2022年6月大学英语六级考试真题全三套含答案解析(打印版)

2022年06月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththe

sentence"Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplechoosetoliveanenvironmentallyfriendly

lifestyle.MYoucanmakecomments,citeexamples,oruseyourpersonalexperiencestodevelop

youressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordshutnomorethan200words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeach

conversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1with

asinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Heisastaffwriter.C)Heisanauthoroffiction.

B)Heisanadventurer.D)Heisafatheroffourkids.

2.A)Theyareinterestedinfairytales.C)Theyareaheadachetotheirparents.

B)Theyarecuriousandautonomous.D)Theyareignorantofpolitics.

3.A)Heoffersthemampleeditorialguidance.C)Hegivesthemencouragement.

B)Herecommendsmodelessaystothem.D)Heteachesthemproofreading.

4.A)Hertastesinbookschanged.

B)Sherealizedthepowerofreading.

C)Herreadingopenedhereyestotheworld.

D)Shebegantoperceivetheworlddifferently.

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Sheisawebsitedesigner.C)Sheisamainstreetstoreowner.

B)Sheisauniversitygraduate.D)Sheisasuccessfillentrepreneur.

6.A)Theywererepeatedlyrejectedbyshops.C)Theyshowedhernaturaltalent.

B)Theywerepopularwithherclassmates.D)Theyweremostlyfailures.

7.A)Shehadastronginterestindoingit.

B)Shedidnotlikeready-madeclothes.

C)Shecouldnotfindclothesofhersize.

D)Shefoundclothesinshopsunaffordable.

8.A)Studyfashiondesignatcollege.C)Adddesignsforwomen.

B)Improvehermarketingstrategy.D)Expandherbusiness.

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SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwill

hearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.After

youhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)

andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

9.A)Utilizingartificialintelligencetofindapowerfulnewantibiotic.

B)Discoveringbacteriawhichareresistanttoallknownantibiotics.

C)Identifyingbacterialstrainsthataremosthannfultohumanhealth.

D)Removingadeadlystrainofbacteriainhumanswithanewantibiotic.

10.A)Ever-increasingstrainsofbacteria.

B)Bacteria'sresistancetoantibiotics.

C)Thesimilaritybetweenknowndrugs.

D)Thegrowingthreatofbacteriatohealth.

11.A)Dispensewithexperimentaltesting.

B)Predictwhethercompoundsaretoxic.

C)Foreseehumanreactiontoantibiotics.

D)Combatbacteria'sresistancetoantibiotics.

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Bytheorization.C)Byobservation.

B)Bygeneralization.D)Byconversation.

13.A)Theyareeasytodetect.C)Theyaregroundless.

B)Theyarewellintended.D)Theyareharmless.

14.A)Mostlybychance.C)Subjecttotheirmentalalertness.

B)Basicallyobjective.D)Dependentontheiranalyticalability.

15.A)Lookingthespeakerintheeye.

B)Listeningcarefullytothespeaker.

C)Measuringthespeaker'sbreathingrate.

D)Focusingonthespeaker'sfacialexpressions.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythree

orfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Theydon'ttreatpatientswithduerespect.

B)Theywitnessalotofdoctor-patientconflicts.

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C)Theyhavetodealwithsocialworkers'strikes.

D)Theydon'tcarehowmuchpatientshavetopay.

17.A)Appearsubmissiveandgratefultodoctorsandnurses.

B)Expressastrongdesiretobeconsultedorinformed.

C)Refrainfromsayinganythingthatsoundsnegative.

D)Notedownthenamesofallthedoctorsandnurses.

18.A)Cooperative.C)Passive.

B)Appreciative.D)Responsive.

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Itsmembersworktogetherdespiterisksoffailure.

B)Itprioritizesrecruitingyoungenergeticmembers.

C)Itsmembersstayintouchevenafteritbreaksup.

D)Itgrowsmoreandmorematureprofessionally.

20.A)Theirdifferencesarelikelytoimpactproductivity.

B)Theirsimilarityisconducivetofuturecollaboration.

