高中英语外研版必修一教学案module6sectionⅠintroductionamp；reading-pre-reading

Since1990stheInternethasbecomefashionable(时尚的)inpeople’sdailylife.TheInternetisasystemofthousandsofnetworks,linkingmiddleschools,universities,businesses,governmentagencies(机构),librariesandmillionsofindividuals.TheInternet,aninformationhighway,canbringmanyconveniencesintotheschool,homeandoffice.Collegestudentscanfindthedataofdifferentcountriestofinishtheirpapers.Housewivescandotheirshoppingandpaybillswithoutleavingtheirhomes.Businessmencanplaceanorderthroughelectronic(电子的)media.Patientscanreachtheworld’sleadingexpertsonthediseasetheysufferfrom.Menandwomencancommunicatewithpeoplefromallovertheworldbysendingandreceivinge­mails.Withacomputerandthenetwork,anyindividualcancallupinformationaboutalmostanythingfromalmostanywhereatalmostanytime.TheInternetoffersusexcitementandaworldofpromise.Forexample,itcanimproveefficiency(效率)inscientificresearch,forbymeansofitscientistsandresearcherscangetagloballookatthelatestdevelopmentsinthefieldconcernedandtheydon’tneedtospendtimedoingwhathasalreadybeendone.Inviewofpersonalcommunication,theInternetcouldbethemostconvenientmeans,too.ButdoyouknowthedevelopmentoftheInternetandtheWorldWideWeb?Let’sstepintoModule6togetherandexplorethemysteriousInternetworld!Section_ⅠIntroduction&Reading—Pre­readingeq\a\vs4\al([原文呈现])TheInternetisthebiggestsource①ofinformation②intheworld,andit’saccessible③throughacomputer.Itconsistsof④millionsof⑤pagesofdata⑥.In1969,DARPA,aUSdefenceorganisation⑦，developedawayforalltheircomputersto“talk”toeachotherthroughthetelephone⑧.Theycreated⑨anetworkofcomputerscalledDARPANET⑩.Forfifteenyears,onlytheUSarmycouldusethissystemofcommunication⑪.Thenin1984,theUSNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)startedtheNSFNETnetwork.Itthenbecamepossibleforuniversitiestousethesystemaswell⑫.NSFNETbecameknownas⑬theInter­Network,or“Internet”．TheWorldWideWeb(theweb)isacomputernetworkthatallows⑭computeruserstoaccess⑮informationfrommillionsofwebsitesvia⑯theInternet.Atthemoment⑰，about80percentofwebtrafficisinEnglish,butthispercentage⑱isgoingdown⑲.By2020,muchwebtrafficcouldbeinChinese.TheWorldWideWebwasinventedin1991byanEnglishscientist,TimBerners­Lee.Berners­Leebuilthisfirstcomputerwhilehewasatuniversityusinganoldtelevision！⑳Hecameupwitheq\o(○,\s\up1(21))theideaoftheWorldWideWebin1989whilehewasworkinginSwitzerland.eq\a\vs4\al([读文清障])①source/sɔːs/n．来源；出处②informationn．信息③accessible/ək’sesəbl/adj.可进入的；可使用的④consistof由……组成⑤millionsof数以百万计的⑥data/’deItə/n．(复)数据，单数是datum⑦defence/dI’fens/n．保护；防卫aUSdefenceorganisation是DARPA的同位语。⑧for...为不定式的复合结构作way的定语。⑨create/kri’eIt/vt.创造；发明⑩network/’netˌwɜːk/n．网络calledDARPANET为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰networkofcomputers。⑪communicationn．联络；通信；交往⑫aswell也，一般放在句末句中it为形式主语，touse...是真正的主语。⑬becomeknownas...作为……而出名；被称作……；叫作……⑭allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事⑮access/’ækses/vt.存取(计算机文件)；访问⑯via/’vaIə/prep.途经；经由⑰atthemoment目前；此时；此刻⑱percentage/pə’sentIdʒ/n．百分数；百分率⑲godown下降⑳while引导时间状语从句，using...为现在分词短语作方式状语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))comeupwith提出[第1～4段译文]因特网是世界上最大的信息源，它借助电脑便能进入。它由数百万页的数据组成。1969年，一个名叫DARPA的美国国防组织，研发出一种使他们所有的电脑通过电话相互“交谈”的方法。他们创建了一个叫DARPANET的电脑网络。