历届全国硕士研究生招生考试英语真题4

历届全国硕士研究生招生考试英语真题SectionICloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoices［,［,［］and［D］.ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)①Onedaydroughtmaybeathingofthepastatleastincoastalcities.②Vastareasofdesertthroughouttheworldmayforthefirsttimenownothinggrows.1andprovidemillionsofhectaresoflandwhere③Bytheendofthiscenturythismaynotbemere2.④ScientistsarealreadylookingintothepossibilityofusingsomeoftheavailableiceintheArcticandAntarctic.⑤Intheseregionstherearevastice-capsformedbysnowthathasfallenoverthepast50,000years.⑥Layer3layerofdeepsnowmeansthat,whenmelted,thesnowwaterwouldbepure,notsaltyassea-icewouldbe.⑦Thereissomuch4purewaterherethatitwouldneedonlyafractionofittoturnmuchofthedesertorpoorlyirrigatedpartsoftheworldintorichfarmland.⑧Andwhatusefulpackagesitwouldcomein!⑨Itshouldbepossibletocutoffabitoficeandtransportit!⑩Alternativelyperhapsapassingicebergcouldbe5.arealwaysbreakingawayfromthemaincapsandfloatingaround,pushedbycurrents,untiltheyeventuallymeltandarewasted.icebergsare,ofcourse,fartoosmalltobetowedbeforetheyreachedacountrythatneededthemanywhere.twouldbenecessarytolocateonethatwas7andthatwasbigenoughtoprovideagoodsupplyoficewhenitreachedus.Engineersthinkthataniceberguptosevenmileslongandoneandahalfmileswidecouldbetransportedifthetugpullingitwasasbigasasupertanker!thentheywouldcoveronly6distance,andwouldmelttwentymileseveryday.8theicebergwasatitsdestination,morethat7,000millioncubicmetresofwatercouldbetakenfromit!wouldprobablybemorethanenoughforanymedium-sizedcityeveninthehottestsummer!nodoubtausecouldbefoundforit.9,scientistsay,therewouldnotbetoomuchwastageinsuchajourney.largertheiceberg,thesloweritmelts,evenifitistowedthroughthetropics.isbecausewhenthesunhasabiggerareatowarm10,lessheatactuallygetsintotheiceberg.vastfrozencentrewouldbeunaffected.[394words]1.［A］cometo］comeinto［］comeintoactivity［D］comeround2.［A］speculation］imagination［］computation［D］expectation3.［A］above［］of［］uponD］over4.［A］essential［］potential［］claimable［］grabbed［］some［D］obtainable［D］captured［D］certain［D］controllable［D］once5.［A］seized6.［A］much［］snatched［］any7.［A］manageable［］manipulative［］operable8.［A］after［］while［］since9.［A］Apparently］Noticeably［］Distinctly10.［A］round［］over［］up［D］Notably［D］throughSectionIIReadingComprehensionEachofthetwopassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)Text1Ascientistoncesaid:“Ihaveconcludedthattheearthisbeingvisitedbyintelligentlyvehiclesfromouterspace.”IfwetakethisasareasonableexplanationforUFOs(unidentifiedflyingobjects),questionsimmediatelycomeup.“Whydon’ttheygetintouchwithus,then?Whydon’ttheylandrightontheWhiteHouselawnanddeclarethemselves?”peopleasked.Inreply,scientistssaythat,whilethismaybewhatwewant,itmaynotnecessarilybewhattheywant.“Themostlikelyexplanation,itseemstome,”saidDr.Mead,“isthattheyaresimplywatchingwhatweareupto--thatresponsiblesocietyoutsideoursolarsystemiskeepinganeyeonustoseethatwedon’tsetinmotionachainreactionthatmighthaveunexpectedeffectsforoutsideoursolarsystem.”Opinionsfromotherscientistsmightgolikethis:“Whyshouldtheywanttogetintouchwithus?Wemayfeelwe’remoreimportantthanwereallyare!Theymaywanttoobserveusonlyandnotinterferewiththedevelopmentofourcivilization.Theymaynotcareifweseethembuttheyalsomaynotcaretosay‘hello’.”①SomescientistshavealsosuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlifereserve.②Justaswesetasidewildernessareasandwildlifereservestoallowanimalsandgrowingthingstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem,soperhapsEarthwassetasideagesagoforthesamepurpose.