C)Theirconnectionsstrengthenwiththepassageoftime.

D)Theirmutualunderstandingstemsfromacommongoal.

21.A)Itischaracterizedbydiversity.

B)Itsgoalsarequiteinconsistent.

C)Itsmembershavesimilarbackgrounds.

D)Itisconnectedbyauniquemechanism.

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Puttingasidetwentypercentofone'searnings.

B)Spendinginanticipationofbecomingwealthy.

C)Livingoffasmallproportionofone'sincome.

D)Savingasmuchasonecanpossiblymanage.

23.A)Itempowersthemtocopewithirrationalemotions.

B)Itwillguaranteetheprofitsfromtheirinvestments.

C)Itwillturnthemintosuccessfiilfinancialplanners.

D)Itenablesthemtofocusonlong-terminvestments.

24.A)Theycountonotherstotaketheresponsibility.

B)Theychangetheirinvestmentstrategyintime.

C)Theythinktheythemselvesaretoblame.

D)Theypersistratherthangetdiscouraged.

25.A)Theydonotresistnovellifestyles.

B)Theydonottrytokeepupwithothers.

C)Theydonotcarewhattheyhaveacquired.

D)Theydonotpressurethemselvestogetrich.

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PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectone

wordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfallowingthepassage.Readthe

passagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedby

aletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasingle

linethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

ThecityofBathwasfoundedbytheRomansalmosttwothousandyearsago.Ithas

beenfamousforits26pleasingarchitectureandhealingthermalspringseversince.

TherearethreehotspringsinBath;oneistheKing'sSpring,uponwhichtheRoman

Bathsandatemplewere27.TheothertwoaretheCrossSpringandtheHetling

Spring,closetoeachotherinHotBathStreet.AlthoughBathis28knownasa

RomanandGeorgiancity,manypeoplecameintheinterveningcenturiestomakeuseof

the29waters.

WhiletheGeorgiansmade"takingthewaters'orbathingparticularlyfashionable,it

was30generationswhopavedtheway,creatinggreaterinterestinBathandits

springs.CharlesII,desperateforanheirandunabletoproducea31son,cameto

Bathtotakethewatersinthehopethattheirmagicalpowerswoulddosomethingto32

thesituation.Cravingforamaleheir,JamesandMarybothcametoBathandsoonafter

producedason,whichbredmanyconspiracytheoriesaboutwhowastherealfatheroftheir

33.Regardless,the'miracle'createdsomethingofaboomintourismforBathand

onceQueenAnnehadpaidavisitin1702,sealingitastheplacetobe,thewhole

nation34tothecity.

Afterwards,thesyras(矿泉疗养浴场)inBathcontinuedtogoinandoutoffashionfor

morethan150yearsuntiltheyclosedcompletely.ThenewBathSpa,whichopenedin2006,

35modemarchitecturewiththeancientspring,nowtheNewRoyalBath.

A)aestheticallyI)offspring

B)constructedJ)previous

C)designatesK)principally

D)extractL)remedy

E)flockedM)rhetorically

F)incorporatesN)sneaked

G)legitimateO)versatile

H)natural

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.

Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraph

fromwhichtheinfannationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Each

paragraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2.

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TheDoctorWillSkypeYouNow

A）Fazilaisayoungwomanthathasbeendealingwitheczema（湿疹），acommonskin

condition,forthepastfiveyears,butnevergotittreated.Thenearesthospitalisanhour

away,byboatandbus,andherskinconditiondidn'tseemseriousenoughtomakethe

trek,sosheignoredit——untilanewtechnologybroughtthedoctortoher.Fazilaliveson

oneoftheremoteriverislandsinnorthernBangladesh.Theseislandsarelow-lying,

temporarysandislandsthatarecontinuouslyformedanddestroyedthroughsand

buildupanderosion.Theyarehometooversixmillionpeople,whofacerepeated

displacementfromfloodinganderosion一whichmaybegettingworsebecauseof

climatechange-andarangeofhealthrisks,includingpoornutrition,malaria（疟疾）and

otherwater-bornediseases.

