2022雅思考试价格

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WhenDenisHennequintookoverastheEuropeanbossofMcDonald"sinJanuary2022,theworld"sbiggestrestaurantchainwasshowingsignsofrecoveryinAmericaandAustralia,butsalesinEuropeweresluggishordeclining.OneexceptionwasFrance,whereMrHennequinhaddoneasterlingjobasheadofthegroup"sFrenchsubsidiarytosellmoreBigMacstohiscompatriots.Histaskwastoreplicatethissuccessinall41oftheEuropeancountrieswhereanti-globalisers"favouriteenemyoperates.

B.

SofarMrHennequinisdoingwell.LastyearEuropeansalesincreasedby5.8%andthenumberofcustomersby3.4%,thebestannualresultsinnearly15years.Europeaccountedfor36%ofthegroup"sprofitsandfor28%ofitssales.DecemberwasanespeciallygoodmonthascustomerstooktoseasonalmenuofferingsinFranceandBritain,andtoapromotioninGermanybasedonthegameofMonopoly.

C

MrHennequin"srecipeforrevivalistobemoreopenabouthiscompany"soperations,tobe“locallyrelevant”,andtoimprovetheexperienceofvisitinghis6,400restaurants.McDonald"sisblamedformakingpeoplefat,exploitingworkers,treatinganimalscruelly,pollutingtheenvironmentandsimplyforbeingAmerican.MrHennequinsayshewantstoengageinadialoguewiththepublictoaddresstheseconcerns.

D.

Heintroduced“opendoor”visitordaysineachcountrywhichbecamehugelypopular.InPolandalonesome50,000visitorscametoMcDonald"sthroughthevisitors"programmelastyear.TheNutritionInformationInitiative,launchedlastyear,putdetailedlabelsonMcDonald"spackagingwithdataoncalories,protein,fat,carbohydratesandsaltcontent.Thedetailsarealsoprintedontray-liners.

E.

MrHennequinalsowantspeopletoknowthat“McJobs”,thelow-paidmenialjobsatMcDonald"srestaurants,aremuchbetterthanpeoplethink.Butsomeofhiseffortshavebackfired:lastyearhesparkedacontroversywiththeintroductionofa“McPassport”thatallowsMcDonald"semployeestoworkanywhereintheEuropeanUnion.PoliticiansaccusedthefirmofaploytomakecheaplabourfromeasternEuropemoreeasilyavailabletoMcDonald"smanagersacrossthecontinent.

F.

Tostayintouchwithlocalneedsandpreferences,McDonald"semployslocalbossesasmuchaspossible.ARussianisrunningMcDonald"sinRussia,thoughaSerbisinchargeofGermany.Thegroupbuysmainlyfromlocalsuppliers.Four-fifthsofitssuppliesinFrancecomefromlocalfarmers,forexample.(SomeoftheFrenchfarmerswhocampaignedagainstthecompanyinthelate1990ssubsequentlydiscoveredthatitwas,infact,buyingtheirproduce.)AndithirescelebritiessuchasHeidiKlum,aGermanmodel,aslocalbrandambassadors.

G.

InhispreviousjobMrHennequinestablisheda“designstudio”inFrancetospruceuphiscompany"sdrabrestaurantsandadapttheinteriortolocaltastes.ThestudioisnowmastermindingimprovementseverywhereinEurope.Healsosetupa“foodstudio”,wherecooksdevisenewrecipesinresponsetolocaltrends.

H.

GivenFrance"sreputationasthemostanti-AmericancountryinEurope,itseemsoddthatMcDonald"srevivalinEuropeisbeingledbyaFrenchman,usingideascookedupintheFrenchmarket.ButFranceisinfactthecompany"smostprofitablemarketafterAmerica.ThemarketwhereMcDonald"sisweakestinEuropeisnotFrance,butBritain.

I.

“FixingBritainshouldbehispriority,”saysDavidPalmer,arestaurantanalystatUBS.Almosttwo-thirdsofthe1,214McDonald"srestaurantsinBritainarecompany-owned,comparedwith40%inEuropeand15%inAmerica.Thecompanysuffersfromthevolatilityofsalesatitsownrestaurants,butcanrelyonsteadyincomefromfranchisees.Soitshouldsellasmanyunderperformingoutletsaspossible,saysMrPalmer.

J.

M.MarkWiltamuth,ananalystatMorganStanley,estimatesthatEuropeancompany-ownedrestaurants"marginswillincreaseslightlyto16.4%in2022.Thisisstilllessthaninthelate1990sandbelowAmerica"s18-19%today.ButitismuchbetterthanbeforeMrHennequin"sreign.HeisalreadybeingtippedasthefirstEuropeancandidateforthegroup"stopjobinIllinois.NobodywouldcallthataMcJob.

Questions1-6

DothefollowingstatementsreflecttheclaimsofthewriterinReadingPassage1?

WriteyouranswerinBoxes1-6onyouranswersheet.

TRUEifthestatementreflectstheclaimsofthewriter

FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter

NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

1.McDonaldwasshowingthesignofrecoveryinallEuropeancountriesexceptFranceafterDenisHennequintookofficeasthebossofEuro-markets.

