Unit6 知识点归纳总结-牛津译林版英语八年级下册

WelcometotheunitPhrases：划重点短语1.训练成为一个志愿者：2.支持我：3.给你：4.在上班时：5.需要更多的食物吃：6.一个残疾人：7.一个上了年纪的人：姐姐、哥哥8.无家可归的人：9.写信给当地政府:10.为无家可归的人提供特别的地方去住:traintobeavolunteersupportmeHereyouare.atworkneedmorefoodtoeatadisabledpersonanelderlypersoneldersister/brotherhomelesspeople=thehomelesswritetothelocalgovernmentprovidespecialplacesforhomelesspeopletostayI’mtrainingtobeavolunteerfortheOlympicGames.

train(n)火车(v)接受训练，培训，训练training(n)训练

trains-trained-trainingtrainer培训者trainee受训者Phrases：trainas/tobe+职业:为…（职业）而训练trainforsth:为…而训练train…todosth:训练…做某事eg.训练成为一个老师：eg为接下来的棒球比赛而训练：eg训练狗来玩把戏：eg乘火车去训练中心：traintobe/asateachertrainforthecomingbaseballmatchtraindogstodotricksgotoatrainingcentrebytrain2.Willyousupportme,Eddie?(1)support

v.

支持，支撑supportsb/sth(strongly)eg.这座桥经得起重卡车通行。

Thebridgeisstrongenoughtosupportheavytrucks.(2)

support

n.

支持，不可数名词。常用在下列短语中：with/without

the

support

of

“在/没有...的支持下”；with/without

one’s

support

“在/没有某人的支持”。eg.在你们的支持下，我们会按时完成这项工作。We’llfinishtheworkontimewithyoursupport.3.ItismeaningfultodosomethingfortheOlympics.meaningful(adj)有意义的meaningless(adj)没意义的eg.做一些有意义的事情:

dosomethingmeaningful=domeaningfulthingsmean(v)意思是，意味着means-meant-meant

meansth/that+句子打算做某事：意味着做某事：meaning(n)意思eg.这些单词什么意思？

Whatdothewordsmean?=Whatarethemeaningsofthewords?meantodosthmeandoingsth4.Ineed

somemorefoodtoeatatwork.need用法：(1)

need(行为动词)需要需要某物、做某事：不需要某物、做某事：(2)

need

(情态动词)需要需要做某事/不需要做某事：(3)

need

(名词)需要

需要帮助的人：需要某物：eg没必要如此匆忙。needsth/todosthdo/does/didnotneedsth/todosthneeddosth/needn’tdosthpeopleinneedinneedofsth=needsthThereisnoneedtohurry.5.Ineed

somemorefoodtoeatatwork.

some/many/much/any+more+n(再、又)数字+more+名词=another+数字+名词phrases：还需要许多椅子：又获得一些信息：又吃一个汉堡：又花十分钟看电视：needmanymorechairsgetsomemoreinformationeatanotherhamburger/eatonemorehamburgerspendtenmoreminuteswatchingTV=spendanothertenminuteswatchingTV6….don’thavetheirownhousestolive.没有地方居住：有房子居住：有笔来写字：有纸写字：7.Theycanprovidespecialplacesforhomelesspeopletostay.向某人提供某物:eg.他的父亲为家人提供吃穿。Hisfatherprovidesfoodandclothesfortheirfamily.=Hisfatherprovidestheirfamilywithfoodandclothes.havenoplace/nowheretolivehaveahousetoliveinhavepenstowritewithhavepapertowriteon

provide

sth

for

sb=provide

sb

with

sthoffer/givesthtosb=offer/givesbsth8.own(v)拥有(adj)自己的owner(n)主人theownerof…我自己的车：独自：myowncar=acarofmyownonone’sown=alone=byoneselfReading1.VolunteeringfortheSpecialOlympicsWorldGames为夏季特奥会做志愿者1）

volunteervi.&vt.志愿做，义务做volunteerforn/doing...志愿做…；主动做…volunteertodo...志愿做…；主动提出…e.g.每个人都主动去打扫那个旧房子。Everyonevolunteered

forcleaningtheoldhouse.e.g.他主动提出给植物浇水。

Hevolunteered

towatertheplants.

2）volunteern.义务工作者；志愿者e.g.学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。

Schoolsneedvolunteerstohelpchildrentoread.3)voluntary(adj)义务的，志愿的

做义工：dosomevoluntarywork2.LiuMingdidnotknowwhattoexpectwhenhevolunteeredfortheSpecialOlympicsWorldSummerGames.expect

v.