B）Themostdangerousthingfortheseremoteislanddwellersislanderosion.Thesecond

islackofaccesstomedicalsuppliesanddoctors.Therearenodoctorswithinmiles,and

whilechildmortalityandmaternaldeathhavegonedownintherestofthecountry,this

isnotthecasefortheislands.Themedicalsituationissobadthatitreallytakesaway

fromthequalityoftheirlife.Yetformanyislandinhabitants-someofBangladesh's

poorest-payingforhealthcareisacostlyordeal.Victimsoferosionlosetheirhouses,

agriculturallandandjobsasfanners,fishermenanddaylaborers.Thoughgovernment

hospitalsarefree,manypeoplehesitatetogo,citinglongcommutes,endlesslinesand

questionablediagnoses.Forconvenience'ssake,one-thirdofruralhouseholdsvisit

unqualifiedvillagedoctors,whorelyonunscientificmethodsoftreatment,accordingto

a2016studyinthepeer-reviewedjournalGlobalHealthAction.

C）Ontheislands,there'sevenacolloquial（口头的）expressionfortheideaofmaking

medicalcareyourlowestpriority:It'sknownas“rogpushairakha^^inBengali,which

roughlytranslatesto""stockpilingtheirdiseases”—waitingtoseekmedicalattention

untilaconditionbecomesextremelyserious.Now,anewvirtualmedicalservicecalled

Teledaktar（TD）istryingtomakehealthcaremoreeasilyaccessible.Everyweek,TD's

medicaloperatorstraveltotheislandsbyboat,carryingalaptop,aportableprinterfor

prescriptionsandtoolstorunbasicmedicalscreeningssuchasbloodpressure,blood

sugar,bodytemperatureandweight.Theychooseanareaoftheislandwiththebest

Internetreceptionandsetupamakeshift（临时凑合的）medicalcenterwhichconsists

ofplasticstoolsandsmalltablesborrowedfromthelocals9homes,atentincaseofrain

andasheetthatisstrunguptogivethepatientsprivacyduringtheirsession.

D）LaunchedinOctober2018,TDhaseightcentersintownsandvillagesacrossrural

Bangladeshandonthreeislands.Itisfundedbyanonprofitorganizationfoundedby

Bangladeshientrepreneurs,financeandtechnologyprofessionals.Insidethecenter,the

laptopscreenlightsuptorevealDr.TinaMustahid,TD'sheadphysician,live-streamed

（网络直吉备）fromthecapitalcityofDhakaforfreeremotemedicalconsultations.

AffectionatelycalledDoctorApa一"oldersister“inBengali-byherpatients,sheis

oneofthreevolunteerdoctorsatTD.

E）“Idiagnosethemthroughconversation,saysDr.Mustahid."Sometimesit'sreally

obviousthingsthatlocaldoctorsdon'thavethepatiencetotalkthroughwiththeir

patients.Forexample,acommoncomplaintmotherscomeinwithisthattheirchildren

refusetoeattheirmeals.Themothersareconcernedtheyaredealingwithindigestion,

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butit'sbecausetheyarefeedingthechildrenpackagedchipswhicharecheapand

convenient.Itellthemitisruiningtheirappetiteandaskthemtocutbackonunhealthy

snacks."Dr.Mustahidsaysbuildingawarenessabouthealthandnutritionisimportant

forislandpatientswhoarecutofffrommainlandresources.

F)Evenofftheislands,Bangladeshfacesacriticaldeficitofhealthservices.Thecountry

hashalfthedoctors-per-personratiorecommendedbytheWorldHealthOrganization:

roughlyonedoctorper2,000people,insteadofonedoctorper1,000people.Andof

thosephysicians,manyareconcentratedincities:70%ofthecountry'spopulationlive

inruralareas,yetlessthan20%ofhealthworkerspracticethere.Over70%ofTD's

3,000patientsarefemale,inpartbecausemanyarenotcomfortablespeakingwithlocal

doctorswhotendtobemale.Theruralwomenaremostlynotliterateorconfident

enoughtotravelontheirowntothenearesttowntovisitmedicalfacilities.Manyhave

spenttheirentirelivesrebuildingtheirhomeswhentheislandsflood.Earlymarriage

andyoungmotherhood,whichareprevalentinthesepartsofBangladesh,also

contributetotheearlyonsetofhealthproblems.

