2021-2022学年河南省豫南名校高二（下）期末英语试卷（附答案详解）

2021-2022学年河南省豫南名校高二（下）期末英语试卷

A

SomeoftheMostFamousModernArchitecturesBarcelonaPavillion(Barcelona,Spain,1929)

Acantilevered(悬臂式的)roofisthedesignofBarcelonaPavilion.Althoughitwasquite

small,thearchitectdidhisbesttouseluxuriousmaterials.Oneofthefamouspiecesof

furniture,speciallycreatedforthebuilding,istheBarcelonachair.

VillaDirickz(Brusels,Belgium,1933)

VillaDirickzhaseye-catchingblockyfeatures,glassworksandwhiteconcretesurroundedby

greenery.Thevillaisequippedwithadvancedfacilitieslikeacinema.ltwasignoredtilla

developerboughtitin2007anddevotedallpossibleresourcestoitsrepairs.

IsokonBuilding(London,UK.1934)

Thebuilding,consistingof32apartments,isstillinusetoday.ltalsoincludesstaffroomsanda

largegarage.Theapartmentshaveasharedkitchenforpeopletopreparefoodfreely.Ashared

galleryisbuiltinthegaragetotellpeopleaboutthehistoryofthebuilding.

NeueNationalGalerie(Berlin.Germany,1968)

Themuseumhostsanartcollectionthatdatesbacktotheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.Its

typicalmodernistdesignincludesacantileveredroofandflatappearances.Thebuildingis

surroundedbyasculpturedlandscape.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutBarcelonaPavilion?

A.ItliesinBelgium.

B.Itfeaturesitsroof.

C.Itissurroundedbysculptures.

D.ItisSpain'ssmallestarchitecture.

2.WhatcanpeopledoinIsokonBuilding?

A.Liveinthegarageforfree.B.Cookfood.

C.Seemoviestogether.D.Buyartcollections.

3.Whicharchitecturehastheshortesthistory?

A.BarcelonaPavilion.B.VillaDirickz.

C.IsokonBuilding.D.NeueNationalGalerie.

B

TodayisMother'sDay.Allthechildrenhavepreparedamusicalselectiontosingfortheir

moms.Mydad,whoisateacherataprimaryschool,ishelpinganautistic(自闭的)10-

year-oldboyholdlongenoughforthesingingtoend.Mydadholdstheboy'shandtightly,and

thenfinallyencourageshimtofinishthesinging.Suddenlytheboybitesmydad*shand,rushes

tothefrontofthestand,anddramaticallycries,"Thatmantriestocontrolme!”Myfatherfeels

surprisedandisataloss.We'veallbeenthere.Howmanytimeshaveourownchildrenbeen

naughty,makingushavenochoicebuttoshakeourheadsandavoideyecontactwiththerestof

theworld?

Obviouslynoteveryoutbreakhappensatschool：Thereareplentyofstoriesinthesuper-

market.OnceJtookmy3-year-oldchildtoseeafunnymoviebutwehadtoleaveearlybecause

ofhisnoise.Anothertime,Ilookedhelplesslyupatthefastfoodworkerwhomychildjust

called"fat".Iblamedhimasusual.Whafsthepointintellingthesestories?Sothenexttime

yourchildmakesnoiseinpublic,instead,youcanjustsmile,tryingtoquiethimorher.Andwhen

yournephewstartsrunningupanddowntheaislesatchurch,youcanchaseafterhimwith

confidence,rememberingtosay,"Youarerunningsofastbutpleaseslowdown!"

Andwhenitseemslikeallthatanyonehastoofferiscriticism,justrememberthatyouarenot

alone.We'vealllivedthroughthesameexperiences.Mostofusunderstandwhatyouaregoing

through.NoJdon'thavemuchadvice.Justabig“thankyou"forallthemoms,dads,uncles,aunts

andfriendswhohaveandknownaughtychildren.Keepgoing-youaredoingagreatjob.

4.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?

A.Bylistingstatistics.B.Bygivinganexample.

C.Bymakingassumptions.D.Bymakingacomparison.

5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkparentsshoulddowhentheirboysarenaughty?

A.Dealwiththemcalmly.

B.Beatthemrightaway.

C.Criticizethemseriously.

D.Asktheteacherstoquietthem.

6.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetopeoplewhounderstandnaughtychildren?

A.Doubtful.B.Surprised.C.Grateful.D.Negative.

7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Publicmanners.B.Childeducation.

C.Musicinspiration.D.Entertainingstories.

c

Margotdoesn'thaveagarbagecan.ltdoesn'tneedonebecauseMargotsimplydoesn'tcause

anythingtogetthrownaway.Therestaurantdoesn'tallowanytypeofsingle-use

plastic.Margot,whichopenedlastyear,isoneofthesmallbutgrowingrestaurantsaroundthe

worldaimingtoavoidnotonlyfoodleftovers,butalsoanygarbage.

*'Foodwastehasbeenincreasingasanissueforrestaurantsoverthelast10years,"saysCalvin

Brown.HerunstheSustainableRestaurantAssociation.BasedintheUnitedKingdom,the

organizationhelpsfoodbusinessbecomemoreenvironmentallyresponsible.Hesaysthatfood

wastecontributestoreleasingthegreenhousegas,sothereisstrongmotivationtoreducewaste

andhelptheenvironment.

IntheUSA,foodwasteandpackingaccountfornearlyhalfofthematerialsenttoland-

fills.RestaurantsfromMcDonald'stoStarbucksareaddressingthisissuewith"nostraw

Mondays"andlimitsonsingle-servingplastic,butahandfulofrestaurateursaretryingtogetrid

第2页，共20页

ofrubbishentirely.There^alsoeconomiccasetobemadeforwastereduction.Onestudyshows

thatrestaurantssavesevendollarsfbreverydollarinvestedinanti-wastemethods.

Avoidingfoodwasteisthefirstandperhapsmostobviouschallengeforsustainable

restaurants.DougMcMaster,chefatSiloinLondon,onlyservesasetmenu.Thisremovesthe

worrythatoneparticularitemwon'tsellwell,andwillspoilintherefrigerator.Compost(JJE)

isanecessityaswell.Nolla(meaning"zero"inFinnish)inHelsinki,Finlandisgivingcompost

toitssuppliersaswellasitsdiners.Nollaalsohasfood-trackingsoftwaremorecommonlyused

amongcorporatefoodservicecompaniestokeeptrackofwhatsellsandwhatrots.

Sometimesrestaurantscallthemselvesenvironmentallyfriendly,buttheymightjustbeusing

thelabel.Calvinofferssomepointersonwhattolookfbrtomakesurearestaurantistruly

committedtosustainability.

8.WhatdoesMargotfeature?

A.Itslargesize.B.Itsopeninghours.

C.Itsplasticgarbagecans.D.Itszero-wastegoal.

9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Waysofpackagingfood.

B.Theissueofinvestinginservices.

C.Theimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.

D.Effortsofsomerestaurantstoreducerubbish.

10.WhichofthefollowingdoesNollatrytodo?

A.Onlyserveasetmenu.

B.Hardlyuserefrigerators.

C.Supplycomposttoitscustomers.

D.Keeptrackofdiners*preferences.

11.WhatdoesCalvinthinkrestaurantsshoulddo?

A.Contributetosustainabledevelopmentofthefoodindustry.

B.Savemoneyondealingwithkitchengarbage.

C.Useeco-friendlylabels.

D.Expandfoodbusiness.

D

TheScienceandTechnologyFacilitiesCouncil(STFC)andUniversityofCentralLanca­

shire(UCLan)sharefindingsofaprojecttoimprovestudentengagementwith

science,technology,engineeringandmathematics(STEM).

It'slongbeenacknowledgedthatstudentsfromdisadvantagedbackgroundsareunder-

representedinscience,technology,engineeringandmathematicscareers.Now,research

conductedbyUCLanandfundedbySTFCshowsthecausesofthisproblemandpointsto

innovativesolutions.TheBlackpoolPhysics：Inspire,Engage,Research(PIER)projectfound

thatprimaryschoolchildrenfromlowsocio-economicareasarejustasinterestedinsciencebut

lackknowledgeaboutpossiblesciencecareers.

ThePIERprojectisfollowingagroupofpupilsastheyprogressfromGrade6toGrade9,

usingsurveys,interviewsandotherassessmentstomeasureinterestinscience.Theseinitial

findingssuggestthatattemptstoincreasescienceparticipationamongyoungpeopleshouldnot

simplypromotethesubjectas"fun"or"interesting".Instead,greaterimpactcouldbeachieved

bydemonstratingclearlyhowsciencecanopenpossiblefuturecareeropportunities.

