高三英语语法-形容词和副词复习

高三英语语法-形容词和副词复习第一节形容词和副词的作用形容词的作用作定语Thepresentmarketshavetakenanewlook目前市场一派新气象。作系动词的表语Theirperformancewasexcellent.Helooksupset.Thistextseemsdifficult.Heissaidtohavegonemad.作宾语补足语Wholeftthedooropen?谁没有关门？Somethingmustbedonetomakethewastewaterclean.作伴随状况Hewaitedoutside,coldandhungry.Hissonreturnedhome,safeandsound.安然无恙)形容词作定语的位置形容词作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之前。若出现多个形容词，排列顺序为：冠词一一序数词一一数量词一一描绘性形容词Ispentthelastfewsunnydaysattheseaside.描绘性形容词一一大小一一长短一一新旧一一国籍一一材料buildafinenewstonebridgeHeisafamousAmericanwriter.buildafinenewstonebridgeHeisafamousAmericanwriter.2）下列三种情况定语后置a）短语Hewastheonlypersonawakeatthemoment.b）修饰不定代词Ifanythingunusualhappens,letmeknow.c）“a”开头的形容词Heisthegreatestartistalivetoday.他是在世最伟大的艺术家。Timealonewillshowwhowasright.（timealone=onlytime）只有时间能证明到底谁正确。副词的作用主要用作状语，修饰动词，形容词，副词，介词短语和整个句子Isimplycan'atcceptyourpresents.（修饰动词）我无论如何不能接受你的礼物。I'rterriblysorrytointerruptyou.Thecarsarerunningatmuchthesamespeed.（修饰形容词）Thisarticleistranslatedquitewell.（修饰畐U词）Shelooksexactlylikehermother.（修饰介词短语）Luckily,Iescapedbeingkilledbyapassingcar.（修饰全句）改错1）Howdidyoufindhislecture?ABVerywell.Itcouldn'an^better.CD2）HowdifferentthepeopletherespeakEnglishfromusThevastmajorityofpeoplewerestrongagainstthedecision.ABCDItistooahotdaytoday.Icanstandttheburningair.ABCDCwellfgoodwell表示“好”是副词，当形容词用时表示“健康”Bdifferentfdifferently,它修饰动词speakBstrongfstrongly,它修饰介词短语againstthedecisionBahotfhotatoo通常修饰形容词和副词。too也可修饰单数可数名词，表达方式：too+adj.+a+n。类似词有as,so禾口how。Heissogoodaboythatwealllikehim.Howgoodaboyheis!请注意关于too的一些特殊表达：cannot…too…再…也不为过onlytoo=very非常Youcan'ttoocarefulwhencrossingthestre横越马路后，越小心越好。I'monlytoopleasedtobeabletogohom能.回至U家，我真高兴。too可以有以下程度状语1)Youspeakabit/alittle/rathertoofast你讲话有点快。2)Theseshoesarefar/muchtoobigform这双鞋我穿太大了。几组副词的比较：very,much二者均为程度副词，very修饰形容词或副词；much修饰“a”开头的形容词，过去分词或非谓语动词。例如：verygood/exciting/limited.(以习惯上被用作形容词的过去分词)Hewas(very)muchafraid.Ienjoyedthefilm(very)much.already,yet,stillalready用在肯定句，表示某事已经发生；yet用于否定句和疑问句中，表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行。例如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmywork.Hehasn'tcomebackyet.Hasshefallenasleepyet?译：1)KeepstillwhenItakeapicture.2)Itisraininghard;still,wemustgoout.3．almost,nearlyalmost比nearly更接近某状况。例如：It'salmost12o'clock.(11:55)It'snearly12o'clock.(11:45)almost多与nobody,nothing,no,none,never连用。例如：Ialmostneverseehim.