G)FormostTDpatientsontheislands,Dr.Mustahidisthefirstbig-citydoctorthat

they'veeverconsulted.TDdoctorsarenotmeanttotreatseriousillnessesorconditions

thatrequireadoctortobephysicallypresent,suchaspregnancy.Buttheycanwrite

prescriptions,diagnosecommonailments-includingdigestiveissues,jointpain,skin

diseases,feverandthecommoncold一andreferpatientstodoctorsatlocalhospitals.

Thevisitisalsoanopportunityforthepatients,especiallywomen,toairtheirconcerns

aboutaging,motherhoodandreproductivehealthaccordingtoDr.Mustahid.The

doctorsalsoofferhealth,dietaryandlifestyleadvicewherenecessary,includinginsight

oneverythingfromrecognizingpostnatal(产后的)depressiontodailyexercise.Dr.

Mustahidregularlyrecommendsherpatientstotakeadailythirty-minutemorningwalk

beforethesungetstoointense.

H)AfterafewsessionsaboutgeneralhealthissuesFazilafinallyopenedupabout

somethingelsethatwasbotheringher:herpersistentskincondition.Itcanget

expensivetotraveltothedoctor,sousuallythewomenlivingontheislandsdescribe

theirillnesstotheirhusbands.Thehusbandsthengotothephannacy,trytodescribethe

issueandreturnhomewithsomerandommedicines.NothingworkedforFazilauntil

shestartedseeingDr.Apa.

I)Othernonprofitsarealsostartingtoprovidehealthservicesontheislands.Alocal

non-governmentalorganizationcalledFriendshipoperatesfloatingboathospitalsthat

providehealthservicestoislandsalloverBangladesh,dockingateachfortwomonths

atatime.Friendshipalsoninssatelliteclinicsinwhichonedoctorandoneclinicaide

whoareresidentsofthecommunitydispersehealthandhygieneinfbnnation.

J)TDstillhasafewmajorchallenges.Manyresidentscomplainthemedicinestheyare

prescribedaresometimesunaffordable,butthegovernmentisn'tdoingenoughfbrthem.

Patientsoftenaskwhythemedicineisn'tfreealongwiththeconsultationfromthe

doctors.Theorganizationsarelinkedtolocalphannaciesandofferdiscountstothe

patientsandmakesuretoprescribethemostcost-effectivebrands,butstillmany

residentscan'taffordeventhat.

K)Nevertheless,TD'sremoteconsultationsseemtobepopular:Of3,000patients,atleast

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200havereturnedforfollow-ups,accordingtoTD.Thereason,explainsoneresident,

mightbethesimplegestureoftreatingtheislandinhabitantswithrespect."Dr.Apais

patient,hesays,"Atgovernmenthospitals,thedoctorstreatusverybadly,buthere

theylistentous,Icanrepeatmyselfmanytimesandnoonegetsannoyed.^^

36.Somechildrenontheremoteislandswon'teattheirmealsbecausetheyarefedcheap

junkfood.

37.UnlikeotherpartsofBangladesh,thenumberofwomenwhodiefromgivingbirth

remainshighontheriverislands.

38.Onebigproblemmanyislandershaveisthattheycan'tafibrdtheprescribedmedicines,

evenwithdiscountsoffered.

39.TDisavirtualmedicalservicefinanciallysupportedbyoneofthenation'snonprofit

organizations.

40.TDdoctorsarewelcometotheislandersbecausetheytreatthesickwithrespectand

patience.

41.Womenislanderstendtohavehealthproblemsearlypartlybecausetheygetmarried

andgivebirthearly.

42.TDdoctorsmakeweeklyvisitstotheremoteislandstoprovideservicesatatemporary

medicalcenter.

