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2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题

(总分:100.00,做题时间:180分钟)

一、SectionIUseofEnglish(总题数:1,分数:10.00)

It'snotdifficulttosettargetsforstaff.Itismuch

harder,1,tounderstandtheirnegative

consequences.Mostwork-relatedbehaviorshavemultiple

components.2oneandtheothersbecome

distorted.

TravelonaLondonbusandyouJ113seehowthis

workswithdrivers.Watchpeoplegetonandshowtheirtickets.

Aretheycarefullyinspected?Never.Dopeoplegetonwithout

paying?Ofcourse!Arethereinspectorsto4that

peoplehavepaid?Possibly,butveryfew.Andpeoplewhorun

forthebus?Theyare5.Howaboutjumpinglights?

Busesdosoalmostasfrequentlyascyclists.

Why?Becausethetargetis6.Peoplecomplained

thatbuseswerelateandinfrequent.7,thenumber

ofbusesandbuslaneswereincreased,anddrivers

were8orpunishedaccordingtothetimetheytook.

Anddrivershitthesetargets.Butthey9hit

cyclists.Ifthetargetwaschangedto10,you

wouldhavemoreinspectorsandmoresensitivepricing.Ifthe

criterionchangedtosafety,youwouldget

more11driverswhoobeyedtrafficlaws.Butboth

thesecriteriawouldbeattheexpenseoftime.

Thereisanother12:peoplebecameimmensely

inventiveinhittingtargets.Haveyou13that

youcanleaveonaflightanhourlatebutstillarriveontime?

Tailwinds?Ofcoursenot!Airlineshavesimplychangedthetime

a14ismeanttotake.Aone-hourflightisnow

balladasatwo-hourflight.

The15ofthestoryissimple.Mostjobsare

multidimensional,withmultiplecriteria.Chooseonecriterion

andyoumaywell16others.Everythingcanbe

donefasterandmadecheaper,butthereisa17.

Settingtargetscananddoeshaveunforeseennegative

consequences.

Thisisnotanargumentagainsttarget-setting.Butitisan

argumentforexploringconsequencesfirst.Allgoodtargets

shouldhavemultiplecriteria18critical

factorssuchastime,money,qualityandcustomerfeedback.The

trickisnotonlyto19justoneoreventwo

dimensionsoftheobjective,butalsotounderstandhowtohelp

peoplebetter20theobjective.

(分数:10.0)

(1).(分数:0.5)

A.therefore

B.however正确答案

C.again

D.moreover

解析:

逻辑关系题。观察选项可知,本题考查逻辑关系。比较前后两句语义,

即It'snotdifficultto...(做...不难)和itismuchharder

to...(做...难得多),由notdifficult和muchharder可知,

前后两句语义相反,B项however(提示转折关系)符合原文逻辑关

系。本题答案为B项。

干扰选项:A项therefore(因此)提示因果关系,C项again(又、

再)提示并列关系,D项moreover(而且)提示递进关系,均不符合

原文逻辑关系。

(2).(分数:0.5)

A.Emphasize正确答案

B.Identify

C.Assess

D.Explain

解析:

逻辑关系题。句中one和theother提示对比关系,and前后语义相

反。由and后的theothersbecomedistorted(其余的就被扭曲了)

可知,A项Emphasize(强调)符合原文逻辑关系,即,强调一个,

其余则被忽略扭曲。本题答案为A项。

干扰选项:B项Identify(识别),C项Assess(评估),D项Explain

(解释)均不符合原文逻辑关系。

(3).(分数:0.5)

A.nearly

B.curiously

C.eagerly

D.quickly正确答案

解析:

语境题。代词this指代前一句的观点,即,设定目标会带来负面后

果:只强调一点,其余则被忽略扭曲。本句是对该观点的举例论述。

对比各项语义:A项nearly(几乎),B项curiously(好奇地),C

项eagerly(渴望地)和D项quickly(快速地)。其中D项符合原

文语义,即:坐上伦敦公交车,你很快就会看到这点是如何体现在司

机身上的(TravelonaLondonbusandyou'11quicklyseehow

thisworkswithdrivers)□本题答案为D项。

(4).(分数:0.5)