在15年的时间里，只有美国军方才能使用这一交流系统。后来在1984年，美国国家科学基金会创立了NSFNET网络。然后，大学使用这一系统也成为可能。NSFNET作为“互联网络”或者“因特网”而闻名。万维网是一种电脑网络，它使电脑用户通过因特网从数百万的网站上获取信息。目前，大约80%的网络交流都使用英语，但这一比例正在下降。到2020年时，大量的网络交流有可能使用汉语。万维网由英国科学家蒂姆·贝尔纳斯·李于1991年创建。读大学时，贝尔纳斯·李利用一台旧电视制成了他的第一台电脑！1989年，当他在瑞士工作时，他提出了创建万维网的想法。Berners­LeemadeitpossibleforeveryonetousetheInternet,notjustuniversitiesandthearmyeq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).Hedesignedeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))thefirst“webbrowser”，whichallowedcomputeruserstoaccessdocumentseq\o(○,\s\up1(24))fromothercomputers.Fromthatmomentoneq\o(○,\s\up1(25))，thewebandtheInternetgrew.Withineq\o(○,\s\up1(26))fiveyears,thenumberofeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))Internetusersroseeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))from600,000to40million.TheInternethascreatedthousandsofmillionaireseq\o(○,\s\up1(29))，butBerners­Leeisnotoneofthem.EveryoneintheworldcanaccesstheInternetusinghisWorldWideWebsystemeq\o(○,\s\up1(30)).Henowworksaseq\o(○,\s\up1(31))alectureratMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinBoston.eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))notjust不仅仅makeitpossibleforsb.todosth.是习惯用法，其中it为形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语；notjust...为解释性状语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))design/dI’zaIn/vt.设计eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))document/’dɒkjʊmənt/n．文件eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))fromthatmomenton从那时起eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))withinprep.在……时间范围之内eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))thenumberof……的数量后接可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))risevi.增加；上升riseto增加到……riseby增加了……eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))millionairen．百万富翁eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))using...为现在分词短语作方式状语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))workas担任……，以……身份工作[第5～6段译文]贝尔纳斯·李使每个人使用因特网成为了可能，而不仅仅是大学和军队。他设计出了第一个“网站浏览器”，它允许电脑用户可以从其他电脑上获取文件。从那时起，万维网和因特网蓬勃发展了。5年内，因特网的用户从60万剧增至4000万。因特网造就了成千上万的百万富翁，但不包括贝尔纳斯·李。世界上的任何人都可以利用他的万维网系统进入因特网。他现任美国波士顿麻省理工学院讲师。Pre­readingPleasematchthefollowingwordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．contain A．许可2．access B．设计3．permission C．百分数；百分率4．source D．发明5．defence E．包含；包括6．create F．文件7．design G．创造；发明8．invention H．来源9．document I．保卫；防卫10．percentage J．通路；接近答案：1～5EJAHI6～10GBDFCLead­in1．Wecangetthelatestnewsfromthefollowingmedia.(1)newspaper(2)television(3)radio(4)Internet2．Matchthepictureswiththeirnames.A．laptop B．palmtopC．harddisk D．mobilephone(1)B(2)D(3)A(4)CWhile­readingFast­reading1．Lookatthepictureandreadthefirstsentencesandthelastsentencesofeachparagraphtofindtheanswertothequestion:what’sthemainideaofthepassage?Itmainlytellsuswhatthe_Internetisandhowithasdevelopedstepbystep.2．Readthepassagequicklyandmatchthemainideaswiththeparagraphs.A．ThedefinitionoftheWorldWideWeb.Para.2B．TheinventoroftheWorldWideWeb.Para.3C．ThecurrentconditionofBerners­Lee.．ThedevelopmentoftheInternet.Para.5E．ThestartoftheInternet.Para.6F．ThedefinitionoftheInternet.答案：Para.1—FPara.2—EPara.3—APara.4—BPara.5—DPara.6—CCareful­reading(Ⅰ)Readthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutBerners­Lee?A．HenowworksasalectureratMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.B．Heinventedthefirstcomputerandmadealotofmoney.C．HecameupwiththeideaoftheInternetwhileatuniversity.D．HemadeitpossibleforuniversitiestousetheInternet.2．DARPAmadeitpossibleforalltheircomputersto“talk”toeachother________.A．byradio B．throughthetelephoneC．onTV D．bythecellphone3．Whenthenetworkwasfirstinvented,itwasonlyusedintheUS________.A．army B．governmentC．university D．school4．WhichsentenceisRIGHTfromthepassage?A．TheNSFNETwasonlyusedbytheUSarmy.B．By2020,muchwebtrafficwillbeinJapanese.C．EveryoneintheworldcanaccesstheInternetusingtheWorldWideWebsystem.D．Berners­LeebecamerichbecauseoftheInternet.答案：1～4ABAC(Ⅱ)Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.Theweb1．allowsusersto2.accessinformationfromwebsites.DevelopmentIn1969,DARPA3.createdanetworkofcomputers.In1984,NSF4.startedtheNSFNETnetwork.In1989,TimBerners­Lee5.came_up_withtheideaoftheweb.In1991,TimBerners­Lee6.inventedtheweb.InfluenceWithin5years,7.the_number_ofInternetusersrosefrom600,000to40million.Atthemoment,8.about_80%ofwebtrafficisinEnglish,butthispercentageis9.going_down.By2020,10.much_web_trafficcouldbeinChinese.Study­readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．In1969,DARPA,aUSdefenceorganization,developedawayforalltheircomputersto“talk”toeachotherthroughthetelephone.[句式分析][尝试翻译]1969年，一个名叫DARPA的美国国防组织，研发出一种使他们所有的电脑通过电话相互“交谈”的方法。2．Berners­Leebuilthisfirstcomputerwhilehewasatuniversityusinganoldtelevision![句式分析][尝试翻译]读大学时，贝尔纳斯·李利用一台旧电视制成了他的第一台电脑！3．Berners­LeemadeitpossibleforeveryonetousetheInternet,notjustuniversitiesandthearmy.[句式分析]句中含有make的复合结构，其中it作形式宾语，不定式的复合结构作真正的宾语，notjustuniversitiesandthearmy作解释性状语。[尝试翻译]贝尔纳斯·李使任何人使用因特网成为了可能，而不仅仅是大学和军队。Ⅰ.阅读理解AInmodernworld,theInternethasmadeourlifeeasyandcomfortable.Inourdailylifewehavetousevariouskindsofelectronicdevices.Wecan’timagineourlifewithouttheInternet.Internetisnowbecominganindispensable(不可或缺的)partofourlife.ForPersonalUseIfapersonwantstospendawholedaywiththeInternet,itispossible.TheInternethasbecomeagoodfriendofeverybody.Nowwedon’tneedtogotothetheatertowatchamovie.Wecandownloadamovie,oldornew,fromtheInternetwithinafewminutes.Wheneverwewantanewdress,butconfusedthinkingaboutthedesignandcolorofthedress,thereisaquicksolutionontheInternetwhichcanhelpushopefully.Noteenagerisfoundwhodoesn’tuseFacebook.InFacebookwewillbeabletoconnectwiththosefriendswithwhomwedon’thaveanyconnectionforalongtime.InOfficeandBusinessBeforecomputersthereweremanyproblemsinourlife.Inoffice,wehavetodealwithmanykindsofinformation.Inthepast,wehadtogatherinformationonpapers,butitwasverydifficultforonepersontoprotectthousandsofpapers.Maybeyourofficewouldbeattackedbyfire.Butatpresent,itisnotamajorproblem.Wecanstorelotsofinformationincomputersconveniently.Beforecomputerswhenwewenttoanoffice,wesawlotsoffilesgatheredbesidethedesk.Somepeoplewererunningwithfiles.Itwasapreviousscene.Atpresent,thisscenecanbeveryfunny.Sowecansaycomputershelptochangetheenvironmentofanofficeindirectly.