43.TDdoctorsprovidetheislanderswithonlinediagnosesandtreatmentsforcommon

diseases.

44.Theresidentsoftheriverislandshavetokeepmovingtheirhomesbecauseoffloods

andlanderosions.

45.Womenislandersusuallyrelyontheirhusbandstogetsomemedicinesforthemwithout

diagnosesandprescriptions.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions

orunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B)tC)andD).

YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

SelectivecollegesanduniversitiesintheU.S.areunderfireforbeingtooeliteandtoo

expensive,andfornottraininggraduatesfortheworldofwork.Suchchargesignorethe

factthattheseinstitutionscontinuetopreparestudentsforsuccessintheirwork,for

thoughtfulengagementinciviclife,forlifelonglearning,andforunderstandingtheworld

andthosewithwhomtheylive.

Thesecollegesanduniversitiesmustbedoingsomethingright.Applicationsareat

recordhighs,andtheirfinancialaidprogramsmakethemmoreaccessiblethanever.This

modelofeducationhaslongplayedacentralroleincreatingopportunity,drivingeconomic

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growth,andspurringinnovation.

Yet,thereisgrowingskepticismaboutthevalueofthismodel.Therecenttaxreform

billisawake-upcallthatourstrongestcollegesanduniversitiesareunderassaultbysome

ingovernment.Theinitialproposalswouldhavemadeeducationunaffordableformanyby

taxingtuitionwaiversforgraduatestudentsandendingdeductionsforstudentloaninterest.

Thankfully,theseprovisionswereultimatelystrippedfromthebill,butlawmakersletstand

anewtaxontheinvestmentincomeofsomecollegesanduniversities.

Whiletheseattacksaremotivatedbymisguidedideas,weneedtodoabetterjobof

explainingwhytheseclaimsarefalseandwhywhatwedoisvaluable.Wecannottakefor

grantedthatanyofthisisobvious.

Itisoftensaidthatelitecollegesanduniversitiesdonottrainstudents,particularly

thosewhostudytheliberalarts,fortheworkforce.Butthiscanberefutedbyscholarly

research.Thedataareclear:aliberalartseducationisgreatcareerpreparation,bothfor

excellentlifetimeearningsandforsatisfactionwiththework.Thiseducationdevelopsthe

skillsofcriticalthinking,rigorousanalysisofdataandfacts,communicationwiththe

writtenandspokenword,understandingofculturaldifferencesandissues,andtheabilityto

keeplearning.Infact,liberalartsgraduatesdoextremelywellineveryimaginablefield.

Accesstoaneducationatselectivecollegesanduniversitiesisnowmoreavailable

thanevertolow-andmiddle-incomefamilies.Wehavebuiltendowmentsfromdonations

byalumni(校友)andparentswhounderstandandappreciateourmissiontoprovideaccess

andopportunity,andasignificantportionofthereturnsfromtheseendowmentsisusedto

fundfinancialaid.

Ironically,thenewtaxonendowmentsdrainsfinancialaidfundsfromtheveryschools

mostabletoofferopportunitytothosewhohaveearnedaspotbutcannototherwiseafford

thiseducation.Beyondthevirtueofaccesstothosewhohaveearnedaplaceatthese

schools,thediversityofeconomicbackgroundsenhancestheeducationandexperienceof

allofourstudents.

46.Whatfactdoestheauthoremphasizeconcerningselectivecollegesanduniversities?

A)Theyhavebeenignoringthetrainingofgraduatesfortheworldofwork.

B)Theyhavebeendoingwellinensuringtheirstudentsasuccessfulfuture.

C)Theyhavebeenconstantlyattackedforbeingtooeliteandtooexpensive.

D)Theyhavebeenactivelyengagedinciviclifebeyondtheschoolcampus.

47.WliatdoestheauthorsayinarguingforthemodelofeducationintheU.S.?

A)Ithascontributedsubstantiallytothenation'soveralldevelopment.

B)Ithassucceededinmaintainingsustainablefinancialaidprograms.