A.claim

B.prove

C.check正确答案

D.recall

解析:

语境题。观察本段句式特点,可知,本段首句(Watchpeoplegeton

andshowtheirtickets)与下文为总分关系。作者随后以自问自答

的形式,引出在公交车上乘车买票这一场景中几个群体的表现。由前

文Dopeoplegetonwithoutpaying?Ofcourse!(人们会逃票上

车吗?当然!)对乘客表现的提问可知,本句要对检票员(inspectors)

是否尽到检票责任提问。因此C项check(检查)符合原文语义。本

题答案为C项。

干扰选项:A项claim(宣称),B项prove(证明)和D项recall

(记起)均不符合原文语义。

(5).(分数:0.5)

A.threatened

B.ignored正确答案

C.mocked

D.blamed

解析:

语境题。借助前文Arethereinspectorsto4thatpeople

havepaid?Possibly,butveryfew(有检察员检查大家是否支付

吗?可能有,但是很少)可知,本句对赶公交的人这个群体的提问也

涉及到是否买票的问题。根据前文中各个群体的表现可知,他们买票

与否很可能也无人注意。B项ignored(被忽视)符合语义,本题答

案为B项。

干扰选项:A项threatened(被威胁),C项mocked(被嘲弄)和D

项blamed(被责备)均不符合原文语义。

(6).(分数:0.5)

A.punctuality正确答案

B.hospitality

C.competition

D.innovation

解析:

逻辑关系题。本句为段首句,本段下文与段首句为总分关系,语义一

致。借助下文中driverswere8orpunishedaccording

tothetimetheytook(司机根据所用的时长获得8或惩

罚),以及Anddrivershittheirtargets(司机们达到他们的目

标),可知,本句的target(目标)与时间有关。A项punctuality

(准时)符合原文逻辑关系。

干扰选项:B项hospitality(好客),C项competition(竞争)和

D项innovation(创新)均不符合原文逻辑关系。

(7).(分数:0.5)

A.Yes

B.So正确答案

C.Besides

D.Still

解析:

逻辑关系题。观察选项可知,本题考查句间逻辑关系。比较前后两句

语义,即Peoplecomplainedthatbuseswerelateandinfrequent

(人们抱怨公交车晚点且班次较少)和thenumberofbusesandbus

laneswereincreased(公交车和公交车道的数量增加),可知二者

为因果关系,即,人们抱怨为因,增加公交车数量为果。B项So(所

以)符合原文逻辑关系。本题答案为B项。

干扰选项:A项Yes(确实如此),C项Besides(此外)和D项Still

(仍然)均不符合原文逻辑关系。

(8).(分数:0.5)

A.hired

B.trained

C.rewarded正确答案

D.grouped

解析:

逻辑关系题。or(或者)提示选择关系,由or后面的punished(惩

罚)可知,C项rewarded(奖励)符合原文逻辑,即,根据所花时长,

司机们或接受奖励或遭受惩罚。本题答案为C项。

干扰选项:A项hired(被雇佣),B项trained(被培训)和D项

grouped(被分组)均不符合原文逻辑关系。

(9).(分数:0.5)

A.only

B.rather

C.once

D.also正确答案

解析:

逻辑关系题。观察选项可知,本题考查句间逻辑关系。比较上句

drivershitthesetargets与本句they9hitcyclists,

可发现,hit为原词复现,提示两句为平行结构,D项also(也)符

合原文逻辑,即,两个hit两个目标:前者hit到的是真正目标;后

者hit到的是cyclists,意为误撞。由此引出设定目标带来的负面

后果。本题答案为D项。

干扰选项:A项only(只有),B项rather(宁可)和C项once(一

旦)均不符合原文语义。

(10).(分数:0.5)

A.comfort

B.revenue正确答案

C.efficiency

D.security

解析:

语境题。根据后半句youwouldhavemoreinspectorsandmore

sensitivepricing(你将会看到更多检票员和更敏感的价格)可一知,

本题与金钱有关。B项revenue(收益)符合原文语义。本题答案为

B项。

干扰选项:A项comfort(舒适),C项efficiency(效率)和D项

security(安全)均不符合原文语义。

(11).(分数:0.5)

A.friendly

B.quiet

C.cautious正确答案

D.diligent

解析:

语境题。本句选项均为修饰drivers(司机)的形容词,根据本句If

thecriterionchangedtosafety(如果把标准改为安全性)可知,

修饰司机的形容词需要体现司机安全驾驶的能力。因此D项cautious

(谨慎的)符合原文语义,即,你将会看到更加谨慎且遵守交通规则

的司机。本题答案为C项。

干扰选项:A项friendly(友好的),B项quiet(安静的)和D项

diligent(勤勉的)均不符合原文语义。

(12).(分数:0.5)

A.purpose

B.problem正确答案

C.prejudice

D.policy

解析:

逻辑关系题。another提示本句与前文语义一致。根据上句Butboth

thesecriterionwouldbeattheexpenseoftime(止匕处criterion

可理解为target,意为:但这两个标准都将以牺牲时间为代价),

可知,前文在说设立目标所致的负面影响。B项problem(问题)可

与前文的负面影响进行呼应,符合原文逻辑关系。本题答案为B项。

干扰选项:A项purpose(目的),C项prejudice(偏见)和D项

policy(政策)均不符合原文逻辑关系。

(13).(分数:0.5)

A.reported

B.revealed

C.admitted

D.noticed正确答案

解析:

语境题。比较各项语义,A项reported(报道),B项revealed(揭

露),C项admitted(承认)和D项noticed(注意到),可知,D

项符合原文语义,即:你是否注意到,飞机起飞迟了一小时,却仍然

准时到达?本题答案为D项。

(14).(分数:0.5)

A.break

B.trip正确答案

C.departure

D.transfer

解析:

语境题。根据13题所在句语义“飞机起飞迟了一小时,却仍然准时

至!J达“,及下句Aone-hourflightisnowbilledasatwo-hour

flight(一小时的航程按两个小时收费)可知,此处,航空公司改变

的是trip(旅程、航程)应花的时长。本题答案为B项。

干扰选项:A项break(休息),C项departure(离开)和D项transfer

(转移)均不符合原文语义。

(15).(分数:0.5)

A.moral正确答案

B.background

C.style

D.form

解析:

语境题。thestory指代前文航空公司为准时到达而修改航班实际时

长,本句是对该故事的总结。A项moral(寓意)与story组成“the

moralofthestory",意为“该故事的寓意“,符合原文语义。本

题答案为A。

干扰选项:B项background(背景),C项style(风格)和D项form

(形式)均不符合原文语义。

(16).(分数:0.5)

A.interpret

B.criticize

C.sacrifice正确答案

D.tolerate

解析:

逻辑关系题。one和others提示对比,and前后内容语义相反。而且,

本句与前一句所组成的结构"Mostjobsaremultidimensional,

withmultiplecriteria.Chooseonecriterionandyoumay

well16others与首段最后两句的结构Mostwork-related

behaviorshavemultiplecomponents.2oneandthe

othersbecomedistorted相似,语义也相近。借助首段对应部分的

theothersbecomedistorted可知,C项符合原文逻辑关系,即:

选择一个标准,你可能就要牺牲另一个。本题答案为C项。

干扰选项:A项interpret(诠释),B项criticize(批评)和D项

tolerate(容忍),均不符合原文逻辑关系。

(17).(分数:0.5)

A.task

B.secret

C.product

D.cost正确答案

解析:

逻辑关系题。本句中的but提示前后语义相反。由前半句Everything

canbedonefasterandmadecheaper(每件事都可以完成得很快,

成本很低)可知,D项cost(代价)符合原文逻辑关系,即:但这是

有代价的。本题答案为D项。

干扰选项:A项task(任务),B项secret(秘密)和C项product

(产品)均不符合原文逻辑关系。

(18).(分数:0.5)

A.leadingto

B.callingfor

C.relatingto正确答案

D.accountingfor

解析:

语境题。本题考查连接multiplecriteria和criticalfactors的

形容词短语语义。比较各选项语义,A项leadingto(导致),B项

callingfor(要求),C项relatingto(关于)和D项accounting

for(对……作出解释),可知,C项符合原文语义,即,所有好的

目标都应具有与关键因素(如时间、金钱、质量和用户反馈)相关的

多个标准。本题答案为C项。

(19).(分数:0.5)

A.specify正确答案

B.predict

C.restore

D.create

解析:

逻辑关系题。notonly...butalso提示递进关系,借助understand

可知,先确定目标才能进一步理解目标,所以A项specify(明确规

定)符合原文逻辑关系,即,诀窍是不仅要确定目标的一个甚至两个

方面,而且要理解……。本题答案为A项。

干扰选项:B项predict(预测),C项restore(恢复)和D项create

(创造)均不符合原文逻辑关系。

(20).(分数:0.5)

A.modify

B.review

C.present

D.achieve正确答案

解析:

语境题。比较各项语义,A项modify(修改),B项review(复习)

和C项present(展示)和D项achieve(实现),可知D项最符合

原文语义,即,实现目标(achievetheobjective)0本题答案为

Do

二、SectionIIReadingComprehension(总题数:0,分数:0.00)

三、PartA(总题数:4,分数:40.00)

Text1

“Reskilling“issomethingthatsounds1ikeabuzzwordbutis

actuallyarequirementifweplantohaveafuturewherealot

ofwould-beworkersdonotgetleftbehind.Weknowwearemoving

intoaperiodwherethejobsindemandwi11changerapidly,as

willtherequirementsofthejobsthatremain.Researchbythe

WorldEconomicForumfindsthatonaverage42percentofthe

“coreskills“withinjobroleswillchangeby2022.Thatis

averyshorttimeline.

Thequestionofwhoshouldpayforreskillingisathornyone.

Forindividualcompanies,thetemptationisalwaystoletgo

ofworkerswhoseskillsarenolongerindemandandreplacethem

withthosewhoseskillsare.Thatdoesnotalwayshappen.AT&T

isoftengivenasthegoldstandardofacompanythatdecided

todoamassivereskillingprogramratherthangowitha

fire-and-hirestrategy.Othercompanieshadalsopledgedto

createtheirownplans.Whentheskillsmismatchisinthe

broadereconomy,though,thefocususuallyturnstogovernment

tohandle.EffortsinCanadaandelsewherehavebeenarguably

languidatbest,andhavegivenusasituationwherewe

frequentlyhearofemployersbeggingforworkers,evenattimes

andinregionswhereunemploymentishigh.

Withthepandemic,unemploymentisveryhighindeed.In

February,at3.5percentand5.5percentrespectively,

unemploymentratesinCanadaandtheUnitedStateswereat

generationallowsandworkershortageswereeverywhere.Asof

May,thoserateshadspikedupto13.3percentand13.7per

cent,andalthoughmanyworkershortageshaddisappeared,not

allhaddoneso.Inthemedicalfield,totakeanobviousexample,

thepandemicmeantthattherewerestillclearshortagesof

doctors,nursesandothermedicalpersonnel.

Ofcourse,itisnotlikeyoucantakeanunemployedwaiterand

trainhimtobeadoctorinafewweeks.Butevenifyoucannot

closethatgap,maybeyoucancloseothers,anddoingsowould

betothebenefitofallconcerned.Thatseemstobethecase

inSweden:Whenforcedtofurlough90percentoftheircabin

staff,ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedtostartupashort

retrainingprogramthatreskilledthelaid-offworkersto

supporthospitalstaff.Theeffortwasacollectiveoneand

involvedothercompaniesaswellasaSwedishuniversity.

(分数:10)

(1).ResearchbytheWorldEconomicForumsuggests.