____________ThemajornoveltyoftheInternetisthefasterspreadofinformation.Wecandownloadinformation,tutorial,book,andanytypeofhelpfromtheInternet.IfIneedhelpfrommyteacherinthenightbeforetheexam,Idon’tneedtogotohishouse.Itwillwastetime.Icanknowhisvaluableopinionthroughemail.Manyuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionssharetheiropinions,viewsandexperiencesandsometimestheystarttheirprojectstogetherontheInternet.Itsavestheirtimeandmoney.WecanknowthesefromtheInternetwhichwasimpossibleinthepast.语篇解读：在现代社会中我们不能想象没有网络的生活。互联网使我们的生活方便和舒适。1．WhydoestheauthortalkaboutFacebookinParagraph2?A．Becauseitisquitepopularwithteenagers.B．BecauseallteenagerscanuseFacebook.C．BecauseitprovestheInternethaspersonaluse.D．Becauseithelpstofindfriendswe’velonglostcontactwith.解析：选C推理判断题。ForPersonalUse为第二段的主题，作者谈及Facebook是为了说明该主题。2．Thethirdparagraphisdeveloped________.A．byspace B．bycontrastC．byprocess D．bytime解析：选B细节理解题。根据该段中的信息“Inthepast”和“Butatpresent”可知，该段是通过对比来展开的。3．Theblankinthetextabovecanbefilledby________.A．ForWorkEfficiency B．InCommunicationC．ForDevelopment D．InEducation解析：选D段落大意题。根据第四段中的信息“Wecandownloadinformation,tutorial,book,andanytypeofhelpfromtheInternet.IfIneedhelpfrommyteacherinthenightbeforetheexam”可知，该段的主题为互联网在教育方面的作用及影响。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．InterlinkedComputersAroundtheWorldB．TheInfluenceoftheInternetinOurDailyLifeC．TheInternet—BridgeAmongPast,PresentandFutureD．TechnologicalBreakthroughinCommunication解析：选B标题归纳题。文章论述了互联网对我们日常生活的影响。故选B。BIstartedusingFacebookaboutoneyearagoandIreallylovedit.Icouldgetthelatestinformationaboutmyfriendsthroughit.However,afterusingitforsometime,Ifoundsomethingverydisappointing.Itstartedabouthalfayearago.Oneday,whileIwasreadingsomethingthatmyfriendLisaposted,Ifoundshewaslying.Shesaidshehadwonthefirstprizeinacontest(竞赛).Butthetruthwasthatsheonlygotthethirdprize.AftershepostedthatonFacebook,manypeoplesaidhowgreatshewas.Isaidnothing.Ijustfeltdisappointed.Butthatwasnottheendofthestory.Somedayslater,Ifoundshetoldliesagain.Andherlieswentonandon.Shekeptpostingsomethingshehadn’tdone,suchasbuyinganexpensivegiftforhermother,helpingastranger,keepingahomelessdog,andsoon.Andevenworse,othersfollowedherexample.Iknewwhytheydidthat.Theyfeltenvy(忌妒)ofLisa.Youmayfinditfunny.ButinfactFacebookenvyisnothingtolaughabout.ResearchersfoundthatthosewhoenvyothersonFacebookaremorelikelytosufferfromdepression(抑郁症)．Inmyopinion,Facebookshouldjustbeusedtotalkwithfriendsandfamilies.Weshouldn’tlietoothersjustinordertomakeothersthinkwe’regreat.Ifwelie,otherswilllie,too.Andintheend,everyonewilllieonFacebook.SotellthetruthonFacebook.Itcanhelpothersreallyknowaboutyou.语篇解读：作者发现她的朋友Lisa经常在Facebook上撒谎，她对此感到很失望。更糟的是，很多人因为妒忌Lisa也开始撒谎。所以作者建议人们在Facebook上实话实说。5．AftertheauthorstartedusingFacebook,she________.A．oftenliedonitB．foundithelpfulatfirstC．madealotoffriendsonitD．founditdisappointingatonce解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容可知，当作者一开始使用Facebook时，她能通过Facebook获得好友的信息，这让作者觉得Facebook很有用。6．Whatmadetheauthordisappointed?A．FeelingenvyofLisa.B．Notgettingthefirstprize.C．Lisa’slyingaboutherself.D．Havingnothinggreattopost.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，不久作者发现她的好友Lisa在Facebook上撒谎，这让作者很失望。7．Bysaying“othersfollowedherexample”，theauthormeansothers________.A．didsomethinggreattooB．startedtouseFacebookC．startedtoenvyLisaD．startedtellingliesonFacebook解析：选D推理判断题。