Manyofthepupilstakingpartinthestudyunderstoodthatstudyingsciencecouldbeusefulbut

fewcouldexplainwhy,suggestinganeedforgreatereducationaboutSTEMcareers.Aswellas

broadeningourunderstandingoftheissue,thePIERprojectissolvingtheproblemheadon.The

teamhascarriedoutavarietyofactivitieseachyearfortheparticipants,including"meetthe

scientists"events,tripstoUCLan'sAlstonObservatoryaswellasfamilyscienceeventsat

school.

LeadResearcherandSTFCFellowinPublicEngagement,ProfessorRobertWalsh,said,MMuch

governmentpolicytowardsboostingscienceinhighereducationfocusesonanassumedlackof

interestanddesireinlow-socioeconomicgroups.nHowever,theenthusiasmisalreadythere

andthis''hiddenscienceidentity11needstoberevealedandtranslatedintoreal-lifeprospectsfor

theseyoungpeople.WeYerecommendingthatprogramsinsteadallowyoungpeopletoexplore

theirscienceidentitymorefullyandprovideinnovativewaystodiscoverthejobsthatstudying

sciencemayleadto.

12.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutpoorstudents?

A.TheyhavenointerestinSTEMcareers.

B.Theyarenotengagedenoughinscience.

C.Theyaremorerepresentativeofscience.

D.Theyhavemanycharacterdisadvantages.

13.WhatdoesthePIERprojectpaymoreattentionto?

A.Assessingpupils*performance.

B.Increasingthesurveysofpupils.

C.Demonstratingthepotentialvalueofscience.

D.Promotingthesubjectas"fun"or'interesting".

14.Whydoestheteamconductvariousactivities?

A.Toimprovestudents'understandingofSTEMcareers.

B.Topromoteteaching-relatedcareers*development.

C.Tomeetthepupils'needsforschoolevents.

D.Toboostsciencedevelopment.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ThePIERProjectHelpsPoorPupilsEngageinScience

B.HowDoesthePIERProjectComeintoBeing?

第4页，共20页

C.IncreasePupils'LearningAwareness

D.WhatIstheDefinitionofPIER?

Haveyouevergonetoamuseumorashowandbeencompletelyblownawaybyapiece?If

youhavenrt,gooutandgetcultured.I'mastudentattheCollegeofVisualandPerformingArts

wherewecreateallkindsofarteveryday.(1)ButIdon'tthinkthosepeopletrulyknowthe

difficultiesandstrugglesintheprocessofmakingart.

Firstofall,weneedtobeinspired.Youmaythinkthat*seasy.Infact,anythingcanserveasa

conceptofaworkofart.(2)Sometimeswewillneedpeople,volunteers,bodiestodosoand

findingwillingpeopletoworkishard.Othertimeswehaveaclearideaofwhatwewantbutwe

don'tknowhowtomakeotherpeoplefullyunderstandwhatwe'retryingtogetat.

(3)Weneedaspacetobeabletobecreativeandthatcanbetrickytoacquire.Sometimeswe

needartsuppliesorcertainequipmentandcostumesandthatcancostmoney.Evenifwedo

acquirewhatweneed,visionschangeandmistakeshappensowemightnotendupusingthe

resources.

Theprocesscantakeweeks,months,andevenyearstobefullyrealized.Oncecompleted,we

needtoshareitandfindanaudienceandprovideanenvironmenttodisplayourwork.(4)What

ifnobodylikeswhatwecreated?Whatifourvisionisn'twhatwethoughtthoughcompleted?

Creatingartisanartinitself.ltisreallynotaseasyasmanypeoplethink.⑸It'showwe

expressourselvesandhowwecommunicatewiththerestoftheworld.

A.Outsidersthinkourjobseasy.

B.Weshouldbequietandcreative.

C.Wemightchooseotherfieldsaswell.

D.Resourcesarealsoahugefactorinmakingart.

E.Thehardpartcomeswhenweputourideasintoreality.

F.Andthenegativethoughtslovetooverpowerourminds.