(分数:2)

A.acontroversyaboutthe“coreskills”

B.anincreaseinfull-timeemployment

C.anurgentdemandfornewjobskills正确答案

D.asteadygrowthofjobopportunities

解析:

本题为细节题。根据题干关键词ResearchbytheWorldEconomic

Forum定位到第一段③句,由42percentofthe"coreskills”

withinjobroleswillchange可知大量工作"核心技能”将发生

变化。C项anurgentdemandfornewjobskills/寸新工作技能的

迫切需求)符合题意。所以本题选C。

(2).AT&Tiscitedtoshow.

(分数:2)

A.animmediateneedforgovernmentsupport

B.analternativetothefire-and-hirestrategy正确答案

C.thecharacteristicsofreskillingprograms

D.theimportanceofstaffappraisalstandards

解析:

本题为例证题。根据题干关键词AT&T定位到第二段④句:AT&Tis

oftengivenasthegoldstandardofacompanythatdecidedto

doamassivereskillingprogramratherthangowitha

fire-and-hirestrategyoB项analternativetothefire-and-hire

strategy(解雇和雇佣策略的替代方案)是对ratherthangowitha

fire-and-hirestrategy(而不是推行解雇和雇佣策略)的同义替换。

所以本题选B。

(3).EffortstoresolvetheskillsmismatchinCanada.

(分数:2)

A.haveappearedtobeinsufficient正确答案

B.havedrivenuplabourcosts

C.haveprovedtobeinconsistent

D.havemetwithfierceopposition

解析:

本题为细节题。根据题干关键词skillsmismatch、Canada定位到第

二段⑦句:EffortsinCanadaandelsewherehavebeenarguably

languidatbest,andhavegivenusasituationwherewe

frequentlyhearofemployersbeggingforworkers,evenattimes

andinregionswhereunemploymentishigh,A项haveappeared

tobeinsufficient(似乎不够)是对⑦句中languid(虚弱无力的),

以及“employersbeggingforworkersVSunemploymentishigh(雇

主缺人VS失业率高)”这一困境的合理概括。所以本题选A。

(4).WecanlearnfromParagraph3thattherewas.

(分数:2)

A.asignofeconomicrecovery

B.acallforpolicyadjustment

C.achangeinhiringpractices

D.alackofmedicalworkers正确答案

解析:

本题为细节题。根据题干Paragraph3定位到第三段。本段①句是论

点“疫情期间失业率很高”。②③句是数据论据;④句是事例论据,

以医疗领域为例,证明人员的紧缺。D项alackofmedical

workers(医疗工作者短缺)对应④句therewerestillclear

shortagesofdoctors,nursesandothermedicalpersonnel所

以本题选D。

(5).ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedto.

(分数:2)

A.createjobvacanciesfortheunemployed

B.retraintheircabinstaffforbetterservices

C.preparetheirlaid-offworkersforotherjobs正确答案

D.financetheirstaffJscollegeeducation

解析:

本题为细节题。根据题干关键词ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedto

定位到第四段③句ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedtostartupa

shortretrainingprogramthatreskilledthelaid-offworkers

tosupporthospitalstaff0C项preparetheirlaid-offworkers

forotherjobs(帮助他们的失业员工为其它工作做准备)对应③句

reskiliedthelaid-offworkerstosupporthospitalstaff所

以本题选C。

Text2

Withtheglobalpopulationpredictedtohitcloseto10billion

by2050,andforecaststhatagriculturalproductioninsome

regionswillneedtonearlydoubletokeeppace,foodsecurity

isincreasinglymakingheadlines.IntheUK,ithasbecomea

bigtalkingpointrecentlytoo,foraratherparticularreason:

Brexit.

Brexitisseenbysomeasanopportunitytoreversearecent

trendtowardstheUKimportingfood.Thecountryproducesonly

about60percentofthefooditeats,downfromalmost

three-quartersinthelate1980s.Amovebackto

self-sufficiency,theargumentgoes,wouldboostthefarming

industry,politicalsovereigntyandeventhenation,shealth.

Soundsgreat—buthowfeasibleisthisvision?

AccordingtoareportonUKfoodproductionfromtheUniversity

ofLeeds,UK,85percentofthecountry,stotallandareais

associatedwithmeatanddairyproduction.Thatsupplies80per

centofwhatisconsumed,soevencoveringthewholecountry

inlivestockfarmswouldn'tallowustocoveral1ourmeatand

dairyneeds.

