1993年全国入学统一考试英语试题

1993年入学统一考试英语试Section StructureandIneachsentence,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedatthecemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefiles righthadtobeshouldhavebeenmustbeshouldbeThelocalhealthorganizationisreported Audonbecameitsfirst.tobesetbeingsettohavebeensethavingbeensetTheschoolboardlistenedquietlyasJohnreadthedemandsthathis behadbeenhaveTedhastoldmethathealwaysescapes ashehasgotaveryfastsportstotobebeinghavingbeenMorethanonethirdoftheintheUnitedStateslivein inSanProf.Lee’sbookwillshowyou canbeusedinotherthatyouhavethathowyouhavehowthatyouhavehowwhatyouhaveAllflights becauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethewerehadbeenhavinghavingbeenThenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetails.Withprices somuch,it’shardforthetonaExpertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforato Expectednoisesareusuallymore thanunexpectedonesofthelikeItisn’tsomuchwhetherheworkshard;thequestioniswhetherhe aboveinatafterThereisanincorrectassumptionamongscientistsandmedicalpeoplethateveryoneagrees whatconstitutesabenefittoanindividual.Alltheinformationwehavecollectedinrelationtothatcase verymakesupaddsupcomesupputsupAreallypowerfulspeakercan thefeelingsoftheaudiencetothefeverofexcitement.workworkworkworkBeforethestudentssetoff,theyspentmuchtimesettingalimit expensesofthetrip.AccordingtothepsychoystSigmundFreud,wisdomcomesfrom ofFromthetearsinNedra’seyeswecandeducethatsomethingsad musthavewouldhavemightbeshouldYoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeeting youdon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.Hardlyamonthgoesbywithout ofanothersurveyrevealingnewdepthsofscientificillicyamongU.S.citizens.atheIfyou JerryBrownuntilrecently,you’dthinkthephotographontherightwasstrange.shouldn’tdidn’tweren’ttohadn’tSometeenagersharborageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety,which themtherightsandprivilegesofadults,althoughphysicallytheyareImustgonow. ,ifyouwantthatbookI’llbringitnext[A]Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake, canlimithowmuchwateryoudrink.muchmorenomorenolessanymoreThough inSanFrancisco,DaveMitchadalwayspreferredtorecordtheinfactsofsmall-townlife.Mostelectronicdevicesofthiskind, manufacturedforsuchpurposes,aretightlypacked.thataswhichitAsforthewinter,itisinconvenienttobecold,withmostof furnacefuelisallowedsavedforthedawn.AchievingahighdegreeofproficiencyinEnglishasaforeignlanguageisnotamysterious withoutscientificbasic.Wecannotalways thewind,sonewwindmillsshouldbesodesignedthattheycanalsobedrivenbywater.hangcountholdcomeThestormsweeoverthisareanowissuretocause ofvegetablesinthecomingdays.Section ReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(30points)Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcentury,itmaybe.Hotodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackoflanguagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysandmakesvowel-likesounds;attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknows1,000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrr.Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbornwiththecapacitytospeak.Whatisspecialaboutman’sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,isthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern“toy-bear.”Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain’sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toyze,tocombinebinethepartsofalanguageinnewButspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninctionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild’sbabbling咿呀学语),grasandsmiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinctionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivitytothechild’snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.ThepurposeofFrederickII’sexperimentwas toprovethatchildrenarebornwiththeabilitytotodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumantofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldyinteachingachildtotoprovethatachildcouldbedamagedwithoutlearningaThereasonsomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingismostprobably theyareincapableoflearninglanguagetheyareexposedtotoomuchlanguageattheirmothersrespondinadequaytotheirattemptstotheirmothersarenotinligentenoughtohelpWhatisexceptionallyremarkableaboutachildisthat heisbornwiththecapacitytohehasabrainmorecomplexthananhecanproducehisownheoweshisspeechabilitytogoodWhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromtheThefacultyofspeechisinborninEncouragementisanythingbutessentialtoachildinlanguageThechild’sbrainishighlyMostchildrenlearntheirlanguageindefiniteIfachildstartstospeaklaterthanothers,hewillinfuture haveahighbelessinbeinsensitivetoverbalnotnecessarilybeIngeneral,oursocietyis ingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic(主义的)managementinwhichman esasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhas epowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-andthewhite-collarworkershave eeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandinlectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforinligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain--bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’s petitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“enterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities--thoseofloveandofreason--aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisworkingincompleteharmonywiththerestoftheanunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothlyahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingTherealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat theyarelikelytolosetheirtheyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestintheyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumantheyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandFromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongsto whoareatthebottomofthewhoarehigherupintheirsocialwhoprovebetterthan whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveTosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould resorttotheproductionmodeofourofferhigherwagestotheworkersandenablemantofullydevelophistakethefundamentalrealitiesforTheauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasone Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossiblecoursesofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheideasecret,orpatentit.Agrantedpatentistheresultofabargainstruckbetweenaninventorandthestate,bywhichtheinventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopoly()andpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiodterminates.OnlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstancesisthelifespanofapatentextendedalterthisnormalprocessofThelongestextensionevergrantedwastoGeorgesValensi;his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitrywasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent’snormallifetherewasnocolourTVtoreceiveandthusnohopeofrewardfortheBecauseapatentremainspermanentlypublicafterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibraryattachedtothepatentofficecontaindetailsoflillymillionsofideasthatareforanyonetouseand,ifolderthanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyonewishingtoavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthroughlivepatentsthattheonesurewayofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor’srightistogiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherformpermanentlyinvalidatesfurtherpatentsonthatidea,itistraditionallysafetotakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmoderntechnologicaladvanceisbasedonthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.Anyonecloselyinvolvedinpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost“new”ideasare,infact,asoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessityordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,thatmakesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryofmagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideasbehindevisionoriginatefromthelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrearenginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.Thepassageismainlyabout anapproachtotheapplicationfortheuseoftheaccesstoWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheWhenapatent esoutofeffect,itcanbere-patentedorextendedifItisnecessaryforaninventortoapplyforapatentbeforehemakeshisinventionpublic.Apatentholdermustpublicizethedetailsofhisinventionwhenitslegalperiodisover.Onecangetallthedetailsofapatentedinventionfromalibraryattachedtothepatentoffice.GeorgeValensi’spatentlasteduntil1971because nobodywouldofferanyrewardforhispatentpriortothathispatentcouldnotbeputtouseforanunusuallylongtherewerenotenoughTVstationstoprovidecolourthecolourTVreceiverwasnotavailableuntilthatTheword“giarize”(Line8,Para.5)mostprobablymeans stealandgiverewardmaketakeandFromthepassagewelearnthat aninventionwillnotbenefittheinventorunlessitisreducedtocommercialproductsareactuallyinventionswhichweremadealongtimeitismuchcheapertobuyanoldpatentthananewpatentexpertsoften mendpatentstoothersbyconductingasearchthroughdeadpatentsSectionIIIClozeForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(15points)Althoughinteriordesignhasexistedsincethebeginningofarchitecture,itsdevelopmentintoaspecializedfieldisreallyquiterecent.Interiordesignerseimportantpartlybecauseofthemanyfunctionsthatmightbe大46家inasinglelargebuilding.Theimportanceofinteriordesign es大47家whenwerealizehowmuchtimewe大48家surroundedbyfourwallsWheneverweneedtobeindoorswewantoursurroundingstobe大49家attractiveandcomfortableaspossible.Wealsoexpect大50家cetobeappropriatetoitsuse.Youwouldbe大51家iftheinsideofyourbedroomweresuddenlychangedtolook大52家theinsideofrestaurant.Andyouwouldn’tfeel大53家inabusinessofficethathastheappearanceofaschool.It esclearthattheinteriordesigner’smostimportantbasic大54isthefunctionoftheparticular大55.Forexampleatheaterwithpoorsightlines,poorsound-shaqualities,and大56家fewentriesandexitswillnotworkfor大57家purpose,nomatterhowbeautifullyitmightbe大58.Nevertheless,foranykindofspacethedesignerhastomakemanyofthesamekindof大59.Heorshemustcoordinatetheshapes,lightinganddecorationofeverythingfromceilingtofloor.大60家addition,thedesignermustusuallyselectfurnitureordesignbuilt-infurniture,accordingtothefunctionsthatneedtobeserved.[A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A]a[A][A][A][A]SectionIVError-detectionandEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Anumberof