G.Ittakestime,patienceandspacewhenthingsdon'tgoasexpected.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

ThefirstWomenoftheFutureAwardswassetin2O13.Sincethen,manyyoung

businessmen,socialchange-makersandleaders(21)ourjudges.Andtheyhavegoneonto

achieveworld-classsuccess.Fromshakingwholeindustries-(22)themale-dominatedworldof

technology-tomakingarealcontributionintheday-to-daylivesof(23)children,theWomenof

theFuturealumni(校友)areagroupofAustraliansthatmakeus(24)

AnnabelleChauncyOAM，now34,who(25)thePeople'sChoicePrizein2014,hasgoneon

tomakerealchangesinUgandawithher(26)organization,SchoolforLife.Oneofthefirst

studentsto(27)itwasagirlnamedSissy."Irememberhavinga(n)(28)withSissy'smum,*'

Annabellesays.nShesaid,'IjustwanthertohaveaprimaryschooleducationandthenI'mokay

withhergoingoffandgetting(29)toabettermanbecauseshe'llhave(30)literacyskills.,M

NowSissyisdoingherYear9athighschoolandislearningwith(31)."Thechangeinthegirlis

(32),whostartedatprimaryschoolandwasnotabletolookyouintheeyebecauseshewas

so(33)andafraid,uAnnabellesays.

Initsfirstyear,SchoolforLifehad80students.ltnoweducates1,025youngpeopleand

providesother(34),suchasvocationaltrainingandcounsellingservices.

ReflectingonAnnabelle'swork,it'seasytofallunderthe(35)thateverythingsheachievedwas

afactaccomplishment.ButlikesomanyofTheWeekly'sWomenoftheFuture

alumni,Annabellewas(36)ayoungstudentfightingtobetakenseriouslyandtoprovethatone

personcan(37).

"Attheageof21,knockingondoorsandaskingforpeopleto(38)aschoolinUganda,whileI

hadhalfalawdegree,was(39),"shesays."Therewerequitealotofpeoplewho(40)whether

we'dbeabletofinishsomethinglikethis."Finally,oureffortspaidoff.

21.A.greetedB.persuadedC.movedD.impressed

22.A.hardlyB.temporarilyC.particularlyD.randomly

23.A.braveB.poorC.smartD.polite

24.A.proudB.calmC.confusedD.thrilled

25.A.organizedB.passedC.wonD.offered

26.A.nonprofitB.costlyC.meaninglessD.wealthy

27.A.putupwithB.signupforC.makeuseofD.getholdof

28.A.argumentB.understandingC.cooperationD.conversation

29.A.lostB.marriedC.usedD.back

30.A.basicB.abundantC.differentD.excellent

31.A.depressionB.burdenC.doubtD.confidence

32.A.painfulB.incredibleC.imaginableD.original

33.A.stubbornB.popularC.sunnyD.shy

34.A.supportB.curesC.incomeD.funds

35.A.habitB.messageC.feelingD.advice

36.A.occasionallyB.frequentlyC.onceD.constantly

37.A.makeadifferenceB.comeintoeffect

C.giveinD.breakdown

第6页，共20页

38.A.disturbB.investC.praiseD.inspire

39.A.vitalB.easyC.necessaryD.tough

40.A.permittedB.advocatedC.questionedD.commented

41.TheChinaCulturalCenterinMaltaorganizedanonlineeventlastSaturdaytocelebrate

WorldTaiChiDay.(1)(attract)manyMalteseTaiChienthusiasts.TaiChi,acenturies

oldChinesewushu(2)(characterize)bygentlemovementexercises,hasbeen(3)

(wide)acceptedbypeoplearoundtheworld.

TheeventfeaturedWangZhanjun,The(4)(found)ofaTaiChischool,teachingTaiChi

viatheInternetfromHenanProvince,andtheschool'sstudentspresenting(5)(show)

combiningTaiChiwiththedanceofShuixiu,oneofthemostskilfulstunts(特技动作)

inChinesePekingOpera.

TheMaltaTaiChiYangFamilyClub,theMaltaSchoolofWushu,theMaltaMartialArts

Association(6)theMediterraneanTraditionalChineseMedicineCenteralso(7)

(practice)TaiChifortheonlineevent,"IamafirmbelieverinTaiChi.Ithasmany

positiveaspects."saidCliftonGrima."Weareusingonlinetechnology(8)ordertoensure

thatthisartgetstothehouseofpeople(9)wouldliketopracticethismarvelousart."