Therearemanycaveatstothosefigures,buttheyarestill

grave.Tobecomemuchmoreself-sufficient,theUKwouldneed

todrasticallyreduceitsconsumptionofanimalfoods,and

probablyalsofarmmoreintensively—meaningfewergreen

fields,andmorefactory-styleproduction.

Butswitchingtoamainlyplant-baseddietwouldn'thelp.

ThereisagoodreasonwhytheUKisdominatedbyanimal

husbandry:mostofitsterraindoesn'thavetherightsoi1or

climatetogrowcropsonacommercialbasis.Just25percent

ofthecountry'slandissuitableforcrop-growing,mostof

whichisalreadyoccupiedbyarablefields.Evenifweconverted

allthesuitablelandtofieldsoffruitandv需whichwould

involvetakingoutallthenaturereservesandremoving

thousandsofpeoplefromtheirhomes-wewouldachieveonlya

30percentboostincropproduction.

Just23percentofthefruitandvegetablesconsumedinthe

UKarecurrentlyhome-grown,soevenwiththemostextreme

measureswecouldmeetonly30percentofourfreshproduce

needs.Thatisbeforewelookforthespacetogrowthegrains,

sugars,seedsandoilsthatprovideuswiththevastbulkof

ourcurrentcalorieintake.

(分数:10)

(1).Somepeoplearguethatfoodself-sufficiencyintheUK

would.

(分数:2)

A.behinderedbyitspopulationgrowth

B.contributetothenation'swell-being正确答案

C.becomeapriorityofthegovernment

D.poseachallengetoitsfarmingindustry

解析:

本题为细节题。根据题干关键词foodself-sufficiency定位到第二

段③句;Amovebacktoself-sufficiency,theargumentgoes,

wou1dboostthefarmingindustry,politicalsovereigntyand

eventhenation'shealthocontributeto是对boost的同义替

换,well-being是对health的同义替换。所以本题选B。

(2).ThereportbytheUniversityofLeedsshowsthatintheUK

(分数:2)

A.farmlandhasbeeninefficientlyutilized

B.factory-styleproductionneedsreforming

C.mostlandisusedformeatanddairyproduction正确答

D.moregreenfieldswillbeconvertedforfarming

解析:

本题为细节题。根据题干关键词ThereportbytheUniversityof

Leeds定位到第三段①句:AccordingtoareportonUKfood

productionfromtheUniversityofLeeds,UK,85percentofthe

countryJstotallandareaisassociatedwithmeatanddairy

productionomostlandisusedformeatanddairyproduction

对应85percentofthecountry?stotallandareaisassociated

withmeatanddairyproduction。所以本题选C。

(3).Crop-growingintheUKisrestricteddueto.

(分数:2)

A.itsfarmingtechnology

B.itsdietarytradition

C.itsnaturalconditions正确答案

D.itscommercialinterests

解析:

本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Crop-growingisrestricted先定

位到第五段③句:Just25percentofthecountry'slandis

suitableforcrop-growing,mostofwhichisalreadyoccupied

byarablefields,但该句并没有解释英国农作物种植受限的原因。

②句指出,“英国以畜牧业为主是有充分理由的:其大部分地区的土

壤或气候不适合农作物商业化种植"(Thereisagoodreasonwhy

theUKisdominatedbyanimalhusbandry:mostofitsterrain

doesn'thavetherightsoi1orclimatetogrowcropsona

commercialbasis),由此可得知,英国农作物种植受限是因为其缺

少适合的土壤和气候,属于自然环境因素。naturalconditions是

对soilorclimate的概括。所以本题选C。

(4).ItcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatBritish

people.