期盼，指望，预料词组：expectsthexpecttodosthexpectsbtodosthexpectthat+句子eg.我期盼得到一份好的生日礼物。I______________anicebirthdaypresent.eg.你期盼他教你英语吗？Doyou_______________________youEnglish?expecttogetexpecthimtoteach易混区别：expect(v)

期盼，指望，预料wish(v)希望/但愿

wishtodo/wishsbtodo/wish+句子(n)愿望最美好的祝愿bestwisheshope(v)希望hopetodo/hope+句子(u.n)希望eg生活充满希望。Lifeisfullofhope.lookforwardto+n/doing盼望/期待

3.It’sfantastictoworkasavolunteer!workas意为“从事…的工作”，后接职业的名词。Mymother______________ateacher.我的妈妈从事教师的工作。含work的短语：workout计算,算出,解决workitoutworkon从事,忙于workfor为…效力workwell奏效，起作用，产生影响e.g.Jason________acomputerprogrammer(程序员)inacompany.A.worksout B.workson C.worksas D.worksatworksasC4…giveschildrenandadultswithintellectualdisabilitiesachanceto.(1)disability(n)残疾disabled(adj)残疾的ability(n)能力unable(adj)不能的不能做某事：beunabletodosth=cannot/couldnotdosth有能力做某事：havethe/anabilitytodosth=haveabilitiestodosth(2)chance(c.n.)机会做某事的机会：给某人做某事的机会：有机会做某事：错过这个机会：对某人来说做某事是个好机会。Itisagoodchanceforsbtodosth.chance(u.n.)偶然/碰巧偶然做某事：achancetodo/ofdoing…givesbachance/chancestodo…haveachance/chancestodomissthechancedosthbychance/byaccident5.Theyinclude

manyeventssimilarto

thoseintheOlympics…短语similartothoseintheOlympics作后置定语,修饰events。similar相似的，类似的，无比较级和最高级besimilarto+sth./sb.与某物/某人相似besimilarinsth在某方面相似bethesameas…与…相同bedifferentfrom…与…不同e.g.---Canyoutellthedifferencesbetweenthetwopictures?---Differences?Theylookquite______.A.different B.similar C.strange D.interesting6.include(v)including(prep)eg.Myhobbies_______(包含)footballandchess.eg.Ihavemanyhobbies,___________(包含)footballandplayingchess.Bincludeincluding7.Over40,000peoplegaveuptheirsparetimeforthe2007SpecialOlympicsWorldGames.giveup放弃giveupsth/doingsth注意：代词作giveup的宾语时要放在give和up之间。e.g.Thisisagoodchance.Iwon’tgiveitup.e.g.Nick’sfatherhadto____________________(放弃吸烟)becauseofhisillness.e.g.Ed’smother________________(放弃她的工作)tolookafterhim.giveupsmokinggaveupherjob8.Itwasnecessaryforthesevolunteerstoreceivetrainingbeforedoingthetasks.(1)necessary(adj)必须的、必要的---unnecessary对某人来说做某事是必要的：Itisnecessaryforsbtodosth.如果有必要：ifnecessary=ifitisnecessaryeg如果有必要，你可以电话联系我。Ifnecessary,youcankeepintouchwithmebyphone.(2)task(可数n)任务/工作区别于work/job承担任务taketherisk9.IwastheswimmingcoachforayoungboyfromNorthChinacalledLiHaicoach(n)教练、长途汽车coaches主教练：headcoach乘长途汽车去某地：takeacoachtosp=gotospbycoach/onacoacheg.Theseseatsarethese__________(coach).10.Hewasbornwithintellectualdisabilities.bebornwith生来具有……beborntobe/todo..注定会成为、注定要做如：他生来心脏衰弱。

Hewasbornwithaweakheart.如：有些人天生有好的方向感。Somepeoplearebornwithagoodsenseofdirection.coaches’11.ToLiHai,themostimportantthingisnottowinagoldorasilver,buttotakepart. 对李海来说，最重要的东西不是赢得一块金牌或银牌，而是参与。not…but…不是……而是……notonly…butalso…不但…而且…e.g.这不是一本书而是一本字典。

Thisisnotabookbutadictionary.e.g.她不是在玩电脑游戏而是在吃巧克力。Sheisnotplayingcomputergamesbuteatingchocolate.(2)gold(n)黄金-不可数/金牌-可数silver(n)银-不可数/银牌-可数eg.Thenecklaceismadeof______(银).eg.Thegirlwontwo______(金牌)inherlife.silvergolds12.takepart为不及物动词词组，不加宾语takepartin加宾语区别：join/joinin/takepartin/attendjointhearmy/theclub/atrip/theteam/thediscussionjoinsbindoingsthjoinin=takepartin+activities/sports/asportsmeeting/apartyattend+awedding/alesson/acourse/school/aclass/ameeting13.LiHaitriedhisbestandfinishedfourth.finishfourth=comefourth取得第四名14.▲confidence信心（不可数名词）▲confident自信的有信心的（形容词）Phrases:haveconfidencein对…有信心loseconfidencein对…失去信心be(feel)confidentof/about对…充满信心e.g.不紧张，你应该对自己有信心Don’tbenervous.Youshouldhaveconfidenceinyourself.e.g.他的脸上露出了自信的笑容。Thereisaconfidentsmileonhisface.e.g.

