




版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题
(总分:100.00,做题时间:180分钟)
一、SectionIUseofEnglish(总题数:1,分数:10.00)
It'snotdifficulttosettargetsforstaff.Itismuch
harder,1,tounderstandtheirnegative
consequences.Mostwork-relatedbehaviorshavemultiple
components.2oneandtheothersbecome
distorted.
TravelonaLondonbusandyouJ113seehowthis
workswithdrivers.Watchpeoplegetonandshowtheirtickets.
Aretheycarefullyinspected?Never.Dopeoplegetonwithout
paying?Ofcourse!Arethereinspectorsto4that
peoplehavepaid?Possibly,butveryfew.Andpeoplewhorun
forthebus?Theyare5.Howaboutjumpinglights?
Busesdosoalmostasfrequentlyascyclists.
Why?Becausethetargetis6.Peoplecomplained
thatbuseswerelateandinfrequent.7,thenumber
ofbusesandbuslaneswereincreased,anddrivers
were8orpunishedaccordingtothetimetheytook.
Anddrivershitthesetargets.Butthey9hit
cyclists.Ifthetargetwaschangedto10,you
wouldhavemoreinspectorsandmoresensitivepricing.Ifthe
criterionchangedtosafety,youwouldget
more11driverswhoobeyedtrafficlaws.Butboth
thesecriteriawouldbeattheexpenseoftime.
Thereisanother12:peoplebecameimmensely
inventiveinhittingtargets.Haveyou13that
youcanleaveonaflightanhourlatebutstillarriveontime?
Tailwinds?Ofcoursenot!Airlineshavesimplychangedthetime
a14ismeanttotake.Aone-hourflightisnow
balladasatwo-hourflight.
The15ofthestoryissimple.Mostjobsare
multidimensional,withmultiplecriteria.Chooseonecriterion
andyoumaywell16others.Everythingcanbe
donefasterandmadecheaper,butthereisa17.
Settingtargetscananddoeshaveunforeseennegative
consequences.
Thisisnotanargumentagainsttarget-setting.Butitisan
argumentforexploringconsequencesfirst.Allgoodtargets
shouldhavemultiplecriteria18critical
factorssuchastime,money,qualityandcustomerfeedback.The
trickisnotonlyto19justoneoreventwo
dimensionsoftheobjective,butalsotounderstandhowtohelp
peoplebetter20theobjective.
(分数:10.0)
(1).(分数:0.5)
A.therefore
B.however正确答案
C.again
D.moreover
解析:
逻辑关系题。观察选项可知,本题考查逻辑关系。比较前后两句语义,
即It'snotdifficultto...(做...不难)和itismuchharder
to...(做...难得多),由notdifficult和muchharder可知,
前后两句语义相反,B项however(提示转折关系)符合原文逻辑关
系。本题答案为B项。
干扰选项:A项therefore(因此)提示因果关系,C项again(又、
再)提示并列关系,D项moreover(而且)提示递进关系,均不符合
原文逻辑关系。
(2).(分数:0.5)
A.Emphasize正确答案
B.Identify
C.Assess
D.Explain
解析:
逻辑关系题。句中one和theother提示对比关系,and前后语义相
反。由and后的theothersbecomedistorted(其余的就被扭曲了)
可知,A项Emphasize(强调)符合原文逻辑关系,即,强调一个,
其余则被忽略扭曲。本题答案为A项。
干扰选项:B项Identify(识别),C项Assess(评估),D项Explain
(解释)均不符合原文逻辑关系。
(3).(分数:0.5)
A.nearly
B.curiously
C.eagerly
D.quickly正确答案
解析:
语境题。代词this指代前一句的观点,即,设定目标会带来负面后
果:只强调一点,其余则被忽略扭曲。本句是对该观点的举例论述。
对比各项语义:A项nearly(几乎),B项curiously(好奇地),C
项eagerly(渴望地)和D项quickly(快速地)。其中D项符合原
文语义,即:坐上伦敦公交车,你很快就会看到这点是如何体现在司
机身上的(TravelonaLondonbusandyou'11quicklyseehow
thisworkswithdrivers)□本题答案为D项。
(4).(分数:0.5)
A.claim
B.prove
C.check正确答案
D.recall
解析:
语境题。观察本段句式特点,可知,本段首句(Watchpeoplegeton
andshowtheirtickets)与下文为总分关系。作者随后以自问自答
的形式,引出在公交车上乘车买票这一场景中几个群体的表现。由前
文Dopeoplegetonwithoutpaying?Ofcourse!(人们会逃票上
车吗?当然!)对乘客表现的提问可知,本句要对检票员(inspectors)
是否尽到检票责任提问。因此C项check(检查)符合原文语义。本
题答案为C项。
干扰选项:A项claim(宣称),B项prove(证明)和D项recall
(记起)均不符合原文语义。
(5).(分数:0.5)
A.threatened
B.ignored正确答案
C.mocked
D.blamed
解析:
语境题。借助前文Arethereinspectorsto4thatpeople
havepaid?Possibly,butveryfew(有检察员检查大家是否支付
吗?可能有,但是很少)可知,本句对赶公交的人这个群体的提问也
涉及到是否买票的问题。根据前文中各个群体的表现可知,他们买票
与否很可能也无人注意。B项ignored(被忽视)符合语义,本题答
案为B项。
干扰选项:A项threatened(被威胁),C项mocked(被嘲弄)和D
项blamed(被责备)均不符合原文语义。
(6).(分数:0.5)
A.punctuality正确答案
B.hospitality
C.competition
D.innovation
解析:
逻辑关系题。本句为段首句,本段下文与段首句为总分关系,语义一
致。借助下文中driverswere8orpunishedaccording
tothetimetheytook(司机根据所用的时长获得8或惩
罚),以及Anddrivershittheirtargets(司机们达到他们的目
标),可知,本句的target(目标)与时间有关。A项punctuality
(准时)符合原文逻辑关系。
干扰选项:B项hospitality(好客),C项competition(竞争)和
D项innovation(创新)均不符合原文逻辑关系。
(7).(分数:0.5)
A.Yes
B.So正确答案
C.Besides
D.Still
解析:
逻辑关系题。观察选项可知,本题考查句间逻辑关系。比较前后两句
语义,即Peoplecomplainedthatbuseswerelateandinfrequent
(人们抱怨公交车晚点且班次较少)和thenumberofbusesandbus
laneswereincreased(公交车和公交车道的数量增加),可知二者
为因果关系,即,人们抱怨为因,增加公交车数量为果。B项So(所
以)符合原文逻辑关系。本题答案为B项。
干扰选项:A项Yes(确实如此),C项Besides(此外)和D项Still
(仍然)均不符合原文逻辑关系。
(8).(分数:0.5)
A.hired
B.trained
C.rewarded正确答案
D.grouped
解析:
逻辑关系题。or(或者)提示选择关系,由or后面的punished(惩
罚)可知,C项rewarded(奖励)符合原文逻辑,即,根据所花时长,
司机们或接受奖励或遭受惩罚。本题答案为C项。
干扰选项:A项hired(被雇佣),B项trained(被培训)和D项
grouped(被分组)均不符合原文逻辑关系。
(9).(分数:0.5)
A.only
B.rather
C.once
D.also正确答案
解析:
逻辑关系题。观察选项可知,本题考查句间逻辑关系。比较上句
drivershitthesetargets与本句they9hitcyclists,
可发现,hit为原词复现,提示两句为平行结构,D项also(也)符
合原文逻辑,即,两个hit两个目标:前者hit到的是真正目标;后
者hit到的是cyclists,意为误撞。由此引出设定目标带来的负面
后果。本题答案为D项。
干扰选项:A项only(只有),B项rather(宁可)和C项once(一
旦)均不符合原文语义。
(10).(分数:0.5)
A.comfort
B.revenue正确答案
C.efficiency
D.security
解析:
语境题。根据后半句youwouldhavemoreinspectorsandmore
sensitivepricing(你将会看到更多检票员和更敏感的价格)可一知,
本题与金钱有关。B项revenue(收益)符合原文语义。本题答案为
B项。
干扰选项:A项comfort(舒适),C项efficiency(效率)和D项
security(安全)均不符合原文语义。
(11).(分数:0.5)
A.friendly
B.quiet
C.cautious正确答案
D.diligent
解析:
语境题。本句选项均为修饰drivers(司机)的形容词,根据本句If
thecriterionchangedtosafety(如果把标准改为安全性)可知,
修饰司机的形容词需要体现司机安全驾驶的能力。因此D项cautious