C)Ithasgivenprioritytoinnovativeprogramsforgraduatestudies.

D)Ithasplayedacentralroleinattractinginternationalapplicants.

48.Whatdowelearnabouttheinitialproposalsconcerningtherecenttaxreformbill?

A)Theywouldhavestrippedmanystudentsoflife'schances.

B)Theywouldhavedeductedgraduatestudentloaninterest.

C)Theywouldhaveaddedtomanystudents9financialburden.

D)Theywouldhaveincreasedthenumberoftuitionwaivers.

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49.Whatdothedatashowaboutelitecollegesanduniversities?

A)Theirgraduateslacktherigorrequiredfordoingstatisticalanalysis.

B)Theirstudentsprovetobeinadequatelypreparedfortheirfuturecareers.

C)Theirfocusonresearchisconducivetodevelopingstudents9criticalthinking.

D)Theirliberalartseducationenablesgraduatestoexcelinwhateverfieldtheyarein.

50.Whatisanadvantageofprovidingfinancialaidforstudents?

A)Everystudentcanchoosetheinstitutiontheywishtoattend.

B)Allstudentscanbenefitfromadiversifiedstudentpopulation.

C)Allstudentswillbeabletoearnaplaceonuniversitycampus.

D)Lessprivilegedstudentswillbemorecompetitiveateliteschools.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

WhenagroupofAustralianswasaskedwhytheybelievedclimatechangewasnot

happening,about36%saiditwas“commonsense”,accordingtoareportpublishedlast

yearbytheCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganization.Thiswasthe

mostpopularreasonfortheiropinion,withonly11%sayingtheirbeliefthatclimatechange

wasnothappeningwasbasedonscientificresearch.

Butwhatdowemeanbyanappealtocommonsense?Presumablyit'sanappealto

rationalityofsomesortthatformsthebasisofmorecomplexreasoning.Theappealto

commonsense,however,isusuallynothingmorethananappealtothinkingthatjustfeels

right,butwhatfeelsrighttoonepersonmaynotfeelrighttoanother.Whetheritfeelsright

isusuallyareflectionoftheworldviewandideologieswehaveinternalised,andthat

frameshowweinteractwithnewideas.Whennewideasareinaccordwithwhatwe

alreadybelieve,theyaremorereadilyaccepted.Whentheyarenot,they,andthearguments

thatleadtothem,aremorereadilyrejected.

Weoftenmistakethisautomaticcompatibilitytestingofnewideaswithexistingbeliefs

asanapplicationofcommonsense,but,inreality,itismoreaboutjudgingthanthinking.

AsNobelistDanielKahnemannotesinThinking,FastandSlow,whenwearriveat

conclusionsinthisway,theoutcomesalsofeeltrue,regardlessofwhethertheyare.Weare

notpsychologicallywellequippedtojudgeourownthinking.

Wearealsohighlysusceptibletoarangeofcognitivebiasessuchasgivingpreference

tothefirstthingsthatcometomindwhenmakingdecisionsorgivingweighttoevidence.

Onewaywecancheckourinternalbiasesandinconsistenciesisthroughthesocial

verificationofknowledge,inwhichwetestourideasinarigorousandsystematicwayto

seeiftheymakesensenotjusttous,buttootherpeople.Theoutstandingexampleofthis

sociallysharedcognitionisscience.

Thatdoesnotmeanthatindividualsarenotcapableofexcellentthinking,nordoesit

meannoindividualisrational.Buttheextenttowhichindividualscandothisontheirown

isafxmctionofhowwellintegratedtheyarewithcommunitiesofsystematicinquiryinthe

firstplace.Youcan'tlearntothinkwellbyyourself.

Inmattersofscienceatleast,thosewhovaluetheircommonsenseovermethodological,

collaborativeinvestigationimaginethemselvestobemorefreeintheirthinking,unbound

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byinvolvementwiththegroup,butinrealitytheyaretightlyboundbytheircapabilitiesand

perspectives.Wearesmartertogetherthanweareindividually,andperhapsthat'sjust

commonsense.

51.Whatdoest