"Ilookverymuchforwardtofurthercooperationbetween(10)(we)

countries,Which,thoughbeinglocatedindifferentcontinents,areconnectedduetotheir

historicalaspects,"healsonoted.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文

中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删

除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉.

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Asagirl,IwasfatbutIwasupsetaboutit.Istartedtoloseweightbytakeweight-loss

pills.Sometimelater,however,Ifeltmoreenergeticthanbefore.Mygood

friends,Lily,madeasuggestionthatIeatahealthilydietandtakemoreexercise.Shealso

advisemetotryjogginginthemorning,whatreallymadeadifference.NowIfinditisan

effectivewayofkeepinghealthyaswelllosingweight.Inaword,ifoneinsistson

exercising,heorshearesuretohaveanattractivefigureandkeepinfit.

43.假定你是李华，最近你校组织大家参观了你市举办的文化展览。请你写一篇报道,

并分享在校英文网站上，内容包括：

1.展览时间、地点；

2.展览主题：中国书画；

3.你的感悟。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.题目已为你写好。

第8页，共20页

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、B、D

【解析】(1)B.细节理解题。根据BarcelonaPavilion部分的Acantilevered(悬臂式

的)roofisthedesignofBarcelonaPavilion.(悬臂式屋顶是巴塞罗那馆的设计。)可知，

BarcelonaPavilion以屋顶为特征。故选B。

(2)B.推理判断题。根据IsokonBuilding部分的

Theapartmentshaveasharedkitchenforpeopletopreparefoodfreely.(公寓有一个共用厨

房，供人们免费准备食物。)可知，人们在IsokonBuilding可以做饭。故选B。

(3)D.细节理解题。根据每个部分第一行BarcelonaPavillion(Barcelona,Spain/929)；

VillaDirickz(Brusels,Belgium,1933)；IsokonBuilding(London,UK.1934)和

NeueNationalGalerie(Berlin.Germany,1968)可知，对比每个建筑建造的年代，

NeueNationalGalerie的历史最短。故选D。

本文为应用文。文章介绍了一些最著名的现代建筑和它们的特色。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上

合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

4~7.【答案】B、A、C、B

［解析】(1)B.细节理解题。根据第一段TodayisMother'sDay.Allthechildrenhave

preparedamusicalselectiontosingtheirmoms.Mydad,whoisateacherataprimaryschool,is

helpinganautisticyear-oldboyholdlongenoughforthesingingtoend.Mydadholdstheboy's

handtightandthenfinallyencourageshimtofinishthesinging.Suddenlytheboybitesmy

dad'sharushestothefrontofthestand,anddramaticallycries."Thatmantriestocontrolme!”

fatherfeelssurprisedandisataloss.We^eallbeenthere.Howmanytimeshaveourchildren

beennaughty,makingushavenochoicebuttoshakeourheadsandavoideyeconwiththerest

oftheworld?(今天是母亲节。所有的孩子都准备了一组歌曲给他们的妈妈唱。我的父

亲是一名小学老师，他正在帮助一个自闭症男孩坚持到歌声结束。爸爸紧紧地握着男孩

的手，最后鼓励他唱完。突然，那个男孩咬了我爸爸一下，冲到证人席前，戏剧性地哭

了起来。”那个人想控制我!"父亲感到惊讶和不知所措。我们都有过这样的经历。有多少

次，我们的孩子调皮捣蛋，让我们别无选择，只能摇头，避免与世界其他地方的人进行

眼神交流？)以及第二段Once,Itookmy3-year-oldchildtoseeafunnymoviebutwehadto

leaveearlycauseofhisnoise.Anothertime,Ilookedhelplesslyupatthefastfoodworkerwho

mychildjustcalledHfatn.Iblamedhimasusual.(W一次，我带我3岁的孩子去看一场有趣

的电影，但我们不得不提前离开，因为他太吵了。还有一次，我无助地抬头看着那个被

我的孩子称为“胖子”的快餐店工作人员。我像往常一样责怪他。)可知，文章通过例举

作者父亲遇到的自闭症男孩以及作者自己的孩子淘气的情景来引出文章的主题。故选B。

（2）A.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Sothetimeyourchildmakesnoisein