(谨慎的)符合原文语义,即,你将会看到更加谨慎且遵守交通规则
的司机。本题答案为C项。
干扰选项:A项friendly(友好的),B项quiet(安静的)和D项
diligent(勤勉的)均不符合原文语义。
(12).(分数:0.5)
A.purpose
B.problem正确答案
C.prejudice
D.policy
解析:
逻辑关系题。another提示本句与前文语义一致。根据上句Butboth
thesecriterionwouldbeattheexpenseoftime(止匕处criterion
可理解为target,意为:但这两个标准都将以牺牲时间为代价),
可知,前文在说设立目标所致的负面影响。B项problem(问题)可
与前文的负面影响进行呼应,符合原文逻辑关系。本题答案为B项。
干扰选项:A项purpose(目的),C项prejudice(偏见)和D项
policy(政策)均不符合原文逻辑关系。
(13).(分数:0.5)
A.reported
B.revealed
C.admitted
D.noticed正确答案
解析:
语境题。比较各项语义,A项reported(报道),B项revealed(揭
露),C项admitted(承认)和D项noticed(注意到),可知,D
项符合原文语义,即:你是否注意到,飞机起飞迟了一小时,却仍然
准时到达?本题答案为D项。
(14).(分数:0.5)
A.break
B.trip正确答案
C.departure
D.transfer
解析:
语境题。根据13题所在句语义“飞机起飞迟了一小时,却仍然准时
至!J达“,及下句Aone-hourflightisnowbilledasatwo-hour
flight(一小时的航程按两个小时收费)可知,此处,航空公司改变
的是trip(旅程、航程)应花的时长。本题答案为B项。
干扰选项:A项break(休息),C项departure(离开)和D项transfer
(转移)均不符合原文语义。
(15).(分数:0.5)
A.moral正确答案
B.background
C.style
D.form
解析:
语境题。thestory指代前文航空公司为准时到达而修改航班实际时
长,本句是对该故事的总结。A项moral(寓意)与story组成“the
moralofthestory",意为“该故事的寓意“,符合原文语义。本
题答案为A。
干扰选项:B项background(背景),C项style(风格)和D项form
(形式)均不符合原文语义。
(16).(分数:0.5)
A.interpret
B.criticize
C.sacrifice正确答案
D.tolerate
解析:
逻辑关系题。one和others提示对比,and前后内容语义相反。而且,
本句与前一句所组成的结构"Mostjobsaremultidimensional,
withmultiplecriteria.Chooseonecriterionandyoumay
well16others与首段最后两句的结构Mostwork-related
behaviorshavemultiplecomponents.2oneandthe
othersbecomedistorted相似,语义也相近。借助首段对应部分的
theothersbecomedistorted可知,C项符合原文逻辑关系,即:
选择一个标准,你可能就要牺牲另一个。本题答案为C项。
干扰选项:A项interpret(诠释),B项criticize(批评)和D项
tolerate(容忍),均不符合原文逻辑关系。
(17).(分数:0.5)
A.task
B.secret
C.product
D.cost正确答案
解析:
逻辑关系题。本句中的but提示前后语义相反。由前半句Everything
canbedonefasterandmadecheaper(每件事都可以完成得很快,
成本很低)可知,D项cost(代价)符合原文逻辑关系,即:但这是
有代价的。本题答案为D项。
干扰选项:A项task(任务),B项secret(秘密)和C项product
(产品)均不符合原文逻辑关系。
(18).(分数:0.5)
A.leadingto
B.callingfor
C.relatingto正确答案
D.accountingfor
解析:
语境题。本题考查连接multiplecriteria和criticalfactors的
形容词短语语义。比较各选项语义,A项leadingto(导致),B项
callingfor(要求),C项relatingto(关于)和D项accounting
for(对……作出解释),可知,C项符合原文语义,即,所有好的
目标都应具有与关键因素(如时间、金钱、质量和用户反馈)相关的
多个标准。本题答案为C项。
(19).(分数:0.5)
A.specify正确答案
B.predict
C.restore
D.create
解析:
逻辑关系题。notonly...butalso提示递进关系,借助understand
可知,先确定目标才能进一步理解目标,所以A项specify(明确规
定)符合原文逻辑关系,即,诀窍是不仅要确定目标的一个甚至两个
方面,而且要理解……。本题答案为A项。
干扰选项:B项predict(预测),C项restore(恢复)和D项create
(创造)均不符合原文逻辑关系。
(20).(分数:0.5)
A.modify
B.review
C.present
D.achieve正确答案
解析:
语境题。比较各项语义,A项modify(修改),B项review(复习)
和C项present(展示)和D项achieve(实现),可知D项最符合
原文语义,即,实现目标(achievetheobjective)0本题答案为