(分数:2)

A.relylargelyonimportsforfreshproduce正确答案

B.enjoyasteadyriseinfruitconsumption

C.areseekingeffectivewaystocutcalorieintake

D.aretryingtogrownewvarietiesofgrains

解析:

本题为细节题。根据题干中的thelastparagraph模糊定位到最后

一段,①句指出,“目前,英国人食用的果蔬中只有23%是本土产出

的,因此,尽管我们用尽所有的方法,也只能满足30%的新鲜农产品

需求”(Just23percentofthefruitandvegetablesconsumed

intheUKarecurrentlyhome-grown,soevenwiththemost

extrememeasureswecouldmeetonly30percentofourfresh

produceneeds.),由此可得知,英国人对新鲜农产品的需求不能仅

仅依靠国内提供,大部分要依赖于进口。所以本题选A。

(5).Theauthor'sattitudetofoodselfsufficiencyintheUK

is.

(分数:2)

A.defensive

B.doubtful正确答案

C.tolerant

D.optimistic

解析:

本题为态度题。题干中的关键词foodself-sufficiency为本文话题

词,首次出现在第二段③句,然后④句对此提出问题:听起来不错一一

但这种(自给自足的)愿景可行吗?(Soundsgreat—buthowfeasible

isthisvision?)o随后,作者从第三段到最后一段一直在论证自给

自足的困难,由此可得知,作者的态度更倾向于怀疑。所以本题选B。

Text3

WhenMicrosoftboughttaskmanagementappWunderlistandmobile

calendarSunrisein2015,itpickeduptwonewcomersthatwere

attractingconsiderablebuzzinSiliconValley.MicrosoftJs

ownOfficedominatesthemarketfor“productivity“software,

butthestart-upsrepresentedanewwaveoftechnologydesigned

fromthegroundupforthesmartphoneworld.

Bothapps,however,werelaterscrapped,afterMicrosoftsaid

ithadusedtheirbestfeaturesinitsownproducts.Theirteams

ofengineersstayedon,makingthemtwoofthemany

“acqui-hires“thatthebiggestcompanieshaveusedtofed

theirinsatiablehungerfortechtalent.

ToMicrosoftJscritics,thefatesofWunderlistandSunrise

areexamplesofaremorselessdrivebyBigTechtochewupany

innovativecompaniesthatlieintheirpath."Theyboughtthe

seedlingsandclosedthemdown,“complainedPaulArnold,a

partneratSanFrancisco-basedSwitchVentures,puttingpaid

tobusinessesthatmightonedayturnintocompetitors.

Microsoftdeclinedtocomment.

Likeotherstart-upinvestors,MrArnold'sownbusinessoften

dependsonsellingstart-upstolargertechcompanies,though

headmitstomixedfeelingsabouttheresult:"Ithinkthese

thingsaregoodforme,ifIputmyselfishhaton.Butarethey

goodfortheAmericaneconomy?Idon,tknow.”

TheUSFederalTradeCommissionsaysitwantstofindtheanswer

tothatquestion.Thisweek,itaskedthefivemostvaluable

UStechcompaniesforinformationabouttheirmanysmall

acquisitionsoverthepastdecade.Althoughonlyaresearch

projectatthisstage,therequesthasraisedtheprospectof

regulatorswadingintoearly-stagetechmarketsthatuntilnow

havebeenbeyondtheirreach.

Giventheircombinedmarketvalueofmorethan$5.5tn,rifling

throughsuchsmalldeals―manyofthemmuchlessprominent

thanWunderlistandSunrise—mightseembesidethepoint.

Betweenthem,thefivecompanies(Apple,Microsoft,Google,

AmazonandFacebook)havespentanaverageofonly$3.4bnayear

onsub-$lbnacquisitionsoverthepastfiveyears•—adropin

theoceancomparedwiththeirmassivefinancialreserves,and

themorethan$130bnofventurecapitalthatwasinvestedin

theUSlastyear.

However,criticssaythatthebigcompaniesusesuchdealsto

buytheirmostthreateningpotentialcompetitorsbeforetheir

businesseshaveachancetogainmomentum,insomecasesaspart

ofa“buyandkill“tactictosimplyclosethemdown.

(分数:10)

(1).WhatistrueaboutWunderlistandSunriseaftertheir

acquisitions?

(分数:2)

A.Theirmarketvaluesdeclined.

B.Theirengineerswereretained.正确答案

C.Theirtechfeaturesimproved.