public,instead,youcanjustsmile,tryingtoquiethimorher.（所以当你的孩子在公共场合吵

闹的时候，你可以微笑，试着让他或她安静下来。）可知，作者认为，当孩子淘气时，

父母应当让孩子安静下来。故选A。

（3）C.观点态度题。根据最后一段Justabig”thankyou"forallthemothers,dads,uncles,aunts

andfriendswhohaveandknownaughtychildren.（感谢所有认识或有顽皮的孩子的妈妈、

爸爸、叔叔、阿姨和朋友们。）可知，作者对理解这些顽皮孩子的人是感激的。故选C。

（4）B.主旨大意题。根据第一段Howmanytimeshaveourchildrenbeennaughty,makingus

havenochoicebuttoshakeourheadsandavoideyeconwiththerestoftheworld?（有多少

次，我们的孩子调皮捣蛋，让我们别无选择，只能摇头，避免与世界其他地方的人进行

眼神交流?）以及文章第二段Sothetimeyourchildmakesnoiseinpublic,instead,youcan

justsmile,tryingtoquiethimorher.（所以当你的孩子在公共场合吵闹的时候，你可以

微笑，试着让他或她安静下来。）可知，文章主要讲述的孩子的教育问题。故选B。

本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了对淘气孩子的教育问题。

考查人生感悟类阅读理解。做题时要注意以下，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正

确的选择。

8〜11.【答案】D、D、C、A

［解析1（1）D.细节理解题。根据第一段Itdoesn'tneedonebecauseMargotsimplydoesn't

causeanythingtogetthrownaway.Therestaurantdoesn'tallowanytypeofsingleuse

plastic.Margot,whichopenedlastyear,isoneofthesmallbutgrowingrestaurantsaroundthe

worldaimingtoavoidnotonlyfoodleftovers,butalsoanygarbage.（它不需要垃圾桶，因为

Margot根本不会导致任何东西被扔掉。这家餐厅不允许使用任何类型的一次性塑料去

年开业的Margot是世界上小型但不断增长的餐厅之一，不仅旨在避免剩菜，也旨在避

免任何垃圾。）可知，Margot的特点是它的零浪费的目标。故选D。

（2）D.段落大意题。根据第三段RestaurantsfromMcDonald'stoStarbucksareaddressing

thisissuewith"nostrawMondays1'andlimitsonsingle-servingplastic,butahandfulof

restaurateursaretryingtogetridofrubbishentirely.There'salsoeconomiccasetobemadefor

wastereduction.Onestudyshowsthatrestaurantssavesevendollarsforeverydollarinvested