Do
二、SectionIIReadingComprehension(总题数:0,分数:0.00)
三、PartA(总题数:4,分数:40.00)
Text1
“Reskilling“issomethingthatsounds1ikeabuzzwordbutis
actuallyarequirementifweplantohaveafuturewherealot
ofwould-beworkersdonotgetleftbehind.Weknowwearemoving
intoaperiodwherethejobsindemandwi11changerapidly,as
willtherequirementsofthejobsthatremain.Researchbythe
WorldEconomicForumfindsthatonaverage42percentofthe
“coreskills“withinjobroleswillchangeby2022.Thatis
averyshorttimeline.
Thequestionofwhoshouldpayforreskillingisathornyone.
Forindividualcompanies,thetemptationisalwaystoletgo
ofworkerswhoseskillsarenolongerindemandandreplacethem
withthosewhoseskillsare.Thatdoesnotalwayshappen.AT&T
isoftengivenasthegoldstandardofacompanythatdecided
todoamassivereskillingprogramratherthangowitha
fire-and-hirestrategy.Othercompanieshadalsopledgedto
createtheirownplans.Whentheskillsmismatchisinthe
broadereconomy,though,thefocususuallyturnstogovernment
tohandle.EffortsinCanadaandelsewherehavebeenarguably
languidatbest,andhavegivenusasituationwherewe
frequentlyhearofemployersbeggingforworkers,evenattimes
andinregionswhereunemploymentishigh.
Withthepandemic,unemploymentisveryhighindeed.In
February,at3.5percentand5.5percentrespectively,
unemploymentratesinCanadaandtheUnitedStateswereat
generationallowsandworkershortageswereeverywhere.Asof
May,thoserateshadspikedupto13.3percentand13.7per
cent,andalthoughmanyworkershortageshaddisappeared,not
allhaddoneso.Inthemedicalfield,totakeanobviousexample,
thepandemicmeantthattherewerestillclearshortagesof
doctors,nursesandothermedicalpersonnel.
Ofcourse,itisnotlikeyoucantakeanunemployedwaiterand
trainhimtobeadoctorinafewweeks.Butevenifyoucannot
closethatgap,maybeyoucancloseothers,anddoingsowould
betothebenefitofallconcerned.Thatseemstobethecase
inSweden:Whenforcedtofurlough90percentoftheircabin
staff,ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedtostartupashort
retrainingprogramthatreskilledthelaid-offworkersto
supporthospitalstaff.Theeffortwasacollectiveoneand
involvedothercompaniesaswellasaSwedishuniversity.
(分数:10)
(1).ResearchbytheWorldEconomicForumsuggests.
(分数:2)
A.acontroversyaboutthe“coreskills”
B.anincreaseinfull-timeemployment
C.anurgentdemandfornewjobskills正确答案
D.asteadygrowthofjobopportunities
解析:
本题为细节题。根据题干关键词ResearchbytheWorldEconomic
Forum定位到第一段③句,由42percentofthe"coreskills”
withinjobroleswillchange可知大量工作"核心技能”将发生
变化。C项anurgentdemandfornewjobskills/寸新工作技能的
迫切需求)符合题意。所以本题选C。
(2).AT&Tiscitedtoshow.