①Arewebeingobservedbyintelligentbeingsfromothercivilizationsintheuniverse?②Aretheywatchingourprogressinspacetravel?③Doweliveinagigantic“zoo”observedbyour“keepers,”buthavingnocommunicationwith①Neverbeforeinourhistoryhavewehadtoconfrontideaslikethese.②Thesimplefactisthatwe,whohavealwaysregardedourselvesassupremeintheuniverse,maynotbeso.③Nowwehavetorecognizethat,amongthestarsintheheavens,theremayverywellbeworldsinhabitedbybeingswhoaretousaswearetoants.[D]weareboundtoseeUFOssoonerorlater[D]hostility[B]warning[C]indifference[D]criticismText2①Theuseofthemotorisbecomingmoreandmorewidespreadinthetwentiethcentury;asanincreasingnumberofcountriesdevelopbothtechnicallyandeconomically,soalargerproportionoftheworld’spopulationisabletobuyanduseacar.②Possessingacargivesamuchgreaterdegreeofmobility,enablingthedrivertomovearoundfreely.③Theownerofacarisnolongerforcedtorelyonpublictransportandis,therefore,notcompelledtoworklocally.④Hecanchoosefromdifferentjobsandprobablychangeshisworkmorefrequentlyasheisnotrestrictedtoachoicewithinasmallradius.⑤Travellingtoworkbycarisalsomorecomfortablethanhavingtousepublictransport;thedrivercanadjusttheheatinginwinterandtheairconditioninginthesummertosuithisownneedsandpreference.⑥Thereisnoirritationcausedbywaitingfortrains,busesorundergroundtrains,standinginlongpatientqueues,orsittingonwindyplatforms,foraslongashalfanhoursometimes.⑦Withthebuildingofgood,fastmotorwayslongdistancescanbecoveredrapidlyandpleasantly.⑧Forthefirsttimeinthiscenturyalso,manypeoplearenowabletoenjoytheirleisuretimetothefullbymakingtripstothecountryorseasideattheweekends,insteadofbeingconfinedtotheirimmediateneighbourhood.⑨Thisfeelingofindependence,andthefreedomtogowhereyouplease,isperhapsthegreatestadvantageofthecar.①Whenconsideringthedrawbacks,perhapspollutionisofprimeimportance.②Asmoreandmorecarsareproducedandused,sotheemissionfromtheirexhaust-pipescontainsaneverlargervolumeofpoisonousgas.③Someofthecontentsofthisgas,suchaslead,notonlypollutetheatmospherebutcauseactualharmtothehealthofpeople.④Manyoftheminorillnessesofmodernindustrialsociety,headaches,tiredness,andstomachupsetsarethoughttoarisefrombreathingpollutedair;doctors’surgeriesarefullofpeoplesufferingfromillnessescausedbypollution.⑤Itisalsobecomingincreasinglydifficulttodealwiththeproblemoftrafficintowns;mostoftheimportantcitiesoftheworldsufferfromtrafficcongestion.⑥Infactanyadvantagegainedincomfortisoftencancelledoutincitydrivingbythefrustrationcausedbytrafficjams:endlessqueuesofcarscrawlingoneafteranotherthroughallthemainstreets.⑦Asanincreasingnumberoftrafficregulationschemesaredevised,thepoorbewildereddriverfindshimselfdivertedandforcedintoone-waysystemswhichcauseevengreaterdelaysthanthetrafficjamstheyaresupposedtoprevent.⑧Themountingcostofpetrolandtheincreasedlicensefeesandroadtaxalladdtothedriver’sworries.⑨Infact,hemustsometimeswonderifthemotorcarissuchablessingandnotjustamenace.[D]theuseofcarshasprovedtobemoreeconomical[A]freedominchoosinghisjob[B]comfortduringthetravels[C]enjoymentofhisleisuretime[D]feelingofself-reliance[D]highcostText3①MannersnowadaysinmetropolitancitieslikeLondonarepracticallynon-existent.②Itisnothingforabig,strongschoolboytoelbowanelderlywomanasideinthedashforthelastremainingseatonthetubeorbus,muchlessstandupandofferhisseattoher,asheought.③Infact,itissaddeningtonotethatifamandoesofferhisseattoanolderwoman,itisnearlyalwaysaContinentalmanoronefromtheoldergeneration.