notnearly为固定用法，含义为“远非”。例如：It'snotnearlyeasy.4．quite,rather,fairly1)quite和rather修饰名词时在a之前。而fairly在a之后。例如：Wehadquiteaparty.It'safairlyinterestingfilm.但如果有形容词和rather一起修饰名词时，放在a的前后均可，例如：Theyareratherastrong(aratherstrong)team.2)rather通常修饰贬义词和不喜欢的词，而fairly通常修饰褒义词或喜好的词。例如：Thequestionisratherdifficult.Thecityisfairlyclean.第二节形容词和副词的比较结构英语中的形容词和副词可以划分为三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。原级youngexcellent比较级高级。原级youngexcellent比较级youngermoreexcellent最高级youngestmostexcellent形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成方法单音节词及以“er”，“le”，“ow”，“辅音字母+y”收尾的双

音节词，在词尾加er或est构成比较级和最高级quick—quicker—quickestlarge—larger—largestthin—thinner—thinnestclever—cleverer—cleverestsimple—simpler—simplestnarrow—narrower—narrowesthappy—happier—happiest2）其他双音节词及多音节词，在词加more或most构成比较级和最咼级famous—morefamous—mostfamousbeautiful—morebeautiful—mostbeautiful3）英语中有一部分形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,如下表所示：原级比较级最高级farfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestgood,wellbetterbestbadbadly,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelesslestoldolderoldesteldereldest注："farther,further均可表示距离上“更远”；但表示程度上“进一步”,用further。I'mtootiredtogoanyfarther/further.Wemustlookintothematterfurther.我们必须进一步调查此事。Ihavenothingfurthertosay.我再没什么可说的了。注：2)elder/eldest指家庭成员的长幼关系，作前置定语。older/oldest表示年龄大小关系，可作定语也可作表语。Myeldestsisterisgoingtogetmarried.我大姐要结婚了。Myeldersisteristenyearsolderthanmyyoungerbrother.我姐姐比我弟弟大十岁。Heistheoldestteacherofus.我是我们中最年长的老师。第三节形容词和副词的比较结构1.表示A与B一样肯定形式1)S+V+asadj/adv(原级)as2)S+V+asadj+a+n(单数)asS+V+asmany/much/few/little+n+其他成份asThisriverisaslongasthatone=Theriveristhelengthofthatone.PeterisaslovelyaboyasTom.=PeterisaboyaslovelyasTom.IwillofferyouasmuchhelpasIcan.Trytomakeasfewmistakesaspossible.否定形式notas/so…asThismoviewasnotsogoodasIhadexpected.haven'tseenasoldacarasthisforyears.以上结构中，第二as为连词，连接比较的一方。第一个as为副词，可在其前加上多种程度状语。EnglishisnotnearlyaseasyasIimaged.英语远没有我当初想象的那么容易。（notnearly远非）Wehaveproduced70%/twiceasmuchcottonthisyearaswedidlastyear.今年我们生产的棉花是去年的70%/两倍多。.表示A超过B表达形式S+Vadj/adv（比较级）thanThistextismoredifficulttounderstandthanthatone.Workmeansmoretomethananything.对我来说，工作比任何东西都重要。Itisrainingmoreheavilythanever.雨下得比以往任何时间都大。比较级前可加上多种程度状语（多得多）much/far/alot/agreatdeal（更）even/stillIspend（一点）abit/alittle/rather/slightlymoretimeonEnglishthanbefore.（两倍）twice（半小时）halfanhour※在否定句和疑问句中，比较级程度状语用※在否定句和疑问句中，比较级程度状语用anyanyfart'etrgoanyfart'etrgo※注：两者比较，形容词比较级前面不用冠词“the”，但句中带有“of+比较范围”这一结构，则要在比较前加“the”Heistheclevererofustwo.Whichisthecheaperofthetwo表示越…越…表达形式1）theadj/adv（比较级）S+V2）theadj（比较级）+nS+VThesooner,thebetter.越早越好。Thelesssheworried,thebettersheworked她越不担忧，工作效果越好。Theharderyoustudy,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.表示“最”三者或三者以上的人或事物之间进行比较，用形容词或副词最高级表达形式：S+V+adj/adv（最高级）+比较范围Heisthebeststudentinourclass在某一范围或区域内比较用in）Hedidtheexperiment（the）mostcarefullyof/amongallofus.（在与主语同类的人或物中比较用of或among）（副词最高级前the，可省略）ThisisthemostbeautifulcitythatIhaveevervisited.注：most作“非常”解时，其前不用the，但可用a。Thiscityismostbeautiful.Heisamostskilleddriver.表示“最”的概念还有以下方式adj./adv.(比较级)+thananyother■单数名词/theothers…否定词(never,nothing等)+比较级…否定词…+so…asShespeaksEnglishmorefluentlythananyotherstudentinourclass.NoothercountryinEuropewentthroughmorewarsthanEngland.