(分数:2)
A.animmediateneedforgovernmentsupport
B.analternativetothefire-and-hirestrategy正确答案
C.thecharacteristicsofreskillingprograms
D.theimportanceofstaffappraisalstandards
解析:
本题为例证题。根据题干关键词AT&T定位到第二段④句:AT&Tis
oftengivenasthegoldstandardofacompanythatdecidedto
doamassivereskillingprogramratherthangowitha
fire-and-hirestrategyoB项analternativetothefire-and-hire
strategy(解雇和雇佣策略的替代方案)是对ratherthangowitha
fire-and-hirestrategy(而不是推行解雇和雇佣策略)的同义替换。
所以本题选B。
(3).EffortstoresolvetheskillsmismatchinCanada.
(分数:2)
A.haveappearedtobeinsufficient正确答案
B.havedrivenuplabourcosts
C.haveprovedtobeinconsistent
D.havemetwithfierceopposition
解析:
本题为细节题。根据题干关键词skillsmismatch、Canada定位到第
二段⑦句:EffortsinCanadaandelsewherehavebeenarguably
languidatbest,andhavegivenusasituationwherewe
frequentlyhearofemployersbeggingforworkers,evenattimes
andinregionswhereunemploymentishigh,A项haveappeared
tobeinsufficient(似乎不够)是对⑦句中languid(虚弱无力的),
以及“employersbeggingforworkersVSunemploymentishigh(雇
主缺人VS失业率高)”这一困境的合理概括。所以本题选A。
(4).WecanlearnfromParagraph3thattherewas.
(分数:2)
A.asignofeconomicrecovery
B.acallforpolicyadjustment
C.achangeinhiringpractices
D.alackofmedicalworkers正确答案
解析:
本题为细节题。根据题干Paragraph3定位到第三段。本段①句是论
点“疫情期间失业率很高”。②③句是数据论据;④句是事例论据,
以医疗领域为例,证明人员的紧缺。D项alackofmedical
workers(医疗工作者短缺)对应④句therewerestillclear
shortagesofdoctors,nursesandothermedicalpersonnel所
以本题选D。
(5).ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedto.
(分数:2)
A.createjobvacanciesfortheunemployed
B.retraintheircabinstaffforbetterservices
C.preparetheirlaid-offworkersforotherjobs正确答案
D.financetheirstaffJscollegeeducation
解析:
本题为细节题。根据题干关键词ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedto
定位到第四段③句ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedtostartupa
shortretrainingprogramthatreskilledthelaid-offworkers
tosupporthospitalstaff0C项preparetheirlaid-offworkers
forotherjobs(帮助他们的失业员工为其它工作做准备)对应③句
reskiliedthelaid-offworkerstosupporthospitalstaff所
以本题选C。
Text2
Withtheglobalpopulationpredictedtohitcloseto10billion
by2050,andforecaststhatagriculturalproductioninsome
regionswillneedtonearlydoubletokeeppace,foodsecurity
isincreasinglymakingheadlines.IntheUK,ithasbecomea
bigtalkingpointrecentlytoo,foraratherparticularreason:
Brexit.
Brexitisseenbysomeasanopportunitytoreversearecent
trendtowardstheUKimportingfood.Thecountryproducesonly
about60percentofthefooditeats,downfromalmost
three-quartersinthelate1980s.Amovebackto
self-sufficiency,theargumentgoes,wouldboostthefarming
industry,politicalsovereigntyandeventhenation,shealth.
Soundsgreat—buthowfeasibleisthisvision?
AccordingtoareportonUKfoodproductionfromtheUniversity
ofLeeds,UK,85percentofthecountry,stotallandareais
associatedwithmeatanddairyproduction.Thatsupplies80per
centofwhatisconsumed,soevencoveringthewholecountry
inlivestockfarmswouldn'tallowustocoveral1ourmeatand
dairyneeds.
Therearemanycaveatstothosefigures,buttheyarestill
grave.Tobecomemuchmoreself-sufficient,theUKwouldneed
todrasticallyreduceitsconsumptionofanimalfoods,and
probablyalsofarmmoreintensively—meaningfewergreen
fields,andmorefactory-styleproduction.
Butswitchingtoamainlyplant-baseddietwouldn'thelp.
ThereisagoodreasonwhytheUKisdominatedbyanimal
husbandry:mostofitsterraindoesn'thavetherightsoi1or
climatetogrowcropsonacommercialbasis.Just25percent
ofthecountry'slandissuitableforcrop-growing,mostof
whichisalreadyoccupiedbyarablefields.Evenifweconverted
allthesuitablelandtofieldsoffruitandv需whichwould
involvetakingoutallthenaturereservesandremoving
thousandsofpeoplefromtheirhomes-wewouldachieveonlya
30percentboostincropproduction.