inanti-wastemethods.（从麦当劳到星巴克，许多餐馆都在用“星期一没有吸管”和对一次

性塑料的限制来解决这个问题，而一些餐馆老板正试图完全清除垃圾。减少浪费也有经

济理由。一项研究表明，餐馆在反浪费方法上每投资1美元，就能节省7美元。）可知，

第三段主要讲的是一些餐馆在减少垃圾方面所做出的努力。故选Do

（3）C.细节理解题。根据第四段Compost（肥）isanecessityaswell.Nolla（meaning

"zero"inFinnish）inHelsinki,Finlandisgivingcomposttoitssuppliersaswellasits

diners.Nollaalsohasfood-trackingsoftwaremorecommonlyusedamongcorporatefood

servicecompaniestokeeptrackofwhatsellsandwhatrots.（堆肥也是一种必需。芬兰赫尔

第10页，共20页

辛基的Nolla（芬兰的意思是"零"）正在为其供应商和食客提供堆肥。）可知，Nolla努

力提供堆肥给它的顾客。故选C。

（4）A.推理判断题。根据第二段Hesaysthatfoodwastecontributestoreleasingthe

greenhousegas,sothereisstrongmotivationtoreducewasteandhelptheenvironment.（他说

食物浪费导致释放温室气体，所以我们有强烈的动力来减少浪费和帮助环境。）以及最

后一段Calvinofferssomepointersonwhattolookfortomakesurearestaurantistruly

committedtosustainability.（Calvin就如何确保一家餐厅真正致力于可持续发展提供了一

些建议。）可知，Calvin认为餐厅应该对食品工业的可持续发展作出贡献。故选A。

本文是一篇健康环保类阅读，主要介绍了世界各地的餐饮业在减少食物垃圾方面为食品

业的可持续发展所做出的努力。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项填写出正确答案。

12~15.【答案】B、C、A、A

【解析1（1）B.细节理解题。根据文章第二段It'slongbeenacknowledgedthatstudentsfrom

disadvantagedbackgroundsareunder-representedinscience,technology,engineeringand

mathematicscareers.（长期以来，人们一直认为，来自弱势背景的学生在科学、技术、

工程和数学领域的代表性不足.）可知人们通常认为一些弱势背景的学生对科学的参与

度不够。故选B项。

（2）C.细节理解题。根据文章第三段Theseinitialfindingssuggestthatattemptstoincrease

scienceparticipationamongyoungpeopleshouldnotsimplypromotethesubjectas"fun"or

"interesting".Instead,greaterimpactcouldbeachievedbydemonstratingclearlyhowscience

canopenpossiblefuturecareeropportunities.（这些初步发现表明，增加年轻人的科学参

与的尝试不应该简单地将这一主题推广为”令人愉快的"或"有趣的"。相反，通过清楚地

展示科学如何打开未来可能的职业机会，可以获得更大的影响。）可知PIER项目将注

意力更多地放在去展示科学的潜在价值上。故选C项。

（3）A.推理判断题。根据文章第四段Manyofthepupilstakingpartinthestudyunderstood

thatstudyingsciencecouldbeusefulbutfewcouldexplainwhy,suggestinganeedforgreater

educationaboutSTEMcareers.Aswellasbroadeningourunderstandingoftheissue,thePIER

projectissolvingtheproblemheadon.Theteamhascarriedoutavarietyofactivitieseachyear

fortheparticipants,including"meetthescientists"events,tripstoUCLan'sAlstonObservatory

aswellasfamilyscienceeventsatschool.（许多参与这项研究的学生理解学习科学可能很

有用，但很少有人能解释为什么，这表明需要对STEM职业进行更多的教育。除了扩大

我们对这个问题的理解外，PIER项目也在正面解决这个问题。该团队每年为参与者开

展各种活动，包括”与科学家见面”活动、前往乌克兰的奥尔斯顿天文台以及在学校举办

的家庭科学活动。）可知这支团队举办各种活动的目的是为了提高学生对STEM职业的

理解。故选A项。

（4）A.标题归纳题。根据文章第一段TheScienceandTechnologyFacilitiesCouncil（STFC）

andUniversityofCentralLanca-shire（UCLan）sharefindingsofaprojecttoimprovestudent

engagementwithscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics（STEM）.（科学和技术

设施委员会和中央兰卡郡大学分享了一个项目的发现，以提高学生对科学、技术、工程

和数学（stem）的参与度。）以及最后一段"Muchgovernmentpolicytowardsboostingscience

inhighereducationfocusesonanassumedlackofinterestanddesireinlow-socioeconomic

groups."However,theenthusiasmisalreadythereandthis"hiddenscienceidentity"needstobe

revealedandtranslatedintoreal-lifeprospectsfortheseyoungpeople.We'rerecommending

thatprogramsinsteadallowyoungpeopletoexploretheirscienceidentitymorefullyand

provideinnovativewaystodiscoverthejobsthatstudyingsciencemayleadto.（"政府促进高

等教育科学的政策都集中在低社会经济群体兴趣和欲望的缺乏上。"然而，这种热情已

经存在，这种"隐臧的科学身份"需要被揭示出来，并转化为这些年轻人的现实生活前景。

我们建议这个项目让年轻人更充分地探索他们的科学身份，并提供创新的方式来发现研

究科学可能带来的工作。）以及其他三段的主要内容可知文章主要是在围绕着PIER项

目如何帮助贫穷的学生更多地从事科学活动展开的。A项"PIER项目帮助贫困学生从事

科学研究”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A项。

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了帮助来自贫穷地区学生更多参与对科学、技术、

工程和数学的参与度而展开的ThePIER项目。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子

的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

16~20.【答案】A、E、D、F、G

［解析】（1）A.细节理解题。上文I'mastudentattheCollegeofVisualandPerfonningArts

wherewecreateallkindsofarteveryday.（我是一名视觉与表演艺术学院的学生，每天都

在创作各种各样的艺术作品）以及下文ButIdon'tthinkthosepeopletrulyknowthe

difficultiesandstrugglesintheprocessofmakingart.（但是我认为那些人