foreignvisitorswereB

totheindustrialexhibitionC

manynewAnswer[C]iswrongbecausethesentenceshouldread,“Anumberofvisitorsweretakentotheindustrialexhibitionwheretheysawmanynewproducts.”Soyoushouldchoose[C]andwritethecorrection“where”ontheline.Sample[B][●][D]HecannotlthedifferencebetweenA

praiseandB

onlytoD

hisTheywanttoexposethoseA

disadvantagedstudentsto

educationalC

forafive-D

Thechanges A

ceinair B

thelastsixtywouldhaveseemed

compleyimpossibletoeventhemostbrilliantscientistsDtheturnofthe19thIdon’tthinkA

advisablethathewillbeB

tothejobsincehehasCexperienceDBeethoven,thegreatmusician,A

ninesymphoniesinhislife,mostofwerewritten

afterhehadC

hisDMr.JankinregrettedtoA

hissecretaryB

themistake,C

he

itwashisownAsA

theinfluenceofcomputerization,nowherewehaveB

theresultsclearlythanintheU.S.,whichreallyhavesurprisedus Attimes,morecaregoesintothecompositionofnewspaperand advertisementsthantheC

ofD

andItisrequiredbylawthatahusbandhavetoA

thedebtsofhiswifeB

noticeisgivenC

henolongerhastopayDA

theyears,alargenumberofoverseasstudentshaveB

atuniversityintheC

thatitD

acquiredsubstantialexperienceinwithSection English-Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentences.(15(71)Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind;itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexnation.Thereisnomoredifference,butthereisjustthesamekindofdifference,betweentheoperationsofamanofscienceandthoseofanordinary,asthereisbetweentheoperationsandmethodsofabakerorofabutcherweighingouthisgoodsincommonscales,andtheoperationsofachemistinperformingadifficultandcomplexysisbymeansofhisbalanceandfinelygradedweights.(72)Itisnotthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalanceintheother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking;butthatthelatterisamuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthantheformer.YouwillunderstandthisbetterperhapsifIgiveyousomefamiliarexamples73)Youhaveallhearditrepeatedthatmenofscienceworkbymeansofinduction(归纳法anddeduction,thatbythehelpoftheseoperations,theyinasortofsense,managetoextractfromNaturecertainnaturallaws,andthatoutofthese,bysomespecialskilloftheirown,theybuilduptheirtheories.(74)Anditisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocesses,andthattheyhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspecialtraining.Tohearalltheselargewordsyouwouldthinkthatthemindofamanofsciencemustbeconstituteddifferentlyfromthatofhisfellowmen;butifyouwillnotbefrightenedbytermsyouwilldiscoverthatyouarequitewrong,andthatalltheseterribleapparatusarebeingusedbyyourselveseverydayandeveryhourofyourlives.Thereisawell-knowninoneofMoliere’sys,wheretheauthormakestheheroexpressunboundeddelightonbeingtoldthathehadbeentalkingprose散文)duringthewholeofhislifeInthesameway,Itrustthatyouwilltakecomfort,andbedelightedwithyourselvesonthediscoverythatyouhavebeenactingontheprinciplesofinductiveanddeductivephilosophyduringthesameperiod.(75)Probablytherenotoneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionacomplextrainofreasoning,oftheverysamekind,thoughdifferingindegree,asthatwhichascientificmangoesthroughintracingthecausesofnaturalphenomena.SectionVITimelimit:40Wordlimit:120-150words(notincludingthegivenopeningYourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence:“TodaymoreandmoreadvertisementsareseenontheTVscreen.”PresentMy1993年考研英语答SectionI:StructureandVocabulary(15 8.29.30.SectionII:ReadingComprehension(303.44.45.SectionIII:ClozeTest(158.59.60.SectionIV:Error-detectionandCorrection(1061.[C]62.[A]63.[A]have64.[B](should)be65.[B]66.[A]having67.[B]havewe68.[C]intothe69.[D]topay70.[C]withtheSectionV:English-Translation(15这并不是说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平在构造原理或因而在计量上必然更准确得多。都多次听，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，他们用这些方法，用自己的某种非同一般的本领，建立起他们的理论。