Just23percentofthefruitandvegetablesconsumedinthe
UKarecurrentlyhome-grown,soevenwiththemostextreme
measureswecouldmeetonly30percentofourfreshproduce
needs.Thatisbeforewelookforthespacetogrowthegrains,
sugars,seedsandoilsthatprovideuswiththevastbulkof
ourcurrentcalorieintake.
(分数:10)
(1).Somepeoplearguethatfoodself-sufficiencyintheUK
would.
(分数:2)
A.behinderedbyitspopulationgrowth
B.contributetothenation'swell-being正确答案
C.becomeapriorityofthegovernment
D.poseachallengetoitsfarmingindustry
解析:
本题为细节题。根据题干关键词foodself-sufficiency定位到第二
段③句;Amovebacktoself-sufficiency,theargumentgoes,
wou1dboostthefarmingindustry,politicalsovereigntyand
eventhenation'shealthocontributeto是对boost的同义替
换,well-being是对health的同义替换。所以本题选B。
(2).ThereportbytheUniversityofLeedsshowsthatintheUK
(分数:2)
A.farmlandhasbeeninefficientlyutilized
B.factory-styleproductionneedsreforming
C.mostlandisusedformeatanddairyproduction正确答
案
D.moregreenfieldswillbeconvertedforfarming
解析:
本题为细节题。根据题干关键词ThereportbytheUniversityof
Leeds定位到第三段①句:AccordingtoareportonUKfood
productionfromtheUniversityofLeeds,UK,85percentofthe
countryJstotallandareaisassociatedwithmeatanddairy
productionomostlandisusedformeatanddairyproduction
对应85percentofthecountry?stotallandareaisassociated
withmeatanddairyproduction。所以本题选C。
(3).Crop-growingintheUKisrestricteddueto.
(分数:2)
A.itsfarmingtechnology
B.itsdietarytradition
C.itsnaturalconditions正确答案
D.itscommercialinterests
解析:
本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Crop-growingisrestricted先定
位到第五段③句:Just25percentofthecountry'slandis
suitableforcrop-growing,mostofwhichisalreadyoccupied
byarablefields,但该句并没有解释英国农作物种植受限的原因。
②句指出,“英国以畜牧业为主是有充分理由的:其大部分地区的土
壤或气候不适合农作物商业化种植"(Thereisagoodreasonwhy
theUKisdominatedbyanimalhusbandry:mostofitsterrain
doesn'thavetherightsoi1orclimatetogrowcropsona
commercialbasis),由此可得知,英国农作物种植受限是因为其缺
少适合的土壤和气候,属于自然环境因素。naturalconditions是
对soilorclimate的概括。所以本题选C。
(4).ItcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatBritish
people.
(分数:2)
A.relylargelyonimportsforfreshproduce正确答案
B.enjoyasteadyriseinfruitconsumption
C.areseekingeffectivewaystocutcalorieintake
D.aretryingtogrownewvarietiesofgrains
解析:
本题为细节题。根据题干中的thelastparagraph模糊定位到最后
一段,①句指出,“目前,英国人食用的果蔬中只有23%是本土产出
的,因此,尽管我们用尽所有的方法,也只能满足30%的新鲜农产品
需求”(Just23percentofthefruitandvegetablesconsumed
intheUKarecurrentlyhome-grown,soevenwiththemost
extrememeasureswecouldmeetonly30percentofourfresh
produceneeds.),由此可得知,英国人对新鲜农产品的需求不能仅
仅依靠国内提供,大部分要依赖于进口。所以本题选A。
(5).Theauthor'sattitudetofoodselfsufficiencyintheUK
is.