D.Theirproductswerere-priced.

解析:

本题为细节题。根据题干关键词WunderlistandSunrise定位到第

一段①句和第三段①句。这两句无法解题,需结合上下文。文章第一

段引出事件:Microsoft收购Wunderlist和Sunrise,第二段介绍

这两家初创企业被收购后所发生的事情,第三段介绍批评者对

Microsoft此行为的评价。B项Theirengineerswereretained(他

们的工程师被保留了下来)是对第二段②句中的Theirteamsof

engineersstayedon(他们的工程师团队留了下来)的同义替换。所

以本题选B。

(2).MicrosoftJscriticsbelievethatthebigtechcompanies

tendto.

(分数:2)

A.exaggeratetheirproductquality

B.treatnewtechtalentunfairly

C.eliminatetheirpotentialcompetitors正确答案

D.ignorepublicopinions

解析:

本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Microsofts'critics定位到第三

段①句:ToMicrosoftJscritics,thefatesofWunderlistand

SunriseareexamplesofaremorselessdrivebyBigTechtochew

upanyinnovativecompaniesthatlieintheirpathoC项

eliminatetheirpotentialcompetitors俏灭他们潜在的竞争对手)

是对chewupinnovativecompaniesthatlieintheirpath(毁

掉挡他们路的创新公司)的同义替换。所以本题选C。

(3).PaulArnoldisconcernedthatsmallacquisitionsmight

(分数:2)

A.weakenbigtechcompanies

B.worsenmarketcompetition

C.discouragestart-upinvestors

D.harmthenationaleconomy正确答案

解析:

本题为细节题。根据题干关键词PaulArnold定位到第三段②句和第

四段。第三段②句指出Arnold对科技巨头将本可以发展成为其竞争

对手的初创公司扼杀在萌芽阶段这一做法的不满,第四段进一步介绍

Arnold作为初创公司投资人对科技巨头收购行为的看法。D项harm

thenationaleconomy(损害国家经济)是对第四段中的Ithinkthese

thingsaregoodformeButaretheygoodfortheAmerican

economy?Idon'tknow(我觉得这些对我有好处...但它们对美国

经济有好处吗?我不知道)的合理推断。所以本题选C。

(4).TheUSFederalTradeCommissionintendsto.

(分数:2)

A.supervisestart-upsJoperations

B.encourageresearchcollaboration

C.1imitBigTech'sexpansion

D.examinesmallacquisitions正确答案

解析:

本题为细节题。根据题干关键词TheUSFederalTradeCommission

定位到第五段①句,该句无法解题,继续看下文。②句紧接着介绍

USFederalTradeCommission的做法:Thisweek,itaskedthefive

mostvaluableUStechcompaniesforinformationabouttheir

manysmallacquisitionsoverthepastdecadeoD项examinesmall

acquisitions(调查小规模收购)是对askedforinformation

abouttheirmanysmallacquisitions向...询问他们许多小规模

收购的相关信息)的概括总结。所以本题选D。

(5).Forthefivebiggesttechcompanies,theirsmall

acquisitionshave.

(分数:2)

A.raisedfewmanagementchallenges

B.broughtlittlefinancialpressure正确答案

C.setanexampleforfuturedeals

D.generatedconsiderableprofits

解析:

本题为细节题。根据题干关键词thefivebiggesttechcompanies

定位到第六段②句:Betweenthem,thefivecompanies(Apple,

Microsoft,Google,AmazonandFacebook)havespentanaverage

ofonly$3.4bnayearonsub-$lbnacquisitionsoverthepast

fiveyears—adropintheoceancomparedwiththeirmassive

financialreserves,andthemorethan$130bnofventurecapital

thatwasinvestedintheUSlastyear。B项broughtlittle

financialpressure(几乎没有带来资金压力)是对adropinthe

oceancomparedwiththeirmassivefinancialreserves(与他们

庞大的资金储备相比,这只是沧海一粟)的合理推断。所以本题选B。

Text4

We'refairlygoodatjudgingpeoplebasedonfirstimpressions,

thinslicesofexperienc

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