我有信心能成功。I’mconfidentofsuccess.15.Athletesandvolunteersfromdifferentbackgroundsfeellikepartofonebigfamily.feellikesth

感觉像…feellikesth/doing…=wouldlike/wantsth或todosth想/想要…eg.好像马上要下雨了。Itfeelslikerainsoon.eg.我想去散步。Ifeellikegoingforawalk.=Iwant/wouldliketotakeawalk.16.Itisgreatforustoworkcloselywiththeseathletes.close(adj./v./adv.)(1)close(vt)关---closed(adj.)关闭的→open（adj/v）Eg.______(close)yourbookandlookattheblackboard.Eg.Keepyoureyes_______(close)andlistencarefully.(2)close(adj.)---closer-closest亲密的、近的（adv)---靠近、紧挨着Eg.closefriends密友Eg.be/getclosetosb./sp和某人关系近；离某地距离近（close=near=notfarawayfrom）Eg:住离学校近liveclosetotheschool(3)closely(adv)紧密地/密切的workcloselywith...与..紧密合作followsbclosely紧密跟着某人watchsbclosely密切关注某人Closeclosed17.Yougettohelpthemachievetheirdreams. 你有机会帮助他们实现梦想。(1)句中的achieve意思是“达到，实现”，及物动词，主语常为人，指经过努力取得胜利、成功，实现目的、目标等。

e.g.Hefinallyachievedsuccess.他终于成功了。e.g.Workhard,andyouwillachieveyourgoal.

努力工作，你就会达到自己的目标。cometrue意思是“实现”，不及物动词词组，主语常为梦想/计划/愿望。e.g.如果我们尽力，我们的梦想总有一天实现。Ifwetryourbest,ourdreamwillcometrueoneday.(2)getto意思是有机会（做……），得到（做……的）机会,开始做某事。如：He________________________________________theOlympics.他得到了参加奥运会的机会。gottotakepartin/hadachancetotakepartin18.DidLiHaiwinfirstprize?firstprize一等奖，当序数词表示名次时，前面的the可以省略。19.Maybethat’swhythiseventissodifferentfromotherusualgames.that’swhy…..那就是…..的原因那就是每年许多外国人来中国的原因。That’swhymanyforeignerscometoChinaeveryyear.Grammar句型一：Itis+adj.+todosomething=Todosth.is+adj.含义：做某事是……的注意：该句型中的形容词表示不定式所具备的特征或客观情况。如：cheap,convenient,dangerous,difficult,easy,exciting,expensive,important,interesting,necessary,normal,possible,useful,wonderful。句型二：Itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.含义：对某人来说做某事是……的。注意：该句型中的形容词也是表示不定式所具备的特征或客观情况，和句型一相同。此结构可看作是在Itis+adj.+todosth.结构中间插入了for+sb.(逻辑主语—后面动作的发出者)。句型三：Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.含义：某人做某事真是/太……了注意：该句型中的形容词描述的是人的品质、智商、对错。大致分为三：good/bad,kind,nice,friendly，polite,impolite,brave,careless,careful,generous,helpful,honest2.clever,foolish,silly,stupid(愚蠢的),wise/unwise,selfish(自私的)3.right/wrong,correct/incorrect。由于此结构中通常使用说明人的“品质、性格、特征、对错”等的形容词，故在意思上可以转化为：Sb.be+adj.+todosth.e.g.他们这样做很热心。It’sverykindofthemtodoso.→Theyareverykindtodoso.1.vt.捐献donaten.捐献，捐赠donation(s)donate...to...捐……给……=makeadonationto给慈善机构捐钱:donatemoneytocharities给有需要的人献血:donatebloodtopeopleinneede.g.你把这些衣服捐给希望工程真善良。It’skindofyoutodonatetheseclothestoProjectHope.eg.Wewill______somemoneybyholdingacharityshow,then____ittothepoorstudentsinthewest.A.raise,donateB.donate,donateC.raise,raiseD.donate,raiseA2.organization(s)=organisation(s)n.机构，组织organize(v)组织organizer(n)组织者eg.Ourmonitormadeuphismindto_______(组织)abasketballmatchafterthefinalexam.eg.WHOisoneofthemostfamous_____________(组织)aroundtheworld.3.blood(不可数n)血