(分数:2)
A.defensive
B.doubtful正确答案
C.tolerant
D.optimistic
解析:
本题为态度题。题干中的关键词foodself-sufficiency为本文话题
词,首次出现在第二段③句,然后④句对此提出问题:听起来不错一一
但这种(自给自足的)愿景可行吗?(Soundsgreat—buthowfeasible
isthisvision?)o随后,作者从第三段到最后一段一直在论证自给
自足的困难,由此可得知,作者的态度更倾向于怀疑。所以本题选B。
Text3
WhenMicrosoftboughttaskmanagementappWunderlistandmobile
calendarSunrisein2015,itpickeduptwonewcomersthatwere
attractingconsiderablebuzzinSiliconValley.MicrosoftJs
ownOfficedominatesthemarketfor“productivity“software,
butthestart-upsrepresentedanewwaveoftechnologydesigned
fromthegroundupforthesmartphoneworld.
Bothapps,however,werelaterscrapped,afterMicrosoftsaid
ithadusedtheirbestfeaturesinitsownproducts.Theirteams
ofengineersstayedon,makingthemtwoofthemany
“acqui-hires“thatthebiggestcompanieshaveusedtofed
theirinsatiablehungerfortechtalent.
ToMicrosoftJscritics,thefatesofWunderlistandSunrise
areexamplesofaremorselessdrivebyBigTechtochewupany
innovativecompaniesthatlieintheirpath."Theyboughtthe
seedlingsandclosedthemdown,“complainedPaulArnold,a
partneratSanFrancisco-basedSwitchVentures,puttingpaid
tobusinessesthatmightonedayturnintocompetitors.
Microsoftdeclinedtocomment.
Likeotherstart-upinvestors,MrArnold'sownbusinessoften
dependsonsellingstart-upstolargertechcompanies,though
headmitstomixedfeelingsabouttheresult:"Ithinkthese
thingsaregoodforme,ifIputmyselfishhaton.Butarethey
goodfortheAmericaneconomy?Idon,tknow.”
TheUSFederalTradeCommissionsaysitwantstofindtheanswer
tothatquestion.Thisweek,itaskedthefivemostvaluable
UStechcompaniesforinformationabouttheirmanysmall
acquisitionsoverthepastdecade.Althoughonlyaresearch
projectatthisstage,therequesthasraisedtheprospectof
regulatorswadingintoearly-stagetechmarketsthatuntilnow
havebeenbeyondtheirreach.
Giventheircombinedmarketvalueofmorethan$5.5tn,rifling
throughsuchsmalldeals―manyofthemmuchlessprominent
thanWunderlistandSunrise—mightseembesidethepoint.
Betweenthem,thefivecompanies(Apple,Microsoft,Google,
AmazonandFacebook)havespentanaverageofonly$3.4bnayear
onsub-$lbnacquisitionsoverthepastfiveyears•—adropin
theoceancomparedwiththeirmassivefinancialreserves,and
themorethan$130bnofventurecapitalthatwasinvestedin
theUSlastyear.
However,criticssaythatthebigcompaniesusesuchdealsto
buytheirmostthreateningpotentialcompetitorsbeforetheir
businesseshaveachancetogainmomentum,insomecasesaspart
ofa“buyandkill“tactictosimplyclosethemdown.
(分数:10)
(1).WhatistrueaboutWunderlistandSunriseaftertheir
acquisitions?
(分数:2)
A.Theirmarketvaluesdeclined.
B.Theirengineerswereretained.正确答案
C.Theirtechfeaturesimproved.
D.Theirproductswerere-priced.
解析:
本题为细节题。根据题干关键词WunderlistandSunrise定位到第
一段①句和第三段①句。这两句无法解题,需结合上下文。文章第一
段引出事件:Microsoft收购Wunderlist和Sunrise,第二段介绍
这两家初创企业被收购后所发生的事情,第三段介绍批评者对
Microsoft此行为的评价。B项Theirengineerswereretained(他
们的工程师被保留了下来)是对第二段②句中的Theirteamsof
engineersstayedon(他们的工程师团队留了下来)的同义替换。所
以本题选B。
(2).MicrosoftJscriticsbelievethatthebigtechcompanies
tendto.