=EnglandwentthroughthemostwarinEurope.在欧洲没有一个国家比英国经历的战争多。Itcan'tbeworse.=ItistheworstthingIhaveeverknown.Chinahasneverbeensopowerfulasitistoday.中国从来没有象今天这样强大。需了解的几种特殊表达方式Ano+adj/adv比较级thanBA、B与形容词或畐U词性质相反Youarenomorestupidthanhe.=Youareascleverashe.ThedishtastesnoworsethanIexpected.=ThedishtastesasgoodasIexpected.这道菜的味道和我当初估计的一样好。asmuch+名词as表示双方在程度上一样Hehasasmuchinterestinpoliticsasinart.他对政治与艺术同样感兴趣选择：Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisitisascienee.A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas（答案D，本题为句型（2）的具体运用）3）notsomuchA_asB=moreBthanAA、B同结构，译“与其说A不如说B”Heisnotsomuchanovelistasacritic.与其说他是小说家，不如说他是评论家。Shewasmoresadthanangrywhenhersonliedagain.当他儿子再次说谎时，与其他说愤怒不如说他悲伤。A.ahighhighest4．totakethisadventurecourseA.ahighhighest4．totakethisadventurecourseskills.BraveenoughstudentsStudentsbraveenough5.ImustbegettingfatIcanwillcertainlylearnalotofusefulEnoughbravestudentsD.Studentsenoughbrave_domytrousersup.形容词与副词练习Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwastocarryallthewayhome.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch—I'mverywithmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.—Mm,itdoeshaveasmell.pleasant;pleasedB.pleased;pleasedC.pleasant;pleasantD.pleased;pleasantBorishasbrains.Inface,IdoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshasIQ.ahigherC.thehigherD.theA.fairlyhardlyC.nearlyD.seldomA.fairlyHediditittookme.A.one-thirdatimeB.one-thirdtimeC.theone-thirdtimeD.one-thirdthetimeComeandseemewhenever.A.youareconvenientB.youwillbeconvenientitisconvenienttoyouD.itwillbeconvenienttoyouIwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.Youcanneverbecarefulinthestreet.A.muchB.veryC.soD.tooWeareinwhenweleftthatweforgottheairlinetickets.A.arushsoanxiousB.asuchsoanxiousrushsoananxiousrushD.suchananxiousrushProfessorWhitehaswrittensomeshortstories,butheisknownforhisplays.A.thebestB.moreC.betterD.themostThemeansofgettingformplacetoplaceinthecityisthebus.A.mostcommonlyusefulpublicB.mostcommonlypublicsuedC.publicusedmorecommonlyD.mostcommonlyusedpublicMybrotherwasstillstudyingintothenightwhileIwas

awake.A.late;soundB.lately;wideC.deeply;farD.far;lateItwaspossibleforhertogetthe9o'clocktrain.Iknowgotupat9:15.A.quiteB.veryC.tooD.muchWhatdoesthemodelplanelooklike?Well,thewingsoftheplaneareofitsbody.A.morethanthelengthtwiceB.twicemorethanthelengthC.morethantwicethelengthD.moretwicethanthelengthWaituntilwegetasatisfactoryreply,willyou?Icouldn'tagree._Theideasoundsgreattome.A.muchB.worseC.moreD.atallIthinkthisexhibitionis___Ithinkthisexhibitionis___exhibition.A.byfarbetter;thebetterC.byfarthebetter;abetterCrowdsofpeoplewereturnedA.outB.toofthetwo.Ihaveneverseenfarbetter;abetterfarthebetter;abetterforlackofroom.onD.awayBroadlyspeaking,IwouldagreewithShirley,thoughnotD.A.widelyB.thoroughlyC.entirelyextensivelyD.Qualitiesofpreciousjewelryfoundburiedintheearth.A.was;deeplyB.were;deeplyC.was;deepD.were;deepForsomepeople,travelingabroadisthethingtheyenjoymostinlife;forothers,,culturaldifferencesmakethemfeeluncomfortable.A.fortunatelyB.evenworseC.what'smoreD.thoughDoyoureallywanttogoout?Itmayrain.,Ishallgoout;Idon'tmindtherain.A.anywayB.otherwiseC.nowthatD.orelseHowdoyoulikethefilm?Therewasnothingspecialitwasonly.A.averageB.usu