①Thisquestionofgivingupseatsinpublictransportismucharguedaboutbyyoungmen,whosaythat,sincewomenhaveclaimedequality,theynolongerdeservetobetreatedwithcourtesyandthatthosewhogoouttoworkshouldtaketheirturnintheratracelikeanyoneelse.②Womenhaveneverclaimedtobephysicallyasstrongasmen.③Evenifitisnotagreed,however,thatyoungmenshouldstandupforyoungerwomen,thefactremainsthatcourtesyshouldbeshowntotheold,thesickandtheburdened.④Arewereallysolosttoallidealsofunselfishnessthatwecansitthereindifferentlyreadingthepaperorabook,sayingtoourselves“Firstcome,firstserved,”whileagrey-hairedwoman,amotherwithayoungchildoracripplestands?⑤Yetthisisalltoooftenseen.①Conditionsintravelarereallyveryhardoneveryone,weknow,buthardshipissurelynoexcuse.②Sometimesonewonderswhatwouldhavebeenthebehaviourofthesestoutyoungmeninapackedrefugeetrainoratrainonitswaytoaprison-campduringtheWar.③Wouldtheyhaveconsidereditonlyrightandtheirproperduetokeepthebestplacesforthemselvesthen?①Olderpeople,tiredandirritablefromaday’swork,arenotangels,either—farfromit.②Manyabriskargumentoraninsultingquarrelbreaksoutasthewearyqueuespushandshoveeachothertogetonbusesandtubes.③Onecannotcommendthis,ofcourse,butonedoesfeelthereisjustalittlemoreexcuse.①Ifcitiesaretoremainpleasantplacestoliveinatall,however,itseemsimperative,notonlythatcommunicationsintransportshouldbeimproved,butalsothatcommunicationbetweenhumanbeingsshouldbekeptsmoothandpolite.②Allovercities,itseemsthatpeoplearetootiredandtoorushedtobepolite.③Shopassistantswon’tbothertoassist,taxidriversgrowlateachotherastheydashdangerouslyroundcorners,busconductorpullthebellbeforetheirdesperatepassengershavehadtimetogetonoroffthebus,andsoonandsoon.④Itseemstousthatitisuptotheyoungandstrongtodotheirsmallparttostopsuchdeterioration.[C]wholiveinbigmoderncities[D]wholiveonlyinmetropolitancities[D]Specialconsiderationoughttobeshownthem.to[D]publictransportcouldbeimproved[A]worseningofgeneralsituation[B]loweringofmoralstandards[C]decliningofphysicalconstitution[D]spreadingofevilconductSectionIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslationTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)WhenJaneMathesonstartedworkatAdvancedElectronicsInc.12yearsago,(21)shelabouredoveramicroscope,hand-weldingtinyelectroniccomputersandturnedout18perhour.Nowshetendsthecomputerizedmachinerythatturnsouthighcapacitymemorychipsattherateof2,600perhour.Productionisup,profitsareup,herincomeisupandMrs.Mathesonsaystheworkisfarlessstrainonhereyes.ButthemostsignificanteffectofthechangesatAEIwasfeltbytheworkerswhoarenolongerthere.Beforethenewcomputerizedequipmentwasintroduced,therewere940workersattheplant.Nowthereare121.(22)Aplantfollow-upsurveyshowedthatoneyearafterthelayoffsonly38%ofthereleasedworkersfoundnewemploymentatthesameorbetterwages.Nearlyhalffinallysettledforlowerpayandmorethan13%arestilloutofwork.TheAEIexampleisonlyoneofhundredsaroundthecountrywhichforgeintelligentlyaheadintothelatesttechnology,butleavethemajorityoftheirworkersbehind.(23)Itsbeginningsobscuredbyunemploymentcausedbytheworldeconomicslow-down,thenewtechnologicalunemploymentmayemergeasthegreatsocio-economicchallengeoftheendofthe20thcentury.Onecorporationeconomistsaysthegrowthof“machinejobreplacement”hasbeenwithussincethebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution,butneveratthepaceitisnow.Thehumancostswillbeastonishing.(24)“It’shumiliatingtobedoneoutofyourjobbyamachineandthereisnowaytofightback,butitistheefforttofindanewjobthatreallyhurts.”Someworkers,likeJaneMatheson,areretrainedtohandlethenewequipment,butoftenawholenewsetofskillsisrequiredandthatmeansanew,andinvariablysmallersetofworkers.(25)Theo