SectionVI:Writing(15参考范文（略1992年入学统一考试英语试Section StructureandIneachsentence,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedatthecemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Iwillgivethisdictionaryto wantstohaveAfterhavinggone far,Georgedidnotwanttoturn allourkindnesstohelpher,SarahrefusedtolistentoRicharddoesn’tthinkhecouldever whatiscalled“-style”taketaketaketakeInthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwives inthewouldwereIdon’twanttolendanymoremoneytohim;he’salreadyindebt Thebusinessofeachday, sellinggoodsorshipthem,wentquiteitbewasitCareydidn’tgotothepartylastnightbecauseshe thebabyforhersisteruntil9:30.musthavelookedwouldhavetolookhadtolookshouldhavelooked ,hedoesgetirritatedwithherAshelikesherMuchthoughhelikesThoughmuchhelikesMuchashelikesCaliforniansandNewEnglandersspeakthesamelanguageand bythesamefederallaws.Thevocabularyofanytechnicaldiscussionmayincludewordswhichareneverusedoutsidethesubjectorfield ininininThelong-awaitedHubbleSpaceescope, toorbittheEarthnextMarch,willobservesomeoftheoldeststarsinthesky. oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheTobeTodThepatienthasbeen ofthesafetyoftheWillyou thispassagetoseeifthereisanylookgodwellworkThepatientsbelievethatthedoctorknowsexactlyhowtoputthem Althoughhethoughthewasheluspreparethedinner,hewas theIfwebelievesomethingisgoodandtrueweshould toholdkeepholdkeep ,morethan200housesandbuildingsareheatedbysolarenergy,nottomentionthebigcitiesintheregion.AloneinthesmallInthesmallaloneInthealonesmallInthesmalltownThebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper inbroaddaylighttobetohavebeenhavingbeenTheengineersaregoingthroughwiththeirhighwayproject, theexpenseshaverisen.evenjustnowasAlthoughwehadtoldthemnottokeepuswaiting,theymadeno tospeedupdeliveries.Waterwillcontinuetobe itistoday--nextinimportancetoHadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he ourchairmanmusthavewouldhavewouldStressfulenvironmentsleadtounhealthybehaviorssuchaspooreatinghabits,which increasetheriskofheartdisease.ininbybyThetouristispreventedfromenteringacountryifhedoesnothave anaananIliketogotothecinemawhenIaminthe forTheprojectrequiresmorelaborthan hasbeenputhavebeenputbeingputtobeputCircustigers,althoughtheyhavebeentamed,can attacktheirThereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer, inthetropical,wouldfindhiswaythroughit.tobehavingtohavebeenhavingbeenSection ReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(30points)Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsare inghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmen emonstersbehindthewheel.Itisverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthe,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”n,otherwiseitmaygetcompleyoutofhand.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.However,miscedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathof ingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.Avendriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotaltodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby people’sattitudetowardstheroad-therhythmofmodernthebehaviorofthetrafficThesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule.”(Para.1)impliesthat oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredrudedriverscanbemetonlythewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofBy“goodsense,”thewritermeans thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactthedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandseverethedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagethedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandExpertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownership roadusersshouldmakemoredriversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachdriversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongdriverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoInthewriter’sopinion, stricttrafficregulationsarebadlydriversshouldapplyroadpolitenessrudedriversshouldbedriversshouldavoidtrafficIntheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror--theglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromAccordingtoaweatherexpert’sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3℃warmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookce,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisinglevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanaltionofearth’schieffood-growingzones.Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.SalitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakence.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?Onepossibilityisthevaria