(分数:2)
A.exaggeratetheirproductquality
B.treatnewtechtalentunfairly
C.eliminatetheirpotentialcompetitors正确答案
D.ignorepublicopinions
解析:
本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Microsofts'critics定位到第三
段①句:ToMicrosoftJscritics,thefatesofWunderlistand
SunriseareexamplesofaremorselessdrivebyBigTechtochew
upanyinnovativecompaniesthatlieintheirpathoC项
eliminatetheirpotentialcompetitors俏灭他们潜在的竞争对手)
是对chewupinnovativecompaniesthatlieintheirpath(毁
掉挡他们路的创新公司)的同义替换。所以本题选C。
(3).PaulArnoldisconcernedthatsmallacquisitionsmight
(分数:2)
A.weakenbigtechcompanies
B.worsenmarketcompetition
C.discouragestart-upinvestors
D.harmthenationaleconomy正确答案
解析:
本题为细节题。根据题干关键词PaulArnold定位到第三段②句和第
四段。第三段②句指出Arnold对科技巨头将本可以发展成为其竞争
对手的初创公司扼杀在萌芽阶段这一做法的不满,第四段进一步介绍
Arnold作为初创公司投资人对科技巨头收购行为的看法。D项harm
thenationaleconomy(损害国家经济)是对第四段中的Ithinkthese
thingsaregoodformeButaretheygoodfortheAmerican
economy?Idon'tknow(我觉得这些对我有好处...但它们对美国
经济有好处吗?我不知道)的合理推断。所以本题选C。
(4).TheUSFederalTradeCommissionintendsto.
(分数:2)
A.supervisestart-upsJoperations
B.encourageresearchcollaboration
C.1imitBigTech'sexpansion
D.examinesmallacquisitions正确答案
解析:
本题为细节题。根据题干关键词TheUSFederalTradeCommission
定位到第五段①句,该句无法解题,继续看下文。②句紧接着介绍
USFederalTradeCommission的做法:Thisweek,itaskedthefive
mostvaluableUStechcompaniesforinformationabouttheir
manysmallacquisitionsoverthepastdecadeoD项examinesmall
acquisitions(调查小规模收购)是对askedforinformation
abouttheirmanysmallacquisitions向...询问他们许多小规模
收购的相关信息)的概括总结。所以本题选D。
(5).Forthefivebiggesttechcompanies,theirsmall
acquisitionshave.
(分数:2)
A.raisedfewmanagementchallenges
B.broughtlittlefinancialpressure正确答案
C.setanexampleforfuturedeals
D.generatedconsiderableprofits
解析:
本题为细节题。根据题干关键词thefivebiggesttechcompanies
定位到第六段②句:Betweenthem,thefivecompanies(Apple,
Microsoft,Google,AmazonandFacebook)havespentanaverage
ofonly$3.4bnayearonsub-$lbnacquisitionsoverthepast
fiveyears—adropintheoceancomparedwiththeirmassive
financialreserves,andthemorethan$130bnofventurecapital
thatwasinvestedintheUSlastyear。B项broughtlittle
financialpressure(几乎没有带来资金压力)是对adropinthe
oceancomparedwiththeirmassivefinancialreserves(与他们
庞大的资金储备相比,这只是沧海一粟)的合理推断。所以本题选B。
Text4
We'refairlygoodatjudgingpeoplebasedonfirstimpressions,
thinslicesofexperienc
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2025届江西省部分学校高三下学期5月联考政治试题
- 出纳会计实务
- 2025年二级建造师《机电工程管理与实务》试题(网友回忆版)
- 2025年初级会计师《初级会计实务》模拟试卷二
- 重点复习计算机二级试题及答案筛选
- 财务成本管理流程的优化试题及答案
- 试析现代作家的创作主题试题及答案
- 必考VFP知识点总结试题及答案
- 最佳策略2025年计算机二级ACCESS试题及答案
- 理解数据安全性在软件测试中的作用与管理试题及答案
- 故都的秋课文原文
- 【上市公司应收账款审计失败原因及应对措施探究:以立信所审计风华高科公司为例(论文)10000字】
- 《长征胜利万岁》教学设计 2024-2025学年统编版高中语文选择性必修上册
- 2024年上海高考数学真题试题(原卷版+含解析)
- 2024年个人劳务承包合同书
- 人工智能原理及MATLAB实现 课件 第2章 机器学习
- 宣传费用结算合同
- 苹果行业竞争对手分析分析
- 公安局指挥中心工作总结
- 林业创业计划书
- 冠状动脉粥样硬化的护理查房
评论
0/150
提交评论