血浓于水。Bloodisthickerthanwater.冷血的/残忍的incoldblood

bleed（v）流血eg.Mr.Leelookspale.Afterall,hehaslostlotsof_______intheaccident.A.drugsB.bloodC.supportD.food

organizeorganizationsB4.trouble(不可数n)麻烦havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有麻烦

trouble前常用some,no,much,great等词修饰相关短语：做某事没困难:

havenotroubleindoingsth在做……方面有困难:havesometroubleindoingsth制造麻烦:maketrouble处于麻烦中:introuble陷入麻烦/摆脱麻烦:getinto/outoftroublee.g.你在英语上有困难吗?Doyouhavetroublelearning/withEnglish?eg.Whatgreattroublehehas_________(express)himselfclearly!

expressingIntegratedskills1.SheworksasaprimaryschoolteacherinNorth-westChinaforoneday.north-west西北(adj./adv./n)在中国西北：inNorth-westChina/inthenorth-westofChinaeg.温暖的西南风正在吹。Awarmsouth-westwindisblowingnow.eg.这窗面朝西南。Thewindowfacessouth-west.

2.Inthisway,theycanhelpthelocalpeopleimprovetheirlives.way短语没门：顺便说一下：在某种程度上：在路上在去某地的路上：用这种方法：挡路、妨碍：用不同的方法：迷路：improvesth=makesthbetter改善nowaybythewayinsomewaysonthe/sb’swayonthe/sb’swaytospinthiswayinthe/sb’swayindifferentways/inadifferentwaylosetheway/getlost3.Wecansaveourpocketmoneyanddonateittothoseinneed.save(vt)节约、拯救、保存eg.Squrrelsalwayss________somefoodbeforewintercomes.eg.Doctorsworknottos________people’slives,buttomakemoney.(2)inneed急需sbbeinneedofsth/doing=sbneedsth/todo/dosthbeinneedofdoing=sthneeddoingeg我们应该尽力去帮助那些贫困需要帮助的孩子们。Weshouldtryourbesttohelpthechildreninneedinpoorareas.eg.他需要休息。Sheisinneedofarest.=Sheneedsarest.=Sheneedstohavearest.eg.草要割了。Thegrassisinneedofcutting=Thegrassneedscutting.aveaveStudyskills/Task1.Anarticleisoftenmadeupofthreeparts:….bemadeupof由……组成/构成

e.g.生活是由琐事构成的。Life____________littlethings.[拓展]bemadeof由……制成(看得出原材料)bemadefrom由……制成(看不出原材料)bemadein在某地制造bemadeby由某人制造eg.Paper_________________（由……制成)wood.eg.Thetable______________（由……制成)

wood.ismadeupofismadefromismadeof2.However,wecanorganizeourideasindifferentwaysaccordingtothetypeofwriting.accordingto+名词/代词/从句（根据，依照，其中to是介词）eg.一切都在按照计划进行。Everythingisgoingaccordingtotheplan.eg.据我所知，我们下周末将野餐。AccordingtowhatIhavelearned,wearegoingtohaveapicnicnextweekend.3.leadto用法leadto导致…，致使…，通向….leadtosth/doingsth.(to介词)eg.不健康饮食导致疾病。Unhealthyeating

leadsto

illness.eg.他驾车不谨慎致使其丧命。Hiscarelessdrivingledtolosinghislife.

lead的用法：lead做动词，意为“引导；导致”，过去式为led-led。leadsbtodosth意为“导致，促使某人做某事”，其中to是不定式符号。eg.他的回答促使我做进一步的调查。

Hisanswer____________________research.eg.什么导致你选学法语呢？

What_________________________tostudy?拓展：to是介词的词组lookforwardton/doingleadton/doing

ledmetomakefurtherledyoutochooseFrench4.Thewaterisnotcleananymore.not…anymore=nomore不再not…anylonger=nolongernot…atall一点也不/notatall不用谢这个婴儿不再哭了。Thebabynomorecried.=Thebabydidnotcryanymore.他不再害怕动物了。Heisnotafraidofanimalsanylonger/more.=Heisnomore/roduction(可数n)引言，介绍introduce(v)介绍introduceoneself自我介绍introducesth/sbtosb向某人介绍某人或某物eg.She___________(介绍)metoherfriendthenwehadaniceconversation.eg.Jacklookedthroughthe_____________(介绍)aboutthebookbeforehedecidedtobuyit.

introducedintroduction6.Hehasbeenillinhospitalsincelastmonth.他从上个月开始生病住院了。

本句用的是现在完成时，表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或事情。fallill的延续性动词词组为beill区别inhospital/inthehospitalinhospital生病住院inthehospital在医院eg.Hewas_________becauseofillnessandhismotherhadtostay_______________totakecareofhim.attable在吃饭atthetable在桌旁gotoschool去上学（学生）gototheschool去学校inhospitalinthehospital7.haveaser