根据文章第三段的内容可知，Lisa的谎言越来越多，多数都是在炫耀自己，而她的炫耀导致了更糟的事情：因为妒忌她所说的那些虚假的东西，其他人也开始撒谎，由此可知“othersfollowedherexample”指的是其他人也开始在Facebook上撒谎。8．WhatdoestheauthorthinkpeopleshoulddoonFacebook?A．Keephonest.B．Maketruefriends.C．Makethemselvesgreat.D．Helpotherscorrecttheirmistakes.解析：选A细节理解题。根据末段的内容可知，作者认为人们在Facebook上应该实话实说，这样才能让别人真正了解自己。CInternettimetiedtoteendepression(抑郁)symptomsSpendingtimeonlineisnormalbehaviourforteenagers.ButtoomuchInternetusebyteens—ortoolittle,forthatmatter—mightberelatedtodepression,anewstudyfinds.Thefindings,reportedinthejournalofPediatrics,donotmeanthattheInternetistoblame.Forone,teensinthestudywhospentnotimeonlinewerealsoatincreasedriskofdepressionsymptoms.Instead,theresearcherssaythatbothheavyInternetuse,andnon­use,couldserveassignalsthatateenagerishavingahardtime.Forthestudy,Dr.Pierre­AndreMichaudandhiscol­leaguesattheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland,surveyed7,200individualsaged16to20abouttheirInternetuse.Thosewhowereonlinemorethantwohoursperdaywereconsidered“heavy”Internetusers,whilethoseonlineanywherefromseveraltimesperweektotwohoursperdaywereconsidered“regular”users.Theteenagersalsoansweredanumberofhealth­relatedquestions,includingsomestandardquestionsabout“de­pressivetendencies”thatgauge(判定)howoftenapersonfeelssadorhopeless.ComparedwithregularInternetusers,thestudyfound,kidswhowereheavyusersornon­usersweremorelikelytobedepressedorverydepressed.Amongmaleteens,heavyusersandnon­userswerebotharoundone­thirdmorelikelytohaveahighdepres­sionscore,comparedto“regular”users.Amonggirls,heavyInternetusershadan86percentgreaterchanceofdepression,whilenon­usershada46percentgreaterlikelihoodcomparedtoregularusers.Thatwaswithfactorslikefamilyincomeandanychronichealthproblemstakenintoaccount.Sinceteenagerstypicallygoonlinetocontactwithfriends,theresearchersspeculate(推测)thatthosewhoareneveronlinemaybemoresociallyisolated.语篇解读：上网与青少年患抑郁症没有必然联系，但过度上网和不上网可能导致“抑郁”。9．Howlongarethosewhoareonlineperdayconsidered“heavy”Internetusers?A．Morethantwohours. B．Morethaneighthours.C．Morethantwelvehours. D．Morethantenhours.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Thosewhowereonlinemorethantwohoursperdaywereconsidered’heavy’Internetusers...”可知A项正确，每天上网时间超过两小时的人被视为“过度上网者”。10．What’sthepurposeofDr.Michaudandhiscolleagues’study?A．Toknowtheactualnumberofteenagersonline.B．Toknowtheactualtimeofteenagersonline.C．Toknowtheinfluenceonstudyaboutteenagersonline.D．ToknowtherelationshipbetweentheInternetuseanddepression.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“surveyed7,200individualsaged16to20abouttheirInternetuse”和接下来的研究结果叙述可知，Michaud博士和他的同事研究的目的是了解因特网的使用和抑郁症的关系。所以选择D项。11．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“isolated”inthelastparagraph?A．Independent. B．United.C．Separated. D．Capable.解析：选C词义猜测题。根据上文Sinceteenagerstypicallygoonlinetocontactwithfriends“青少年上网主要是为了与朋友们联系”可知，“那些从来不上网的青少年可能更孤立自闭”，所以选择C项separated(分离的，单独的)最合适。12．Accordingtotheaccountsofthesixthparagraph,whatcanweconclude?A．Non­usersofInternetaren’tlikelytobedepressed.B．Amonggirls,heavyInternetusersaremorelikelytosufferdepressionthanregularusers.C．Heavyuserswillleadtodeathunlesslimited.D．Non­usershavemorepossibilitytobedepressedthanheavyusers.解析：选B推理判断题。根据本段中的“Amonggirls,heavyInternetusershadan86percentgreaterchanceofdepression...”可知，女