplane.---MyGoodness!Youthingsbehind!A.hadneverleftB.didn'leaveC.neverleftD.haven'tleftDoctorsandmedicalsuppliestothesceneoftheaccidentafterthetraincrash.A.hadbeenrushedB.wererushedC.wererushingD.rushedAllmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousnessA.hasgrownhadgrown---Theformerpresidentwascaughtathimself?A.hadhehiddenB.B.isgrowingC.last.hasgrew—Really?heD.WherehiddennervousnessA.hasgrownhadgrown---Theformerpresidentwascaughtathimself?A.hadhehiddenB.B.isgrowingC.last.hasgrew—Really?heD.WherehiddenC.washehiddenD.hashebeenhidingAfteratsunamihitSoutheastandSouthAsialastmonth,upto150,000andthousandsmoreA.werekilled;arestillunknownwerestillunknownC.arekilled;arestillunknownstillunknownWhydon'tyouputthemeatfreshforseveraldays.A.bestayedB.staystayedB.havebeenkilled;D.hadbeenkilled;inthefridge?ItC.bestayingD.werewillhaveYouthingsabout.Look,whatamessinyourroom!A.alwaysthrowB.havealwaysthrownC.arealwaysthrowingD.havealwaysbeenthrowingPlantmoretreesinthisarea,otherwisewefromsandstorms.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.oftensufferB.willoftensufferC.isoftensufferD.willoftenbesuffered---Henry,thephoneisringing.Doyouwantmetogo---No,si?still..A.I'llgetitB.IamtogetitC.I'mgettingitD.Iamgoingtogetit.Thearticlesuggeststhatwhenapersonunderunusualstressheshouldbeespeciallycarefultohaveawel—balaneeddiet.A.beB.isC.wereD.wasThepricesofagriculturalproductswhilethoseofindustrialproductsonlyalittle.A.aregoingup;havebeenbroughtdownB.havegoneup;arebeingbroughtdownC.arebeinggoneup;hasbroughtdownD.havebeengoneup;arebringingdown---1thoughtyoumighthavegotdrunk.---Yes,I.A.haveB.hadC.diddoD.mighthaveWeplantoreachtheNorthPoleinmid-July,andbythenweforsixweeks.A.arewalkingB.havebeenwalkingC.willbewalkingD.willhavebeenwalkingHowcanyoupossiblymissthenews?ItonTValldaylong.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbeIdon'understandhowyougotaticket.Ialwaysyouacarefuldriver.A.think…areB.amthinking…areC.thought…wereD.think…were---Whydidyoucomebytaxi?---MybikebrokedownlastnightandIitrepaired.A.didn'thaveB.don'thaveC.won'thaveD.haven'thad--