2.Startingfromlastyear,detailedlabelsareputonMcDonald’spackaginganddetailedinformationisalsoprintedontray-liners.

3.Franceissaidtobethemostanti-AmericancountryinEurope,buttheideasofthe“opendoor”visitingdaysand“McPassport”areinventedintheFrenchmarket.

4.BritainpossessestheweakestMcDonaldmarketamongEuropeancountriesandapproximately1214McDonald’srestaurantsarecompany-owned.

5.AccordingtoDavidPalmer,arestaurantanalystatUBS,DavidHennequinshouldtreattheproblemaboutMcDonaldinBritainasthemostimportantthing.

6.DavidPalmersuggestedthatthemanagementofMcDonalodinItalyshouldsellasmanyitsoutletswhichlosemoneyinbusinessaspossibleforrevival.

Questions7-10

ChoosetheappropriatelettersA-Dandwritetheminboxes7-10onyouranswesheet.

7.Theword“sterling”inline3ofParagraphAmeans__________.

A.difficult

B.menial

C.terrible

D.excellent

8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsontheaccusationofMacDonaldisNOTTRUE?

A.Ittendstomakepeoplefat.

B.Itsoperationsareveryvague.

C.Ittendstoexploitworkers.

D.Ittendstotreatanimalscruelly.

9.WhichofthefollowingmeasurestakenbyDenisHennequinproducedundesiredresult?

A.“FoodStudio”scheme.

B.“OpenDoor”visitordays.

C.The“McPassport”scheme.

D.TheNutritionInformationInitiative.

10.WhatdidDenisHennequindosoastorespondtolocaltrends?

A.setupa“FoodStudio”.

B.establisheda“DesignStudio”.

C.hiredcelebritiesaslocalbrandambassadors.

D.employedlocalbossesasmuchaspossible.

Questions11-14

Completeeachofthefollowingstatements(Questions11-14)withwordsornumbertakenfromReadingPassage1.

WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes11-14onyouranswersheet.

11.AfterJanuary2022,McDonaldwasmakingimprovementfollowingaperiodofslumpinAmericaandAustralia,butsalesinEuropewere………….

12.BusinessofMcDonaldinFranceandBritainwasparticularlygoodinDecembersincecustomerstookto……………..

13.Comparedwithothercountries,FranceisMcDonald’s……….nexttoAmerica.

14.…….ofMcDonald’srestaurantsinAmericaarecompanied–ownedandthefigureismuchlowerthanthatinBritain.

PartII

NotestoReadingPassage1

1.sterling高质量的

e.g.Hehasmanysterlingqualities.他身上有大量优秀的品质。

2.menial不体面的,乏味的(工作、职业)

3.spruceup打扮整齐、美丽、装饰

4.mastermind指挥、谋划(一个筹划或活动)

e.g.Thepoliceknowwhomastermindedtherobbery.警察知道是谁计划了那次抢劫。

5.underperform表现不佳表现出低于标准的工作水平、企业展现蚀本

PartIII

KeysandexplanationstotheQuestions1-14

1.FALSE

SeethesecondsentenceinParagraphA“OneexceptionwasFrance,whereMrHennequinhaddoneasterlingjobasheadofthegroup"sFrenchsubsidiarytosellmoreBigMacstohiscompatriots.Histaskwastoreplicatethissuccessinall41oftheEuropeancountries…”.

2.TRUE

SeethelastsentenceinParagraphD“TheNutritionInformationInitiative,launchedlastyear,putdetailedlabelsonMcDonald"spackagingwithdataoncalories,protein,fat,carbohydratesandsaltcontent.Thedetailsarealsoprintedontray-liners.”

3.NOTGIVEN

SeeParagraphD,EandH“GivenFrance"sreputationasthemostanti-AmericancountryinEurope,itseemsoddthatMcDonald"srevivalinEuropeisbeingledbyaFrenchman,usingideascookedupintheFrenchmarket.”.

4.FALSE

SeethelastsentenceofParagraphHandfirstsentenceofParagraphL“ThemarketwhereMcDonald"sisweakestinEuropeisnotFrance,butBritain…Almosttwo-thirdsofthe1,214McDonald"srestaurantsinBritainarecompany-owned…”

5.TRUE

SeethefirstsentenceofParagraphI“FixingBritainshouldbehispriority,”saysDavidPalmer,arestaurantanalystatUBS”.

6.NOTGIVEN

SeethelastsentenceofParagraphI“Soitshouldsellasmanyunderperformingoutletsaspossible,saysMrPalmer”.

7.D

SeethefirstsentenceofParagraphA“OneexceptionwasFrance,whereMrHennequinhaddoneasterlingjobasheadofthegroup"sFrenchsubsidiarytosellmoreBigMacstohiscompatriots”.

8.B

SeethesecondsentenceofParagraphD“McDonald"sisblamedformakingpeoplefat,exploitingworkers,treatinganimalscruelly,pollutingtheenvironment”

9.C

SeethesecondsentenceofParagraphE“Butsomeofhiseffortshavebackfired:lastyearhesparkedacontroversywiththeintroductionofa“McPassport”thatallowsMcDonald"sempl